Arabic Language and Literature
Behnam Farsi; Zahra Esfandiary
Abstract
Feminism is a school of thought that has been found to restore the oppressed rights of women and establish equity with and sometimes supremacy over men. After its pervasion in Western countries, the phenomenon slipped through such Muslim nations as Saudi Arabia. In her novel "Ontha al-Aankaboot" (Female ...
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Feminism is a school of thought that has been found to restore the oppressed rights of women and establish equity with and sometimes supremacy over men. After its pervasion in Western countries, the phenomenon slipped through such Muslim nations as Saudi Arabia. In her novel "Ontha al-Aankaboot" (Female Spider), Qumasha al-Ayan, a Saudi Arabian author, addresses women's problems and the challenges facing feministic movements in her country. Using a descriptive-analytic method, this study aims to firstly investigate the differences between the social structures of western and Islamic countries regarding feminist approaches and secondly to demonstrate the obstacles against the advancement of the feminist movement in Saudi Arabia to discuss social problems women face in that society with emphasis on the afore-mentioned novel. As the study results show, the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent need for women's workforce induced feministic feelings in Western countries. In contrast, such feelings have not found the opportunity to develop in Islamic nations, specifically in Saudi Arabia, since there is not only a fundamental conflict between Islam and feminism but also the normalization of patriarchy in these countries. Moreover, the male-oriented interpretation of laws in some Arab Muslim countries has limited women in different areas.
Philosophy
Farhad Zivyar; Ehsan Shakeri-Khouni; Amir E’temadi
Volume 14, Issue 31 , October 2014, , Pages 47-66
Abstract
Dependence of humanities and social studies and research on methodological patterns has become a requirement in the field of humanities. Various influential schools, beliefs, and thinkers in the field are studying and researching with this concern in mind. One of these methodological patterns is the ...
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Dependence of humanities and social studies and research on methodological patterns has become a requirement in the field of humanities. Various influential schools, beliefs, and thinkers in the field are studying and researching with this concern in mind. One of these methodological patterns is the qualitative interpretative method and hermeneutics method in particular. This method, which is divided into several kinds and types, has found many advocates and believers in social and humanities, and even religious and doctrinal, studies. In the intellectual-epistemic environment of Iran, too, some authors have proposed the application of this method in religious and theological studies, and, of course, have encountered many scientific-epistemic controversies and challenges in the course. In this paper, while explaining the evidence of philosophical hermeneutics, a critical view of this method will be presented. Philosophical hermeneutics has been criticized from two perspectives which include intra-hermeneutic and extra-hermeneutic criticism. Intra- hermeneutic criticism refers to the controversy set forth by some beliefs and individuals that support hermeneutics. Extra-hermeneutics criticism is the explanations of philosophical hermeneutics objections from the point of view of the currents and individuals who have evaluated this method outside the framework of hermeneutics.
Information Science and Epistemology
Hamidreza Radfar; Solmaz Noori
Volume 15, Issue 37 , November 2015, , Pages 47-67
Abstract
Nowadays, it is crucial to have access to a large collection of organized information. A new and important topic in this field is the digital library, which is a solution in all kinds of scientific and academic fields. The book entitled Digital Libraries: The Information Exchange is also a worthwhile ...
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Nowadays, it is crucial to have access to a large collection of organized information. A new and important topic in this field is the digital library, which is a solution in all kinds of scientific and academic fields. The book entitled Digital Libraries: The Information Exchange is also a worthwhile endeavor in this regard. Thus, the present article attempted to critically review this book without any bias and only to promote the work and guide its audiences while pointing to the valuable points, highlights, weaknesses, and shortcomings to widen the scope of such discussions. First the book and the author are introduced and then the book is reviewed in both form and content. Appearance and writing features of the work are considered in form criticism, and issues such as rational order, resource validity, scientific quality, innovation, and adaptability were addressed in the content section and suggestions were finally made to solve the deficiencies.
