Methodology
Shamsalmolok Mostafavi
Abstract
As the founder of phenomenology, Husserl himself did not use phenomenology to analyze art and works of art. Except for a few hints in Encyclopedia Britannica's article, he did not write anything in this area. However, he paved the way for the phenomenology of art and led many post-Husserlian phenomenologists ...
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As the founder of phenomenology, Husserl himself did not use phenomenology to analyze art and works of art. Except for a few hints in Encyclopedia Britannica's article, he did not write anything in this area. However, he paved the way for the phenomenology of art and led many post-Husserlian phenomenologists to look at art from a phenomenological perspective. This article aims to show the application of the phenomenological method in aesthetics and analysis of works of art. To achieve this, we will first refer briefly to the ideas of M.Dufrenne (who is somewhat faithful to Husserl's intellectual tradition) to reveal to him how the phenomenology of aesthetic experience. Then according to Heidegger's views (which are further from Husserl's tradition), we will examine in the phenomenological analysis of art to see how Hermeneutic phenomenology can re-establish the neglected relationship between truth and art.
Jurisprudence and Law
Seyed Taha Merghati Khoei
Abstract
The book Āyāt al-ʾAḥkām, compiled by Khalīl Qebleei Khoei, unlike most of Fiqh al-Quran books written based on fiqh titles, is segmented in three parts in accordance with law sections: public law, civil law, and criminal law. In the interpretation of verses, the author has not confined himself ...
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The book Āyāt al-ʾAḥkām, compiled by Khalīl Qebleei Khoei, unlike most of Fiqh al-Quran books written based on fiqh titles, is segmented in three parts in accordance with law sections: public law, civil law, and criminal law. In the interpretation of verses, the author has not confined himself only to interpret verses known as ʾĀyāt al-ʾAḥkām, rather in some cases, he has deducted some rules from verses that were not common in his predecessors’ works. In this essay, some examples are mentioned. However, in ʾĀyāt al-ʾAḥkām Tatbīqī (comparative ʾĀyāt al-ʾAḥkām), the author has followed the traditional method of ʾĀyāt al-ʾAḥkām books and addressed all of the fiqh chapters, including ʿIbādāt and Muʿāmilāt (in the general sense), and compared opinions of Shīʿi and Sunnī jurists. Both of the author’s works are contextually evaluated as both academic and inferential, whereas the author, while expressing the opinions of the previous jurists and scholars of the past, expresses his innovative inferences from the verses. This book needs some modifications, including bringing goals at the beginning of each chapter and giving a concise list before the detailed list at the end of the chapters and adding additional readings and quizzes to assess the trainees.
Jurisprudence and Law
Seyed Alireza Mirkamali
Abstract
In order to protect the family and prevent its dissolution, the Iranian legislator passed the Family Protection Law in 1391 and required the registration of marriage to support the family, woman, and children. In this context, there are criticisms of the temporary marriage. Despite the fact that this ...
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In order to protect the family and prevent its dissolution, the Iranian legislator passed the Family Protection Law in 1391 and required the registration of marriage to support the family, woman, and children. In this context, there are criticisms of the temporary marriage. Despite the fact that this marriage is typically made up of an intentional purpose, not a tribe, in some cases, as in the case of permanent marriage, we may encounter the concept of the family, in such a way as not to resort to criminal law. The law provides for the custodial guarantee, in the absence of permanent and temporary registration of marriages, in only three cases of wife’s pregnancy, the agreement between the parties, and the existence of a condition for marriage. The failure to set a proper deadline for registering the marriage, to exclude punishment for a man, as well as a couple’s obligation to register the marriage, is a woman who is pregnant while the fetus may be aborted later this year. These are the challenges which are investigated in the present article.
Sports Science and Physical Education
Hamid Ghasemi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to criticize the translation of book “Fundamentals of Sports Marketing” by Berenda G. Pitss and David Kent Stotler. This book was translated into Persian by Morteza Azimzadeh, Fateme Heidari and Abolghasem Bazmara and published by Ferdowsi University of Mashhad ...
