Methodology
Elham Rasooli Saniabadi
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the major strengths and weaknesses of David Marsh and Jerry Stoker's book entitled Methodology and Theory in Political Science. Since one of the most important areas of the philosophy of science is the field of transnational issues focusing on ...
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The main purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the major strengths and weaknesses of David Marsh and Jerry Stoker's book entitled Methodology and Theory in Political Science. Since one of the most important areas of the philosophy of science is the field of transnational issues focusing on the issues of ontology, epistemology, and methodology, the main objective of this study is to bridge the gaps in two domains of epistemology and methodology. The book covers articles in three areas, including “ Political Science Approaches” , (Methodological Questions”, and “Theories about the Governments,” which were written by different authors from Britain universities, so these issues have been dealt with from a British approach. In this study, we first introduce the overall evaluation of the book, then we discuss the weaknesses and the disadvantages of the book. In the fifth section, the overall content evaluation of the book is presented, and in the final section, the most important strengths and disadvantages of the content of each chapter are enumerated. . This research is analytical with a critical approach through a case study.
Methodology
Mohammad Shojaeian; Mohammad Reza Taheri
Abstract
The book Philosophy of Social Sciences by Michael Root mainly supports a perfectionist approach to the social sciences. In the sense that he believes that social scientists should try to present a conception of the good that is common among research actors. Feminist approaches to the social sciences ...
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The book Philosophy of Social Sciences by Michael Root mainly supports a perfectionist approach to the social sciences. In the sense that he believes that social scientists should try to present a conception of the good that is common among research actors. Feminist approaches to the social sciences are examples of this approach. The book also explains the doctrine of neutrality in various areas of social research, which Root believes is the result of the dominance of a liberal approach, and is then rejected. Emphasis on perfectionism in social research and attention to various areas of social sciences is one of the highlights of the book. Failure to provide an explanation of the meaning of the philosophy of social sciences, disregard for developments in contemporary liberalism, in particular, the development of a perfectionist approach to the theory of liberalism and the emphasis on the appropriateness of the idea of neutrality for the state are among the main shortcomings of the book. The existence of a state with valuable moral neutrality challenges the results of perfectionist social research. The issue of objectivity and relativity also needed to be considered, especially for a book that defends the perfectionist approach to the social sciences.
Persian Language and Literature
Esmat Khoeini; Mohammad Parsanasab; Naser Kermani
Abstract
Despite the variety of electronic resources, textbooks continue to be the main medium of language teaching. Thus, criticizing them can improve the quality of education. This paper reviews the 1st volume of the 2nd Edition of “Farsi Biamuzim”, based on a set of standards and criteria for evaluating ...
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Despite the variety of electronic resources, textbooks continue to be the main medium of language teaching. Thus, criticizing them can improve the quality of education. This paper reviews the 1st volume of the 2nd Edition of “Farsi Biamuzim”, based on a set of standards and criteria for evaluating academic textbooks. Among the five criticism criteria of structure, content, language, method, and society and culture, the advantages of this work can be found in the general way of teaching the alphabet, providing innovative exercises, selecting practical topics, and designing useful topics in the content of lessons. Its disadvantages can be attributed to the structural inconsistency of the book in the instruction of letters and grammatical materials and the lack of a list of sources and a defect in its list of contents.
History
Reza Shah Maleki; Houshang Khosrow Beigi; Jamshid Noroozi
Abstract
This research has made an effort to criticize the collection of Monshaat related to the 10th century AH written by Mirza Mohammad Sadegh Nazem Tabrizi (Sadegha-ye-Tabrizi) and to scrutinize the writer’s features, shortcomings, the importance of the manuscript, insight and method in a meaningful ...
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This research has made an effort to criticize the collection of Monshaat related to the 10th century AH written by Mirza Mohammad Sadegh Nazem Tabrizi (Sadegha-ye-Tabrizi) and to scrutinize the writer’s features, shortcomings, the importance of the manuscript, insight and method in a meaningful framework. The theme of the above version includes such concepts as royal decrees, court documents, an announcement of a victory, Monshaat and friendly correspondences from the Seljuk period to the early Safavid period that has not still been criticized and published and can in turn help to understand missing links in the political and social history of Iran and some of its neighbors. Relying on the manuscript of Tabrizi’s Monshaat and an analytical approach along with qualitative content analysis, this study indicates that the writer was influenced by the political atmosphere of the Safavid period in compiling and arranging the Monshaat. Since the Safavid’s ideal is explained to establish a national state on the basis of official religion and political boundaries, the writer has written documents that are linked to the geography which the Safavids sought to achieve in drawing their territorial model.