Arabic Language and Literature
abu al-hasan amin moghadecci; moosa bayat; abdo al- vahid navidi
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March 2017, , Pages 47-60
Abstract
Academic books, along with other elements of higher education, are considered important tools toeducate students and prepare them to enter the society. So, the preparation of a book to be able to fulfil this aim seems necessary. Analyzing the academic books based on the standard features can help us ...
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Academic books, along with other elements of higher education, are considered important tools toeducate students and prepare them to enter the society. So, the preparation of a book to be able to fulfil this aim seems necessary. Analyzing the academic books based on the standard features can help us accomplish such an important aim which constitutes the pillars of higher education. This article seeks to examine the Qur'an based on structural, linguistic, content and form characteristics. Moreover, it tries to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the book academic on the history of Arabic literature. The main results indicate that the apparent features such as artwork, page design and highlighs in writing are not taken into account. The language of book is scientific, eloquent, without any ambiguity. The rules of grammar and Rhetoric have been fully observed. Proportionality between the amount of information and details of the book as a whole has not been met, but this has been considered in the context of the chapter. The book in question is not comprehensive and updated enough, and it has not been able to communicate well with other books at its level .Its writing style is not based on the academic criteria.
political science
Rasoul Afzali; Mohammad zohdi Gohar; Akbar Valizadeh
Volume 17, Issue 8 , January 2018, , Pages 47-66
Abstract
"Hegemony: A New Form of Global Power" was written by John Agnew, and it was published by "Temple University" in 2005. The importance of this book lies in the conceptualization of a new theory of hegemony. There have been three theories on the issue of hegemony so far. Deconstructing concepts and ...
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"Hegemony: A New Form of Global Power" was written by John Agnew, and it was published by "Temple University" in 2005. The importance of this book lies in the conceptualization of a new theory of hegemony. There have been three theories on the issue of hegemony so far. Deconstructing concepts and a critical approach in the context of a new theory have made this book different. This book has theorized and conceptualized the fourth theory. The Foundation of Agnew’s theory versus the three previous theoretical models emphasizes the society-oriented of hegemony and the process of its formation.But, Agnew’s pluralistic viewpoint to the pivotal issue of international political economy, proposed by realists, is not free from criticisms. Agnew attacks the government so severe that the audience think government does not have any role in economy outside the scope of the community and the social forces. Therefore, how we can accept that the hegemony establishment by the most powerful government in the second half of the twentieth century, that is the USA, has been a non-governmental process leaves the audience with no answer.
Persian Language and Literature
Issa Amankhani
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2018, , Pages 47-67
Abstract
Contrary to the tradition of some scholars such as Forouzanfar, Homaee, Zarrinkoub who mainly discussed life and thought of the author / poet, some of the works by Dr. Shafiee Kadkani are specific and different because they have emphasized the question of form and the form of literary work apart from ...
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Contrary to the tradition of some scholars such as Forouzanfar, Homaee, Zarrinkoub who mainly discussed life and thought of the author / poet, some of the works by Dr. Shafiee Kadkani are specific and different because they have emphasized the question of form and the form of literary work apart from the content and theme, and they have sometimes written books (poetry, music) or perfectly have crafted oriented articles (based on formalist). Resurrection of Words: A Lesson of Speeches on Literary Theory of Russian Formalists has been the most formalist work by him which is discussed in the introduction of the formalism (history, teachings and characters affected), and some of his articles have been included which have been written with inspiration from their ideas. With all the advantages that this book has (such as all works by Dr. Shafiee Kadkani), there are some criticisms leveled against it. The main criticisms are as follows: 1- incomplete expression (and possibly incorrect) background / context of the emergence of Russian Formalism, 2- lack of coherence of theories presented by the author, 3- some irrefutable and non-scientific propositions in the book and 4-, the inclusion of chapters such as "potter motif evolution in the poetry of Omar Khayyam" which is not consistent with formalism space of the book of resurrection of words.