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The purpose of this study was to criticize the translation of book “Fundamentals of Sports Marketing” by Berenda G. Pitss and David Kent Stotler. This book was translated into Persian by Morteza Azimzadeh, Fateme Heidari and Abolghasem Bazmara and published by Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2017. A critical philosophical exploration was used to review this book. The criticism tool was a worksheet for reviewing textbooks in the Humanities Textbooks. Qualitative content analysis showed some findings. The book’s positive points included a form of cover design, typography, print quality, and proper bookbinding. These positive points of content dimension included the appropriateness of the content of the book with the objectives of the lesson in question and covering many of the chapters approved, matching the book with the scientific level of students, proper use of different scientific tools, and meeting the scientific and practical needs of the community. The weak points included inconsistency in the text of some words, inconsistency in the translation, and inconsistency in the title with the cover image. Also, some concepts are not well explained, and detailed interpretations are not provided by the translator. Overall, the work under review is one of the best-translated books in the basics of sports marketing.
Art
Dariush Esmaieli; Alireza Sayyad
Abstract
The Impression of a City: Tehran Today (1977) by Khosrow Sinai is one of the leading Iranian documentaries that aspires to represent the experience of living in the modern metropolis of Tehran. It has remarkable differences from common urban symphonies, in form and structure, and Sinai doesn’t ...
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The Impression of a City: Tehran Today (1977) by Khosrow Sinai is one of the leading Iranian documentaries that aspires to represent the experience of living in the modern metropolis of Tehran. It has remarkable differences from common urban symphonies, in form and structure, and Sinai doesn’t try to convey the rhythm and pace of the metropolitan life, and he is more in to the representation of some evanescent sparks of metropolitan living experience in the Iranian, traditional to modern, transitional society. The author’s educational background in architecture shows itself through the aesthetics of the film and his exploration in the nature of the modern city. This study, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, using library sources, and an interdisciplinary approach, tries to investigate, how the film represents the metropolitan experience of life, and analyzes the filmmaker’s critical perspective on the process of urban modernization in the Pahlavi’s era.
political science
Reza Najafzadeh
Abstract
This manuscript is devoted to the critique of Spivak’s “Can the Subaltern Speak?” Spivak as part of the study of history from below deconstructs historiography. Her central theme is the critique of the subaltern-maker sign system. She uses Althusserian concepts such as the theory of ...
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This manuscript is devoted to the critique of Spivak’s “Can the Subaltern Speak?” Spivak as part of the study of history from below deconstructs historiography. Her central theme is the critique of the subaltern-maker sign system. She uses Althusserian concepts such as the theory of ideology and apparatus alongside concepts such as the differential identity, trying to link the grammatological psychoanalysis to the political economy. This is the strength of her work, but there are also serious criticisms of her project. For example, Spivak blocks the path of claimed change and emancipation by declaring the subaltern's inability to speak and her need to be represented. Following Derrida's call to speak of the subaltern through the vague force within us, he opens the way for a kind of ecstatic intuition that works to release the power of imagination and aesthetic taste. Spivak wanted to make the subaltern studies a general theory by linking the international political economy with the hermeneutics of sacred, legal, and educational texts, and literary criticism, but she rarely moved beyond the realm of literary criticism. The validity of her critiques of Foucault and Deleuze can be questioned by referring to their original works.
Methodology
Leila Namdarian; Alireza Seghatol Eslami
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate the book titled “Social Studies of Technology: Theoretical and Interdisciplinary Reflection” by Reza Samim. Science and Technology Studies is an interdisciplinary field that has been ignored in the Iranian scientific context and has not ...
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The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate the book titled “Social Studies of Technology: Theoretical and Interdisciplinary Reflection” by Reza Samim. Science and Technology Studies is an interdisciplinary field that has been ignored in the Iranian scientific context and has not received much attention by scientists and researchers. The publication of this book has helped to enrich the scientific literature of this field in the country. Another advantage of this book is to provide some of the local and cultural considerations in the area of science and technology studies. The content evaluation of the book shows that since the book editor had not had a clear picture of the questions in this field of study, he was not very successful in organizing the articles in both theoretical and interdisciplinary reflections. The presentation of the theoretical and interdisciplinary topics in most papers is mainly focused on the sociological perspective of technology and, therefore, its viewpoint seems to be closer to the traditional and conventional view in which the relationship between science and technology and society than to new approach named Science and Technology Studies. Also, categorizing the book's articles into two sections of theoretical and interdisciplinary reflections is not very meaningful considering interdisciplinary field of study, and perhaps a justified distinction should be made between the two sections of theoretical reflections and appropriate case studies.