Educational Science
Rezvan Hosseingholizadeh
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to analyze and critique the content of a historical work entitled The History of Educational Administration Viewed Through Its Textbooks. This book represents the reality of educational administration in a relatively long period of time in the mirror of public textbooks ...
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The main purpose of this article is to analyze and critique the content of a historical work entitled The History of Educational Administration Viewed Through Its Textbooks. This book represents the reality of educational administration in a relatively long period of time in the mirror of public textbooks in this field and is a unique and valuable book by choosing a different tool for reviewing the historical course of educational administration. Therefore, while analyzing the structural, content and methodological features of this historical monument, its strengths and shortcomings were identified and extracted. The most important points in this book are the classification of historical courses in educational administration compared to similar classifications, the use of polysemous words in writing historical courses, ambiguity in distinguishing general and specialized textbooks of educational administration and internal inconsistency of the content of each course. Also, as a result of coping with the text, the quality of the Persian translation of the book was evaluated in terms of replacing the specialized Persian and correct equivalents, text, and psychological text, as well as the rules of writing and editing.
Arabic Language and Literature
Danesh Mohammadi Rakati; Yusef Nazari; Ali Nobahar; Zeinab Shojaei
Abstract
Teaching Arabic language in schools encountered more challenges in comparison to other courses due to cultural and political reasons as well as the families and students’ viewpoints about it. A survey of students’ attitudes towards learning this language would be an effective step in policymaking ...
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Teaching Arabic language in schools encountered more challenges in comparison to other courses due to cultural and political reasons as well as the families and students’ viewpoints about it. A survey of students’ attitudes towards learning this language would be an effective step in policymaking and the compilation of textbooks in this regard. This study used the descriptive-survey method to analyze attitudes toward learning the Arabic language among twelfth-grade students of Kerman in the fields of literature and humanities, experimental sciences, and mathematical sciences. Moreover, this study investigated the attitude differences among the students in three fields of humanities, experimental and mathematical sciences, as well as attitude differences toward learning the Arabic language between the twelfth-grade girl and boy students of Kerman. The sample consisted of 337 girl and boy students studying in twelfth grade in Kerman. The results showed that the attitudes of most of the students in three fields of humanities, experimental sciences, and mathematical sciences towards three variables of interest in learning Arabic, the importance of Arabic course among other courses, and the content of Arabic course were negative; nevertheless, mathematics students showed more interest in learning Arabic in comparison to other students. Girl and boy students’ attitudes did not show any significant differences.
Methodology
Malek Shojaei Jeshvaghani; Seyyed Mohammadtaghi Movahhed Abtahi
Abstract
Although more than two decades have passed since the publication of the first edition of The Logical Relationship between Religion and Applied Sciences, this book is still one of the most coherent and accurate works, showing the position of this intellectual current. The author of the book has tried ...
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Although more than two decades have passed since the publication of the first edition of The Logical Relationship between Religion and Applied Sciences, this book is still one of the most coherent and accurate works, showing the position of this intellectual current. The author of the book has tried to show the position of the Academy of Islamic Sciences on these issues, considering the academic literature on topics such as science, technology, and development. So, this book was regarded for proper introduction and critique. In this article, we have shown that the author of the book does not have much control over the latest controversies in the field of science and religion studies - even in contemporary Iran. Today’s controversy, which has challenged European-Christian hegemony based on the study of science and religion, could open a new space for a different view of the relationship between religion, culture, and technology. Therefore, it is expected that the author will write the second edition of the book, considering the latest achievements of contemporary scientology and theology.
Arabic Language and Literature
Mohsen Seifi; Elham Baboli Bahmeh
Abstract
Semiotics is one of the branches of modern literary criticism in the twentieth century that examines the signs and the relationships between them in literary texts and their function in conveying the message between the author and the reader. The book Aliat al - Tawil al - Sima'iyya by Musa Rabbabiyah ...