Sociology
Bizhan Zare
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to examine and evaluate the book of Education and Development: The New Issues in Educational Economics, compiled by Arani Miner and Sarkar Arani from Nashr-e-Nay Publishing. This book is one of the few works published in the field of economics. The review and evaluation ...
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The main purpose of this paper is to examine and evaluate the book of Education and Development: The New Issues in Educational Economics, compiled by Arani Miner and Sarkar Arani from Nashr-e-Nay Publishing. This book is one of the few works published in the field of economics. The review and evaluation of the book have been carried out based on the questionnaire for reviewing the texts and books of the Humanities Review Council in terms of form, structure, and content evaluation. Overall, the results of the survey show that the book has a decent quality despite some minor downsides in terms of structure and content. However, the need to improve the quality of the book in future publications should be considered in the final suggestions of the paper, especially, in the field of education economics and the impact of human development on economic growth. Appropriate analysis is also needed to reform policy-making in terms of the structure of trusted institutions, and to change their approach to efficient human resource training and to allocate sufficient credits to the book in light of the global experience.
Jurisprudence and Law
Ali Asghar Esmailifar; Gholam Hossein Masoud; Mohammad Kazem Emadzadeh
Abstract
Banking legislation is indeed a tool to achieve the goal of legislation in the government in which it leads the money market towards its own targets. The case of government’s intervention in the economy and its amount in the money market has been analyzed and reviewed here and there. However, how ...
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Banking legislation is indeed a tool to achieve the goal of legislation in the government in which it leads the money market towards its own targets. The case of government’s intervention in the economy and its amount in the money market has been analyzed and reviewed here and there. However, how much of this intervention leads to bad loans is a matter to discuss. Bad loans as a fundamental problem have made trouble to the banking system. Since the government itself is a macro debtor to the banking system, this legislation designed by the government is of the intrinsic defect. In this legislation, there is the case of encouraging and punishing aspect to paying the bad debts; nevertheless, the amount of credit should be considered. Therefore, this banking legislation style in making or receiving bad loans has serious defects.
History
Hamidreza Pashazanous
Abstract
A considerable part of our knowledge about Iran and its relations with other neighboring civilizations has been based on Greek and Roman texts and sources, some of which have been translated into Persian with acceptable quality. However, there is important information about ancient Iran in the historical ...
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A considerable part of our knowledge about Iran and its relations with other neighboring civilizations has been based on Greek and Roman texts and sources, some of which have been translated into Persian with acceptable quality. However, there is important information about ancient Iran in the historical texts and archaeological findings discovered in the Far East, especially China. A small number of them have been translated into Persian, which contains errors. Therefore, considering the importance of historical texts and archeological data related to Iran in China, the present article intends to first examine the works related to ‘Iranian-Chinese Relations’, in order to pathologize the Persian translations of these texts and research on Iran-China relations. Then, it seeks to criticize the part related to ancient Iran in the book Ancient Texts on China-Iran Relations. The most important outcome of this study is the weakness of translators and editors in translating Chinese texts and research into Persian, which in some cases, these weaknesses are the result of important mistakes of the authors of the research in the West.
political science
S. Motahareh Hosseyni; Razieh Mousavyfar; Fatemeh Eidi
Abstract
The book, Dissection of ISIL: Essence, Organizational Structure, Inductions and Results, written by Seyed Ali Nejat, tries to say anything about ISIL. This book discusses the intellectual and ideological essence of ISIL, its history and formation, its organizational structure, its inducts and tactics, ...