Archaeology
Hamed Vahdati Nasab
Abstract
Carlton Stevens Coon is one of the most prominent figures in the Prehistoric Archaeology of Iran. He conducted the first systematic field expeditions in the Iranian Archaeology 70 years ago. For many years his works have been taught in the Iranian universities. Now and after almost seventy years, a need ...
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Carlton Stevens Coon is one of the most prominent figures in the Prehistoric Archaeology of Iran. He conducted the first systematic field expeditions in the Iranian Archaeology 70 years ago. For many years his works have been taught in the Iranian universities. Now and after almost seventy years, a need for critical review of his works sounds inevitable. In this research, such review was performed based on five categories: theoretical approaches of the field works, degree of specialty, fieldwork approaches, data collecting methods, and data processing procedures. The results indicate that his theoretical and practical approaches have suffered from many weaknesses. Coon’s main concern was to find human remains (Neanderthals in particular) rather than conducting clean archaeology excavations. On the other hand, his horrifyingly racist publications, rumors about his employment as an intelligence operative by the CIA during the WW II and the Cold War, plus countless unanswered questions concerning the sites he chose to excavate in Iran, all support this hypothesis that Archaeology was not his first priority in Iran.
Arabic Language and Literature
Zohreh Ghorbani Madavani
Abstract
Textbook criticism is of great importance and status. The book “Conjugation 2”, written by Ahmad Pashazanoos, while addressing issues related to the name, has tried with exercises at the end of each lesson to provide the audience with the opportunity to explore the material presented in practice. ...
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Textbook criticism is of great importance and status. The book “Conjugation 2”, written by Ahmad Pashazanoos, while addressing issues related to the name, has tried with exercises at the end of each lesson to provide the audience with the opportunity to explore the material presented in practice. This book is a continuation of the book “Conjugation 1” by the same author. The present article critiques the two levels of form and content of this book by descriptive-analytical method and relying on the descriptive analysis approach. All the strengths and weaknesses of the book in the two areas of form, content and mistakes of the author have been pointed out by presenting documents and examples of the book. Finally, in general, this book can be called a scientific package that tries to provide inflectional content by deductive method (mentioning the rule and then providing an example witness( and the role of meaning and subtle semantic differences in different inflectional forms are insignificant.
Art
Morteza Sedighifard; Hedie Khazaei; Mehdi Moghimnejad
Abstract
This research is based on a structured analysis of the book written by Pierre Bourdieu, called Photography, a Middle-Brow Art. This study is a descriptive analysis of the different sections of the book from different perspectives. In this research, we considered the Persian translation of the book. Moreover, ...
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This research is based on a structured analysis of the book written by Pierre Bourdieu, called Photography, a Middle-Brow Art. This study is a descriptive analysis of the different sections of the book from different perspectives. In this research, we considered the Persian translation of the book. Moreover, the origin of the work and the effectiveness of its contents after more than half a century from its publication, along with its advantages and disadvantages were discussed. We also compared the Persian translation to the English version. The translation of the work was also examined, which revealed that the book has a decent translation quality, despite detecting a few errors in some sections. It can be concluded that due to the long time since its publication and the speed of change in its concerning fields, namely sociology and photography, most arguments in the book can no longer be cited. Also, because the book contains discontinuous articles and does not have an explicit conclusion, it does not have the desired unity in general, which might result in the fact that each section can be read independently.
Persian Language and Literature
Mohammad Aalizadeh Meresht; Ghodsieh Rezvanian; Samaneh Jafari
Abstract
In the curriculum of Iran, the Persian Literature lessons and its textbooks play a significant role. At the same time, poetry is very important in Persian literature. For these reasons, this paper intends to describe analytically the Persian Literature books of this period in a quantitative and qualitative ...
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In the curriculum of Iran, the Persian Literature lessons and its textbooks play a significant role. At the same time, poetry is very important in Persian literature. For these reasons, this paper intends to describe analytically the Persian Literature books of this period in a quantitative and qualitative way to examine the status of poetry and the intellectual and aesthetic approaches of the selected poems. We want to know if the poems in these books have the ability to portray an appropriate, transcendent, and realistic picture of Persian poetry in students’ minds. The results indicate that the books in question are mostly prose-based. The selected poems are mostly devoted to epic, patriotic and revolutionary literature, and from an intellectual and aesthetic point of view, they may not be attractive enough to encourage students to read and enjoy textbooks in class. Due to the inappropriate distribution of poems in literary genres, styles of poetry, poetry formats, and poems of Persian books, this course does not show the correct face of Persian poetry to the audience. In terms of the status of the poets and their works, there are also many criticisms of the three books. Therefore, this study emphasizes the necessity of revising and modifying the textbooks studied.