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Semiotics is one of the branches of modern literary criticism in the twentieth century that examines the signs and the relationships between them in literary texts and their function in conveying the message between the author and the reader. The book Aliat al - Tawil al - Sima'iyya by Musa Rabbabiyah is one of the works that tries to achieve the following subtle and profound layers of textual construction by passing through some semiotic tools and passing through the superstructure of the text. In the light of the importance of the issue, the present article tries to explain the weaknesses and shortcomings of the desired work in a descriptive - analytical way and with a content critique approach, while examining and stating some of the strengths of this book. The results of the study indicate that this work has been very successful in the first three chapters in the field of metaphor and cryptography as two tools of semiotics and has provided good analyzes by selecting appropriate poetic examples. But, the book’s inconsistency with the content and not directly addressing all semiotic tricks, including paradox, mask, arithmetic, norm-breaking, myth, lack of balance between chapters, and a brief reference to the critique of semiotics in the novel one of the most important shortcomings of this book.
political science
Shahab Dalili
Abstract
Throughout the history of philosophy, there have been questions that the most important of which can be formulated and identified around the concept of justice and freedom. In the twentieth century, the relationship between justice and freedom became more and more important for human societies, and the ...
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Throughout the history of philosophy, there have been questions that the most important of which can be formulated and identified around the concept of justice and freedom. In the twentieth century, the relationship between justice and freedom became more and more important for human societies, and the most important scientific works addressed it. The theory of justice proposed by John Rawls in this regard became the focus of scientific discussions and aroused the concern of politicians. Robert Nozick defended justice as entitlement in Rawls' critique of justice as fairness. They first introduced the welfare state and second the minimal government as eligible for justice in societies. Due to this, other dualities such as individual rights/ collective good, equal status /equal opportunity, need/ merit, etc. were proposed. In this article, after introducing the sections of the book Statelessness, Government and Utopia, an attempt is made to analyze Nozick's criticisms of John Rawls, followed by a critical re-reading of some objections to the idea of entitlement justice and Nozick's minimal government.
Art
Ali Sheikhmehdi; Arsalan Moghadas
Abstract
The book Understand Film Studies aims to equip its reader with necessary concepts for film critique; in this regard, the author describes the definitions of aesthetic and film structure, film genres and documentary, and by giving examples and expressing the basic concepts of each one, it aims to clarify ...
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The book Understand Film Studies aims to equip its reader with necessary concepts for film critique; in this regard, the author describes the definitions of aesthetic and film structure, film genres and documentary, and by giving examples and expressing the basic concepts of each one, it aims to clarify the topics. The author presents 10 different approaches for cinematic studies, and then pays attention to different techniques to create the images. The author also indicates the distinction between realist and formalist theoreticians and argues that both approaches are useful. However, the 10 approaches mentioned in the book do not have enough precision and comprehensiveness for film analysis. The emphasis on Hollywood films and special privileges for the director as auteur, despite the subsequent text-based analysis, reduces the updated content of the book.
Persian Language and Literature
Ghodsieh Rezvanian
Abstract
The book Sociological Research in Modern Persian Fiction is the translation of the book A Study of Recent Persian Prose Fiction with Special Reference to the Social Background written by Reza Navabpour, which is one of the most accurate books on the analysis of contemporary Iranian fiction. By the dialectic ...
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The book Sociological Research in Modern Persian Fiction is the translation of the book A Study of Recent Persian Prose Fiction with Special Reference to the Social Background written by Reza Navabpour, which is one of the most accurate books on the analysis of contemporary Iranian fiction. By the dialectic examination of literature and history, from the Constitution revolution to the 1979 revolution, the author has studied not only major historical events, but also micro-political events with a deep critical looking, and how they have Influenced fiction. Despite the socio-historical approach to contemporary fiction, relying on no sociological theory, but in the method of new historicism critics, it examines contemporary fiction in relation to heterogeneous and conflicting discourses and shows the implicit positions of the text in relation to those discourses. But the characteristics of the translation of the book by Abolghasem Serri; Including the inconsistency of the type of translation with the text and subject of the book, linguistic, structural and content nonchalance, misleading and unpleasant purism, which may inadvertently involve the reader in the language of the text, has led to an inaccurate translation.