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The book, Dissection of ISIL: Essence, Organizational Structure, Inductions and Results, written by Seyed Ali Nejat, tries to say anything about ISIL. This book discusses the intellectual and ideological essence of ISIL, its history and formation, its organizational structure, its inducts and tactics, its media inducts, its army and militia, its economy and finance, why this group arose and collapsed, and the chances and threats of ISIL for Iranian foreign policy and proposes for countering with this group. In this paper we will introduce and describe the book, then after formal critique, in part of the analysis of the context of the book, we will criticize the parts of the book and will say that the essential problem of this book is the absence of theory. In the eventual analysis, we propose the alternatives for the book, some proposes for the next books in this area and with this methodology. The methodology of this paper is library studying the use of electronic data.
Philosophy
Muhammad Asghari; Neda Mohajel
Abstract
This article reviews the book Understanding Hegelianism written by Robert Sinnerbrink and translated by Mehdi Bahrami and edited by Mohammad Mehdi Ardabili. In this article, we will first analyze the content of the text in the book, regardless of its Persian translation, and mention Hegel's role in European ...
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This article reviews the book Understanding Hegelianism written by Robert Sinnerbrink and translated by Mehdi Bahrami and edited by Mohammad Mehdi Ardabili. In this article, we will first analyze the content of the text in the book, regardless of its Persian translation, and mention Hegel's role in European philosophy, especially its role in the formation of French structuralist and poststructuralist thought, and then evaluate Persian translation. Orientalism is one of the best books in our country that can fill the gap caused by Hegelianism in the twentieth century to some extent, although the author of the book is often with his own taste and style of the important French thinker Jacques Lacan, who is part of the thought. It owes itself to Hegel, especially in the sense of "desire," and is one of the book's shortcomings. This article tries to express the advantages and disadvantages of this book with an introduction in order to introduce the author and the importance of his book for the reader and to introduce the form and content of the work and analyze the content of the work. Of course, we have also suggested some Persian terms for the Persian translation.
Jurisprudence and Law
Ebrahim Mousazadeh
Volume 10, Issue 21 , December 2011, , Pages 49-75
Abstract
Social rights have a critical role not only in political, religious, and legal thinking, but also in social and economic management. Islam from its arising both in Islamic texts and in practice and Imams’ deeds emphasized on social rights for their role in preserving human dignity and providing ...
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Social rights have a critical role not only in political, religious, and legal thinking, but also in social and economic management. Islam from its arising both in Islamic texts and in practice and Imams’ deeds emphasized on social rights for their role in preserving human dignity and providing the hard stones of a healthy religious society and has developed a legal and administrative system. On the contrary, in western systems there are no proper principles, pattern, and framework for social rights. Following the progressive Islamic thought, social rights system in Iran is manifested in different principles of the constitutional law of Islamic republic of Iran including: principle 3, article 4(the insurance of widowed, old and guardianless women), principle 28 (right of work), principle 29 (right of social security), principle 30 (right of education), principle 31 (right of habitation).This article not only introduces philosophical background of social rights but also discusses their role in Islamic and Western thinking.
Sociology
Muhammad Asghari; Neda Mohajel
Abstract
This article reviews Michel Foucault’s late work, entitled What Is Critique and the Care of the Self, which deals with both the content of the book and its Persian translation. Foucault’s most recent work, especially in this book, deals with the subject of Kantian Enlightenment and the question ...
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This article reviews Michel Foucault’s late work, entitled What Is Critique and the Care of the Self, which deals with both the content of the book and its Persian translation. Foucault’s most recent work, especially in this book, deals with the subject of Kantian Enlightenment and the question of the ethics of taking care of a particular attitude to the subject and its governance and upbringing to express its critical view of modernity and social and moral structures. What is Foucault’s critique of the Kantian epistemological approach to the question of “what can I know?” Redirects to the critical question and believes that critique is a redefined movement that gives the subject the right to know the truth about his power effects and the power of his truth discourses. Ask a question. Concerning the second part of the book, one can also summarize Foucault’s words about his upbringing in his aesthetic attitude, something that Foucault himself emphasizes. He believes that it is an artwork in itself. An art work that everybody has to make, and everybody has it in their own way. Regarding the evaluation of the Persian translation of this book, it can be said that although it has been translated into fluent and fluent language, the lack of an introduction by the Persian translators and the lack of a profile and last references of the book and some incorrect translations of Latin terminology are some of the shortcomings of this work.