Philosophy
Mahdi Abootalebi Yazdi; Ali Moradkhani; Meysam Sefid Khosh
Abstract
The basis of the theory of secularism is that as modernity progresses (a set of phenomena including science, technology, and rational forms of authority), the influence of religion gradually diminishes, but Charles Taylor argues that the modern world not only hasn’t destroyed religion, but also ...
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The basis of the theory of secularism is that as modernity progresses (a set of phenomena including science, technology, and rational forms of authority), the influence of religion gradually diminishes, but Charles Taylor argues that the modern world not only hasn’t destroyed religion, but also in many cases, has led to its growth and development. The book The Secular Age is a detail of his views on secularism. Taylor talks about situations in the past where belief in God was pervasive, but things developed in such a way that belief in God became an option among other options. He describes the process of spreading secularism in the new West and what has happened to religion. In this process, for the religious, "God" and for the non-religious, "reason" describes perfection. This article, with a brief look at Taylor's work, examines the movement of the West (Western Europe and North America) from religious societies to secular societies, and after analyzing Taylor's theory of secularism, critiques and summarizes his ideas.
Jurisprudence and Law
Ahmed Mozafari; Majid Banaeioskoei
Abstract
In October 1929, in Warsaw, the Convention on the Uniformity of Aviation Regulations was signed by the participating countries and entered into force on 13 February 1933, following developments in the field of aviation and the occurrence of deficiencies in the text of the treaty. Twenty-five years later, ...
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In October 1929, in Warsaw, the Convention on the Uniformity of Aviation Regulations was signed by the participating countries and entered into force on 13 February 1933, following developments in the field of aviation and the occurrence of deficiencies in the text of the treaty. Twenty-five years later, the Warsaw Convention was amended on 28 September 1955 in The Hague, and the Protocol entered into force on 1 August 1963, with the most important change being the convention, which doubled the carrier’s liability. In 1975, the Iranian government acceded to the Warsaw Convention and its amended protocols and accepted the implementation of its regulations on foreign flights. In 1985, the Islamic Consultative Assembly considered the provisions of this treaty applicable to domestic flights. Many countries, such as Iran, acceded to the Warsaw Convention and its protocols. In the Iranian law, with the approval of the Law on Determining the Limits of Liability of Airlines in Iran on 5/11/2012, and despite the many criticisms leveled at this law, the amount of liability of domestic companies towards Iranian passengers on domestic flights is equivalent to ransom and what about foreign passengers. In domestic and international flights, it is equal to 16600 Sdr and in front of Iranian passengers in international flights, it is equal to 16600 Sdr. In this article, after presenting the common definitions in aviation law regarding the responsibility of transport operators and stating a history of a set of actions and documents, the principles of liability of the Convention and Iranian law were comparatively studied. The timing of the beginning and end of responsibility is one of the most important and challenging issues, which is discussed in detail in this article. The amount of damages payable is another chapter discussed in this article.
Economy
Amir Hossein Mozayani
Abstract
The issue of decision-making and selection among different options has been continuously considering as one of the human concerns. Obviously, this issue has taken on a more complex nature with the development and evolution of societies. In this regard, having the methods and knowledge that can facilitate ...
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The issue of decision-making and selection among different options has been continuously considering as one of the human concerns. Obviously, this issue has taken on a more complex nature with the development and evolution of societies. In this regard, having the methods and knowledge that can facilitate decision-making is very important. The above topic in the field of economics knowledge is expressed as Economic Evaluation of Projects which has a long history in economic literature and multiple texts in this field, have been published. In the present article, the evaluation and critique of the book Economic Evaluation of Project is on the agenda. In this regard, during the content of the article, while referring to the general features of the book, an attempt has been made to briefly mention the content of each chapter. In addition, according to the literature review, the strengths and weaknesses of the book were described separately and attempts were made to provide suggestions for improving the text in future editions. It seems that delivering a sufficient combination of evaluation criteria, an applied approach of the contents and delivering a manual for applying related soft wares, are among distinguished aspects of the book.