Educational Science
Hossein Zangeneh; Zahra Bahrami
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review and criticize the “Multimedia Projects in Education: Design, Producing, and Assessing” book. Therefore, analytical-documentary methods were used. The book was written by Karen S. Ivers and Ann E. Barron in 2010 and translated by Khadijeh Aliabadi and ...
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The purpose of this study was to review and criticize the “Multimedia Projects in Education: Design, Producing, and Assessing” book. Therefore, analytical-documentary methods were used. The book was written by Karen S. Ivers and Ann E. Barron in 2010 and translated by Khadijeh Aliabadi and Esmail Aslani in 2016 and published by Booka Publisher. This paper has been compiled by applying the method of document analysis and reviewing the scope of the book’s merits and shortcomings and reveals that the text has shortcomings in spite of the acceptable consistency with the original text, refinement and fluency, and the availability of specially qualified vocabulary including the lack of designing a teaching-learning strategy and analyzing multiple intelligences during the process of the idea to evaluation, lack of operational and precise strategies for implementing the cooperative learning strategy (collaborative learning), the lack of attention to the details of the steps and activities of each proposed model, lack of attention to the conceptual separation of the flowchart with the content structure and the inability to select some appropriate titles according to the content. The book’s usefulness as a teaching guide for a collaborative multimedia project learning strategy is high as a source of training in electronic content production courses at the undergraduate and even master’s degree courses. Therefore, it is suggested that writers improve their formal, structural, and content defects by resolving them.
Jurisprudence and Law
Hoosein Heirani; Mahdi Hamidi; Mahdi Sahafzade; Mahdieh Nasrini
Abstract
Like most countries with oil and gas reserves, Iran has sought to maximize its domestic share in international oil contracts by adopting different policies and laws. Nevertheless, these policies have always faced challenges in formulating and implementing them, resulting in the failure to fully realize ...
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Like most countries with oil and gas reserves, Iran has sought to maximize its domestic share in international oil contracts by adopting different policies and laws. Nevertheless, these policies have always faced challenges in formulating and implementing them, resulting in the failure to fully realize the goal of enhancing domestic share in international treaties. This article reviews the barriers and challenges of formulating and implementing policies, laws, and regulations to improve internal sharing, and attempts to provide solutions to the identified barriers. The paradigm of this research is interpretive, and it can be considered as an applied research from the objective point of view. The approach of this study is inductive and qualitative, and its database strategy is considered. Data collection is done through library studies, upstream legal analysis and documentation, analysis of semi-open interviews with oil exploration and production companies (E&P), oil contractors and service companies (OSC, EPC), and oil industry equipment makers relying on thematic analysis model. Identification of related challenges and strategies is discussed. The results of this research divide the set of challenges into three categories: macro and executive policy challenges, corporate challenges, and contract and tender challenges.
Jurisprudence and Law
Mehdi Halalkhor Mirkola; Abbas Tadayyon; Rajab Goldoost Joubari
Abstract
The obtaining of evidence is one of the most important and fundamental subjects in Iranian criminal law and the International Criminal Court. According to it, without evidence, it is not possible to detect a crime and attribute the crime to the accused and to execute punishment and acquit the perpetrator. ...
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The obtaining of evidence is one of the most important and fundamental subjects in Iranian criminal law and the International Criminal Court. According to it, without evidence, it is not possible to detect a crime and attribute the crime to the accused and to execute punishment and acquit the perpetrator. Among the most important principles governing the obtaining of evidence in Iranian criminal law and the International Criminal Court, we can name the principle of legitimacy of obtaining of evidence, the presumption of innocence, the principle of free evaluation of evidence, the principle of freedom of obtaining of evidence, and the principle of legality of evidence that non-observance of these principles and obtaining of evidence through illegitimate ways is not only against human rights and the dignity of humans and the administrators of justice but also causes a reversal of the verdict in the Court of Appeal. Although there are no clear provisions in Iranian criminal law in this regard, in the procedure of the International Criminal Court, non-observance of those principles is one of the reasons for the invalidity of the investigation process. This article tries to deal with different aspects of this subject and provide solutions to that.
Sociology
Naser Sedghi
Abstract
The study of the concept of Iran and national identity in relation to the issue of the ethnic and linguistic diversity of Iranian society is the main subject of the book “Iran in five narratives”. In the opinion of the author, our understanding of a phenomenon called Iran is a theoretical ...