Persian Language and Literature
Masoumeh Amirkhanlou
Abstract
The publication and textual criticism of Attar of Nishapur’s “Tazkerat al-Awliya”, which is considered as one of the most important texts in Persian prose, was done in 1398 by Dr. Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani. More than a century has passed since the first textual criticism of “Tazkerat ...
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The publication and textual criticism of Attar of Nishapur’s “Tazkerat al-Awliya”, which is considered as one of the most important texts in Persian prose, was done in 1398 by Dr. Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani. More than a century has passed since the first textual criticism of “Tazkerat al-Awliya” by Reynold Alleyne Nicholson, but the new work that has been made is in many ways superior to the works of others; because the editor has largely provided a text close to Attar's language by dealing with multiple manuscripts and providing a textual criticism. In addition to this, it is necessary to mention the useful comments, the detailed introduction, and the acquisition of the main sources of the mystics' words in Tazkerat and their memoirs and cultures. The present article intends to point out some of the shortcomings and mistakes in the text of the book while pointing out the advantages and benefits of the new work. These shortcomings include typographical errors, incomplete or incorrect references, ambiguity in the method of textual criticism, structural and content confusion.
Economy
Seyyed Shamseddin Hosseini
Volume 17, Issue 9 , March 2018, , Pages 51-74
Abstract
As oil sector has a great share in the Iran’s economic growth rate, the concept of economic growth shock resistance and stability has gained great momentum. The aim of this paper is to identify the shock resistance of Iran’s economic growth from 1978 to 2016 with the approach of “quality-sectoral ...
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As oil sector has a great share in the Iran’s economic growth rate, the concept of economic growth shock resistance and stability has gained great momentum. The aim of this paper is to identify the shock resistance of Iran’s economic growth from 1978 to 2016 with the approach of “quality-sectoral analysis” in the framework of growth sectoral accounting. Results show that the economic growth rate during this period has varied about 46 percent in which oil sector growth rate has a variation of 195.4 percent. It is also verified that the largest growth shocks happened in years of oil sector production quantity shocks due to an exogenous reason like oil purchase sanctions. Two years of 1981 and 2012 are eminent in this issue. On the other hand, on the event of sanctions lift or suspension in 1983 and 2016, the growth rate experienced a jump which cannot be considered as standing in the line of long run and stable growth rate, but a short-term reform happened in the growth rate. Results of the paper show that the shock of oil sector has made the economic growth unstable due to its high dependency to foreign countries as a result of governmental supply monopoly, demand monopoly and the U.S. sanctions on Iran oil exports.
Foreign Languages
Ali Derakhshan
Volume 18, Issue 8 , December 2018, , Pages 51-73
Abstract
In spite of the quintessential significance to integrate language and culture, there have been few attempts to investigate the cultural elements of English teaching textbooks based on a valid framework. Consequently, the purpose of this exploratory study was to describe how culture has been addressed ...
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In spite of the quintessential significance to integrate language and culture, there have been few attempts to investigate the cultural elements of English teaching textbooks based on a valid framework. Consequently, the purpose of this exploratory study was to describe how culture has been addressed in the second edition of six textbooks of American English File Series (Latham-Koenig, Oxenden, & Boyle, 2013), taught in the private institutes in Iran. To this end, a model of cultural patterns, developed by Zarei and Khalessi (2011), was utilized to analyze the content of the series. The model has four constituents of value, norm, institution, and artifact. Overall, the results indicated that textbooks are artifacts which are strongly grounded in cultural assumptions and biases. Moreover, results revealed that these instructional materials are filled with cultural values unique to the Western world, the most prevalent of which include girlfriend-boyfriend relationship, consumerism, lack of studying, Western music, artifacts, lack of trust between the couples, rate of divorce and break-up, and inculcation of Western culture. It is concluded that textbooks are carriers of cultural values that not only transfer knowledge but also inculcate the cultural values of the native speakers of that language. Therefore, the role of the English teachers in prompting intercultural competence is to preserve the Iranian cultural heritage and values and make a balance between the integration of culture and language.