Management and Policy Making
Layla Anbarsetani; Rashid Zoalfaghari Zafarani; BiBi Sadat Miresmaeili; AbasAli Ghayomi
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating a quality management model in order to implement the educational goals of the document of fundamental transformation of education and upbringing with a combined approach. In terms of applied purpose, the present research method ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating a quality management model in order to implement the educational goals of the document of fundamental transformation of education and upbringing with a combined approach. In terms of applied purpose, the present research method was a combination of consecutive exploratory type and data collection method in the qualitative part, field using interviews and in the quantitative field using a questionnaire. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes professors of educational management familiar with the document of education and training as well as familiar with quality management, who were purposefully selected as a standard for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (19 interviews with 19 people and up to The theoretical saturation limit continued) and in the second (quantitative) part, after collecting information from qualitative research, a questionnaire was constructed. Therefore, in general, it was found that the categories of strategic quality management model in order to implement the educational goals of the document of fundamental transformation of education and training, in order of importance, including infrastructure, evaluation, finance, human resources, participatory education, communication, human, organizational structure, program is planning and training. The directors of education in the country are recommended to use the results of the present study to achieve the educational goals of the document of fundamental change in education.
political science
Mokhtar Nouri; Ghodrat Ahmadian
Abstract
The book Virtuous Life in the Secular Age is the work of the Iranian thinker Farhang Rajaee and the Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor. This book is written based on a common concern between the two thinkers. This common concern is the relationship between "religion and modernity" and the possibility ...
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The book Virtuous Life in the Secular Age is the work of the Iranian thinker Farhang Rajaee and the Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor. This book is written based on a common concern between the two thinkers. This common concern is the relationship between "religion and modernity" and the possibility of a religious life in the modern world. The book is a combination of authorship and translation and written in the Framework of Thomas Springs. In the present article, while introducing and reviewing the mentioned work, its critique and critical evaluation will be on the author’s agenda. Criticism of the work indicates that methodologically the work has not been able to implement the four stages of Springs. Therefore, the most important critique of the present work can be considered a "methodological" critique.
Science and Technology Studies
Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Movahed Abtahi
Abstract
In recent years, the topics of philosophy of humanities, philosophy of technology and the role of humanities and technology in the process of development have been widely welcomed. A philosophical discussion about the relation of science and technology, especially the relation of humanities, programs, ...
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In recent years, the topics of philosophy of humanities, philosophy of technology and the role of humanities and technology in the process of development have been widely welcomed. A philosophical discussion about the relation of science and technology, especially the relation of humanities, programs, and institutions as soft technologies, can assist in science and technology policymaking in human and social life. The book Humanities as Technology answers the fundamental question: “Can humanities be understood as technology and can this understanding be used in the policymaking of humanities and soft technologies?” The authors of this book elaborate on this discussion by conducting case studies in the field of information technology and jurisprudence, using the approach of critical rationality. In this article, after introducing the book, critical points are raised in relation to some of the main claims of the book; in particular, the view that jurisprudence should be understood as mere technology. In the end, suggestions for modifying and completing this book and turning it into a textbook are presented.
Sociology
Baharak Mahmoodi; Abbas Varij Kazemi
Abstract
This article has been written with the aim of critical study on the book Everyday Life of Urban Precariat (2013-2011) written by Alireza Sadeghi. This book is considered as a collection of works written in the theoretical-methodological tradition of Bayat and according to the author, it is readable ...
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This article has been written with the aim of critical study on the book Everyday Life of Urban Precariat (2013-2011) written by Alireza Sadeghi. This book is considered as a collection of works written in the theoretical-methodological tradition of Bayat and according to the author, it is readable in the continuation of Bayat's book "Street Policies" which was written in 1997. The results of this critical study show that although the information and evidence presented in the book, which has been analyzed in an ethnographic manner, indicate the depth and breadth of this research, the fact is that the book is one of its original examples of "street politics". He has not stepped beyond. Also, showing the negligence and insignificance of the role of the poor in reproducing the inferiority situation and urban irregularities is a point that can be seen in the design and summary of the present book.
Jurisprudence and Law
Seyyed Hassan Vahdati Shabiri; Hussein Abdul Hamid
Abstract
The salvation of the injured during the events of the accident is an example of kindness, but the deliberate destruction in damages is guaranteed, so some examples of these two seem contradictory and disturbing in the responsibility of the rescuers. In resolving this misunderstanding, it may ...