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The study of the concept of Iran and national identity in relation to the issue of the ethnic and linguistic diversity of Iranian society is the main subject of the book “Iran in five narratives”. In the opinion of the author, our understanding of a phenomenon called Iran is a theoretical and philosophical structure, not a fixed and permanent concept. Therefore, existing understandings of national identity and Iranianness can be criticized. By referring to the ethnic-linguistic and geographical diversity of Iranian society, the author seeks to provide a pluralistic reading of the concept of Iran and national identity. Criticizing the reductionist nationalist discourse, he considers Iranianness and national identity as a category beyond the single element of being Aryan and Persian. he believes that all Iranian ethnic groups and languages such as Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish, Baluchi, and Turkmen should be considered Iranian and based on that, the concept of Iran and national dignity should be redefined. Based on such a view, the author reviews and critiques the "narratives" of Shari’ati, Motahhari, Al-Ahmad, Zarrinkoob and Maskoob about the concept of Iran, national identity and the issue of linguistic diversity. In the present study, based on the method of qualitative content analysis, the narrations of the mentioned thinkers about Iran and national identity have been presented based on the author's reading and then the author's views on the concept of Iran and national identity have been studied. In the final discussion, the shortcomings of the book of Iran in Five Narratives are stated.
Arabic Language and Literature
Zahra Hadavi Khalil-Abad; Hosein Imanian; Ali Bashiri
Abstract
More than being a “tool” for translating knowledge and awareness from one language to another, translation is a “process” for reflecting cultural and social concepts. To improve the quality of such reflection, new perspectives on translation, linguistics, and discourse can be ...
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More than being a “tool” for translating knowledge and awareness from one language to another, translation is a “process” for reflecting cultural and social concepts. To improve the quality of such reflection, new perspectives on translation, linguistics, and discourse can be used. One of the new perspectives on translation is the proposal of the Spanish Carmen Garcés (1994), which has four levels: “semantic-lexical”, “syntactic-word-constructive”, “discourse-functional” and “stylistic-practical”. With the help of these four levels, it is possible to investigate the increase, maintenance, and decrease the original text information in the translated text. By counting the positive and negative features of translation, the adequacy and acceptability of translation are also evaluated in this theory. In the following article, based on this theory, we critique the translation of Habibullah Abbasi from the book Sufism and Surrealism written by Adonis. Although the translator has increased the volume of the translated text by adopting the method of “synonymy” and bringing more or fewer captions, according to the criteria set by Garcés, his translation has the feature of preserving the information of the source text. In spite of the criticisms that can be leveled at the translator's method of translating terms and the type of word-for-word translation, in general, his translation has a degree of adequacy and acceptability as stated in Garcés’ theory.
Persian Language and Literature
Arash Amraei
Abstract
Divan of Kaqani has been famous among researchers and litterateurs for being difficult and rare since long ago; hence it has been noticed more by researchers and exegetes with respect to other classic Persian poets’ literature. Also, numerous exegeses have been written to the entire divan or to ...
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Divan of Kaqani has been famous among researchers and litterateurs for being difficult and rare since long ago; hence it has been noticed more by researchers and exegetes with respect to other classic Persian poets’ literature. Also, numerous exegeses have been written to the entire divan or to a portion of it. One of those exegeses interpreting a portion of this divan is a book named “ATASH ANDAR CHANG”. This book is written by Mahdi Mahouzi and is published by Zavvar publications in 340 pages. In this article, we are going to criticize this book in a scientific and critical way. Moreover, we will discuss subjects such as the haste in preparing and publishing this book, incorrect extracting, the introduction of irrelevant subjects, and the use of others’ works without making reference to them. In conclusion, we get the result that the book under debate is one of the weak and unscientific works and it is necessary to take action to amend the mentioned items.
Methodology
Mojtaba Shariati
Abstract
The variety of methodological studies in the field of politics, the emergence of post-positivism in the modern age, and the conflicts with positivism make clear the importance of criticizing this work. The importance of evaluating this book is also attributed to the fact that this textbook has been used ...