political science
Akbar Ashrafi
Abstract
This book has examined the historical course of Imam Khomeini’s struggles. In this review, the respected researcher used a simple and fluent pen that is comprehensible to all audiences of the book. However, it has omitted some of the events affecting the process of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. ...
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This book has examined the historical course of Imam Khomeini’s struggles. In this review, the respected researcher used a simple and fluent pen that is comprehensible to all audiences of the book. However, it has omitted some of the events affecting the process of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. On the other hand, the title chosen for the book is a theoretical title using the concept of ‘discourse’, while the researcher has not addressed the theoretical issues of ‘discourse’ in this book, and his research method, is not a discourse method, and so he had better use a historical title for his work. In this critical article, in addition to presenting a summary of the mentioned work, methodological and content critiques of the book are also presented in different sections. The main criticism of this work is that the title of the book is an idea, while the content and method used in it are historical. Also, in explaining the Islamic Revolution from Imam Khomeini’s point of view, the theory of the Islamic Revolution sought by Imam Khomeini should have been studied through his political thought, which has been neglected.
Management and Policy Making
Karim Esgandari; Sheida Orafaye Jamshidi; Shadi Orafaye Jamshidi; Mojtaba Ramazani
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review and criticize the book “Holding Strategic Management” (A Framework for Supervision Strategies). The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the model proposed by the Council for the Study of Humanities ...
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The purpose of this article is to review and criticize the book “Holding Strategic Management” (A Framework for Supervision Strategies). The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the model proposed by the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books in the framework of general introduction, form, and content. The form quality of the work is good and in general, the main rules of writing have been observed as much as possible. There are some formal weaknesses such as: not using a specific symbol for the strategic management of the holding in the design on the cover of the book, not observing the proportion of the volume of the chapters, and lack of attractive shapes. In terms of content, addressing the issue of strategic management of the holding as an independent dimension of the parent company's strategy is one of the strengths of this work and is the first work related to this issue. However, the work suffers from a lack of logical order and coherence of content, a lack of fluency in the text, and a lack of objective examples from Iranian companies. In general, the analysis of the content of scientific and academic books can provide their possible strengths and weaknesses for the possible modification and change of content and form, in accordance with the set goals and scientific principles to the planners and authors of the academic books.
Art
Atefeh Amiri; Zeinab Saber; Nahid Abdi
Abstract
Studies in Iconology, Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance by Erwin Panofsky clarifies the function of the Iconology method in interpreting artworks. The goal of this critic is to express the significance of interdisciplinary studies and also is a survey in how methodically organized studies ...
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Studies in Iconology, Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance by Erwin Panofsky clarifies the function of the Iconology method in interpreting artworks. The goal of this critic is to express the significance of interdisciplinary studies and also is a survey in how methodically organized studies is used in analyzing artworks. Thus this study criticizes and studies the form and contents in the book and also author’s opinions about analyzing and referring to the sources according to Iconology method. In its form, the book looks into the basic relations between the form and subject in analyzing art forms and shows analyzing and interpreting artworks according to their historical context in which they originated and the multiplicity of visual and textual sources which refers to the artworks. By the way, in some cases missing references are seen and the order in using them in the text is not also correct and reliable references are needed, especially sources of Islamic philosophy which have caused some limitations in using the book in some related conditions. Despite these problems, researchers can go further than a mere Formal study by using interdisciplinary and in order to make an understanding about Symbolic Meaning and Contents of artworks, they can have fruitful research.