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The salvation of the injured during the events of the accident is an example of kindness, but the deliberate destruction in damages is guaranteed, so some examples of these two seem contradictory and disturbing in the responsibility of the rescuers. In resolving this misunderstanding, it may seem that my public and private relations are subject to two rules of contradiction both in common and in reference to the general and absolute arguments necessary for compensation. However, this attitude can be criticized, so the Ehsan rule, especially in cases of emergency relief, may imply a conviction of the rules imposing a guarantee, thereby removing legal gaps to ensure relief workers are exempt from their liability in cases of deliberate destruction or rescuers’ property is a must. The view of some other legal systems, such as the United Kingdom, expresses a kind of social necessity in today’s world to provide relief from the responsibility of rescuers in such cases. Therefore, the appropriate doctrine of enacting laws in this area is also affected by the ambiguity or gaps in the original sentence and is proposed as a rule of a secondary or affecting social necessity today.
Information Science and Epistemology
Mortaza Kokabi
Abstract
The book entitled “Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval” is a compiled and translated book, without any specific author, that has been translated by Jaafar Mehrad and Maryam Naseri. If we assume that information retrieval is the heart of the field of knowledge and information ...
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The book entitled “Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval” is a compiled and translated book, without any specific author, that has been translated by Jaafar Mehrad and Maryam Naseri. If we assume that information retrieval is the heart of the field of knowledge and information science, then we can claim that if it is done in user’s natural language, the language by which she/he lives and seeks information, the result will be much more useful for her/him. Therefore, a book on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval will be of great value for the information field and profession. Furthermore, the introduction of a course entitled “Natural Language Processing” in PhD curriculum with a minor of “Information Retrieval” necessitates the existence of such a book due to the shortage (and perhaps lack of) such a source for this course. However, there are some problems with the book that will be discussed in some detail in the section on the critique and evaluation of book’s content. Some other discussions will also be presented on the citation and referencing problems in the same section. Using some tables, the relationship among the terms translated in the book, vocabulary, and index will also be discussed.
Art
Naghme Kharazian
Abstract
The book Symmetries of Islamic Geometric Patterns written by Seyed Jan Abbas and Amer Shaker Salman has been translated into Persian by Amene Agharabi. Due to the authors' mastery of mathematics, the book has a different approach to other works in the field of Islamic patterns, which has made it attractive ...
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The book Symmetries of Islamic Geometric Patterns written by Seyed Jan Abbas and Amer Shaker Salman has been translated into Persian by Amene Agharabi. Due to the authors' mastery of mathematics, the book has a different approach to other works in the field of Islamic patterns, which has made it attractive and useful for both researchers in the field of Islamic art and mathematical sciences, but its topics and points cannot be understood in its Persian translation. According to the main text of the book, it seems the lack of understanding of concepts is related to the quality of translation. Therefore, the present critique is about the Persian translation of this book. In order to evaluate this translation, the entire English text of the book was adapted to the translated text. Cases were criticized in 6 categories; 1) Incorrect translation, 2) Untranslated words and phrases, 3) Multiple translations for one word and multiple words with one translation, 4) Reverse translation, 5) Changes in the sentences and paragraphs of the original text, and 6) Selection of unfamiliar equivalent. The existence of serious and many problems in Persian translation has caused the text to be incomprehensible and as a result, the reader has been deprived of a different and valuable points of view of this book which are vital issues. Finally, the book needs serious revision in translation.
Methodology
Mohammad Nejadiran; Rozhan Hesam Ghazi
Abstract
The dominance of positivism over the philosophy of science in the first years of the twentieth century, due to its wave of criticism by some philosophers of science in the second half of this century, was in crisis and collapse. The views of scientific philosophers such as Popper, Cohen, and Lakatos ...
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The dominance of positivism over the philosophy of science in the first years of the twentieth century, due to its wave of criticism by some philosophers of science in the second half of this century, was in crisis and collapse. The views of scientific philosophers such as Popper, Cohen, and Lakatos provided the basis for the emergence of more radical critiques of the classical stream of the philosophy of science. In the same vein, Feyerabend tried to replace the previous approaches with a kind of methodological anarchism in his book, Against Method: The Anarchist Theory of Knowledge. According to her, there is no reasonable way to obtain and reject theories. In this book, she shows that trying to find rules for the logical reconstruction of the process of advancing science and proving and refuting theories is futile. In this research, while reviewing the mentioned book, an attempt has been made to evaluate some of the main views of the author in terms of form and content. The purpose of this work is to show the validity of the author’s radical claims in the philosophy of science and to assess its strengths and weaknesses. The method used in the critique of this descriptive-analytical work shows that Firand’s views, while in the field of philosophy of science as a new critical approach to the importance and privileged position, have unresolved conflicts to which they write. It has been overlooked, and it seems that those who follow his views in the philosophy of science should make more theoretical efforts to solve it.