Science and Technology Studies
Seyyed Saeed Zahed Zahedani; Ali Fotovatiyan
Abstract
Confrontation of Islamic and Modern culture and civilization is the most important issue of the day. Knowledge and sciences are the main obstacles in the design and analysis of each culture. Therefore, the confrontation between Islamic and modern knowledge and sciences is one of the essential ...
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Confrontation of Islamic and Modern culture and civilization is the most important issue of the day. Knowledge and sciences are the main obstacles in the design and analysis of each culture. Therefore, the confrontation between Islamic and modern knowledge and sciences is one of the essential issues in academic centers, especially in Iran which is considered as the leading society in the renovation of the Islamic new civilization. Different writers are concerned about this subject. One of them is Khaki, the writer of Tahlile Howiate Elme Dini and Elme Modern (Analysis of the Identity of Religious and Modern Science.). Regarding the importance and controversies of ideas in this issue, this article aims to criticize this book’s features and contents. In analyzing the content of the book, we are looking for its logical and systematic harmony in the principles and the results presented by the writer. A summary of different sections of the book is presented, followed by their critics. The writer criticizes modern sciences regarding three historical phases of the scientific revolution, positivism, and post-positivism, epistemologically and puts forward his proofs in favor of value-oriented characteristics of modern science. He points to the criteria of its value-oriented characteristic as well. The writer believes that there is no change without direction. So, all scientific issues are goal-oriented regarding the macro interpretation of individual and society’s definition and destiny. Regarding this issue, modern sciences are not useful as software for producing Islamic civilization even when they act as an obstacle in this issue. The book is a good summary and presentation of materials of Farhangestane Olome Islami which are available in their publications in different levels.
Foreign Languages
Hamideh Behjat
Abstract
A look into the history of the literature of the ancient nations reveals that epics are the most fundamental works. Major role players of such epics are the heroes who have their roots in the unconscious beings of a collection of human beings and their existence provides a response to man’s wishes, ...
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A look into the history of the literature of the ancient nations reveals that epics are the most fundamental works. Major role players of such epics are the heroes who have their roots in the unconscious beings of a collection of human beings and their existence provides a response to man’s wishes, aspirations, and needs. Therefore, hero-making is a phenomenon well inside man’s innate. The Indo-European tribes and then Iranians and Germans are no exception. This has resulted in such glorious epics as Shahnameh and The Song of the Nibelungs. This book has a special status in German Literature. The valuable work marks the national treasure and cultural heritage of the German language. This study tries to draw a critique and investigate the book in order to contribute to its better and more identification while encouraging Persian language scholars and literary figures to read the work. This research is the first in its kind to briefly introduce of “The Song of the Nibelungs”. After providing a concise summary of the story, this study explains concepts of the episode and epic and related history. Then while offering a careful investigation of the issue, this study criticizes the structure and content of this epic and identifies the episodic and historical elements of the work.
Philosophy
Maryam Saneapour
Volume 17, Issue 7 , January 2018, , Pages 55-76
Abstract
This article introduces, analyzes, and criticizes the book entitled: "An Introduction to Sufism, the Inner Path of Islam" written by Eric Geoffroy and translated from French to English by Roger Gaetani. Geoffroy, in this work, explains the inner spirituality of Islam. He has studied Sufism from many ...
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This article introduces, analyzes, and criticizes the book entitled: "An Introduction to Sufism, the Inner Path of Islam" written by Eric Geoffroy and translated from French to English by Roger Gaetani. Geoffroy, in this work, explains the inner spirituality of Islam. He has studied Sufism from many aspects and reviewed the origins of the Islamic Mysticism up to present. The author has used Sufism as a magnifier, and he has observed a unique spirituality which is existed in all the inner forms of Islam.One of the advantages of this book is its wide historical perspective which considers the most important Sufi dervishes from the early days of Sufism formation up to now. Moreover, Geoffroy has studied the discussions, theories, and practices which caused to form Sufism fairly and accurately. In this book, the global and unifying aspects of Sufism which can contrast with radical sectarianisms have been highlighted. Geoffroy has attempted to make a balance between the early Islamic mystics like special treatment of the subject balances the voices of long ago as Ibn Arabi, Rumi, Hallaj, etc. and the contemporary mystics.In this article, the most important issues of the book have been emphasized, and their positive or negative aspects have been reviewed.
Archaeology
Hassan Basafa; Mohammadsadegh Davari
Abstract
The book Myths of Ancient Bactria and Margiana on its Seals and Amulets is basically a catalog of seals and amulets of BMAC culture, which was obtained during illegal excavations and was auctioned in the antique market of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. All of these works have been documented by the author ...
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The book Myths of Ancient Bactria and Margiana on its Seals and Amulets is basically a catalog of seals and amulets of BMAC culture, which was obtained during illegal excavations and was auctioned in the antique market of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. All of these works have been documented by the author of the book, Sarianidi, one of the leading Russian archaeologists, and presented in English, along with a long article. The above work is one of the first publications of BMAC and since it was published in 1989, its study approach has been related to that time and also limited to the results and study hypotheses of the time of its compilation. Many of his hypotheses, especially about the origins of the people of this culture, and many others, need to be fundamentally reconsidered in light of recent research and findings. Since the above book is related to myths, in the present study, an attempt is made to critique and study it with an iconic approach and to explain and complete its study principles. The results indicate many strengths in terms of logical order of content, innovation and use of up-to-date sources compared to the time of compilation, as well as weaknesses in the archaeological foundations of Iran and in addition, strong weaknesses in specialized translation and editing.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Saleh Tabatabai; Arsalan Golfam
Abstract
Because of its clear presentation of topics, comprehensive scope and its illustrative application of theories, Language, Mind and Culture: A Practical Introduction by Zoltán Kövecses has secured its place as a textbook of Cognitive Linguistics. That is why the book has been translated into ...
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Because of its clear presentation of topics, comprehensive scope and its illustrative application of theories, Language, Mind and Culture: A Practical Introduction by Zoltán Kövecses has secured its place as a textbook of Cognitive Linguistics. That is why the book has been translated into Persian. However, its erroneous Persian translation has not managed to preserve the original book’s merits and has sometimes misinformed or even misled the reader. Most of the problems with the Persian translation constitute formal defects, including conspicuous misspellings and wrong equivalents for proper nouns, and content mistakes, including wrong renderings of general and technical terms and incorrect translations that produced vague or even unintelligible sentences. After giving a broad outline of the original and its contents, the present review has enumerated the various types of the defects in its Persian translation with numerous examples in order to illustrate and correct some of its critical flaws and also to put forward a proposal for the total revision of the translation.
political science
Seyed Parsa Hejazi; Mohammad Jafar Javadi Arjmand
Abstract
Although Jack Snyder is a defensive neo-realist, he has kept himself faithful to Waltz's structuralism; his big difference in this work is in his attention to the factors that were compared to the level of the international system and are placed at the reductionist levels. By combining the mentioned ...
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Although Jack Snyder is a defensive neo-realist, he has kept himself faithful to Waltz's structuralism; his big difference in this work is in his attention to the factors that were compared to the level of the international system and are placed at the reductionist levels. By combining the mentioned levels, the author presents a clearer picture of some countries' causes of war and unjustified expansionism. Among the structures mentioned in Snyder's work, we can mention the differences in the political systems of nation-states and the impact of these differences on their distinct foreign policy behaviors. The author searches for many roots of expansionist decisions in the psychological dimension and examines the possible causes of expansionist thinking in structural impositions, which, from his point of view, are not the primary cause in most cases. In the end, it is important to mention that the expansionist groups of a country often use these impositions to move towards unbridled expansionism with the use of propaganda techniques and exaggerating external risks to mobilize political resources.