Art
Alireza Taheri; Roya Zarifian
Abstract
This article, which is a descriptive and analytical research and its qualitative data has been collected through the research method of libraries, has been organized with the aim of studying the stylistic developments of Iranian art after the Mongol invasion and while trying to review the book “Seven ...
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This article, which is a descriptive and analytical research and its qualitative data has been collected through the research method of libraries, has been organized with the aim of studying the stylistic developments of Iranian art after the Mongol invasion and while trying to review the book “Seven Decorative Principles of Iranian Art” written by Yaghoub Azhand and to answer the basic question why in Qazvin school of Safavid period, these themes are mentioned as seven principles of Iranian art? It seems that the drawing of these motifs to the position of the "Seven Principles" was done in line with the policies of Shah Tahmaseb and with the aim of limiting the power of the Ghezelbas. The findings show that in order to achieve this goal, first the royal workshop and library of Tabriz were dissolved as an influential centers and promoters of Ghezelbashi thought, and in the next step, the visual elements of Iranian painting were regulated in two main and sub-areas. Placing elements such as mobility, coloring, and composition in the field of Iranian painting subdivisions meant reducing the importance of the principles governing the Ghezelbashi method, and in contrast emphasizing the arrangement under the heading of the "Seven Principles of Iranian Art" while setting the policy. The nascent Qazvin school in a different direction from Tabriz II school, gave it special credit.
Art
Mehran Sohrabzadeh; Azad Omidvar; Neda Khodakaramian Gilan
Abstract
This study examines the critical discourse of the film “Flying over a Cuckoo's Nest”. The present study is a descriptive and analytical study and the Fairclough critical discourse analysis approach has been used for analysis. The theories of Fairclough, Foucault, and Goffman have also been ...
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This study examines the critical discourse of the film “Flying over a Cuckoo's Nest”. The present study is a descriptive and analytical study and the Fairclough critical discourse analysis approach has been used for analysis. The theories of Fairclough, Foucault, and Goffman have also been used in this research. Research findings show that there are four discourses in the movie “Flying Over the Cuckoo's Nest”. The first discourse is discipline. Discipline is applied to the mentally ill through members of the mental hospital. The second discourse is the deconstructive discourse in which mental patients within the hospital oppose the structures that exist in the mental hospital. The third discourse is motivational discourse. The film also shows that the mentally ill are stigmatized by the mental hospital, the family, and ultimately members of society, and finally, the discourse of power is seen in the film, power being imposed on the mentally ill by hospital members. Among the most prominent characters in this film are Nurse Rachd, who is a symbol of power, and Murphy who is a symbol of freedom and liberation, and in fact the main protagonist of the film, who intends to free the mentally ill and, according to Foucault, insane people from disciplinary institutions.
Persian Language and Literature
Sepideh Abdolkarimi
Abstract
The present article is the result of a critical look at the book “Verb Valency and Basic Constructions of Sentences in Modern Persian; a Survey based on Dependency Grammar Theory” which is written by Dr. Omid Tabibzadeh in eight chapters. Due to the fact that the dependency approach to grammar ...
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The present article is the result of a critical look at the book “Verb Valency and Basic Constructions of Sentences in Modern Persian; a Survey based on Dependency Grammar Theory” which is written by Dr. Omid Tabibzadeh in eight chapters. Due to the fact that the dependency approach to grammar in Iran has gained less attention than other grammatical approaches, the lack of the presence of such a book in Persian, introducing this grammatical approach to language researchers interested in this approach, was strongly felt. For this reason, author’s attempt is admirable. One of the challenges the author has faced has been equivalent choices for technical terms in the named approach, and the absence of books in this field in Persian has resulted in the present situation which is the lack of Persian sources in Dependency Grammar. Because of the mentioned lack, sometimes we face a variety of technical terms, ambiguous definitions, and counterexamples in traditional grammars. Therefore, this article is the introduction of the book, its chapters, its strong points, and also its weak points.