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The variety of methodological studies in the field of politics, the emergence of post-positivism in the modern age, and the conflicts with positivism make clear the importance of criticizing this work. The importance of evaluating this book is also attributed to the fact that this textbook has been used as a resource for political science students at three academic levels. This article is an attempt to provide a framework for reforming it in the future by reviewing one of the most important educational writings in the field of political science methodology and expressing its strengths and weaknesses. The method of critique of the work is citation-analytical, which has been done in the general framework of work presentation, form criticism, and content criticism. The results indicate that the book in question, although it has strengths in its content, has many drawbacks in form. It is mentioned in the form of articulated tables. Methodological explanations of different theories in different sections, printing, and proper layout are the most important content and form advantages of this work. Lack of sufficient and comprehensive attention to some of the new theories, weaknesses in the critical introduction of existing methodologies, and a multitude of typographical errors are the form and content weaknesses of the book.
Arabic Language and Literature
Aliasghar Shahbazi
Abstract
Al-Sharia Al-Arabiya, a book written by Adonis, is one of his works dealing with critique, published almost thirty years ago. Despite its small size, the book encompasses integrated information about the nature of Arabic poetry and its evolution through history. The author meticulously explores Arabic ...
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Al-Sharia Al-Arabiya, a book written by Adonis, is one of his works dealing with critique, published almost thirty years ago. Despite its small size, the book encompasses integrated information about the nature of Arabic poetry and its evolution through history. The author meticulously explores Arabic poetry and discusses its foundations from the perspective of ancient critics and orators. The four chapters of the book include subjects on origins of Arabic poetry, identity of rhythm and music of poetry, analysis of aesthetic issues and their connection with Qur'anic research, and struggle between tradition and modernity. The Persian version of the book, published under the title ‘Boutigha-ye Arabi’, is one of the most recent works by Adonis translated into Persian. The book is translated by Amir Abu Sassani and Omid Pourhassan by Amir Kabir Publications in 2018. The analysis of the translation of the book shows that despite some grammatical errors and inaccuracies in choosing equivalents, the translators have provided a proper translation, transmitting the message and the content fluently and expressively. Adding diacritical marks to the Quranic verses as well as lines and words in the poems and including a list of sources and indexes in the final part of the translation are the advantages of the book. However, with respect to the translation, inconsistency in using equivalents, collocational clashes, and improper omissions at the word level are some of the weak points.
Economy
Hojjatollah Sadeqi
Abstract
The financial crisis of 2007-2008 has been the subject of research in different ways. The role of quantitative models and mathematical theories in the occurrence of this crisis and the other complications that such models cause in financial markets is the main theme of the book Lecturing Birds on Flying. ...
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The financial crisis of 2007-2008 has been the subject of research in different ways. The role of quantitative models and mathematical theories in the occurrence of this crisis and the other complications that such models cause in financial markets is the main theme of the book Lecturing Birds on Flying. By explaining the role of the educational system in creating a gap between theory and practice and the role of Quants in promoting and applying quantitative and computational models, the author gives a different account of the causes of financial crises. In this article, while examining the form and content of this work, by analyzing the theme as well as textual analysis techniques, the most important themes of this work as well as its foundations and place in the texts of financial knowledge are reviewed. Criticism of models such as value at risk, option pricing model, and copula functions has shown their contribution to bankruptcies and crises and has suggested that reform of the management and economics education system would make the financial models more realistic.
Persian Language and Literature
Mostafa Dashti Ahangar
Abstract
Structuralism and poststructuralism are two of the most important and influential approaches in the humanities of the 20th century. These two approaches are raised in response to the special situation in philosophy and humanities, so they have to be paid attention to. The main question of this article ...
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Structuralism and poststructuralism are two of the most important and influential approaches in the humanities of the 20th century. These two approaches are raised in response to the special situation in philosophy and humanities, so they have to be paid attention to. The main question of this article is to survey of benefits and weaknesses in this book by the critical, descriptive method. It should be noted that this study was conducted in accordance with structuralist and poststructuralist theories, and this book has been studied in three phases: Methodological, formal, and content review phase. The books in this field, usually, are translated into the Persian language, but this book is an essay, so the purpose of this article is to review this book as an essay book. The most important value of this book is the novelty of the subject. Also, this book has its drawbacks of writing issues and punctuation. Great emphasis on philosophical issues, the extension of the opinion of structuralists and poststructuralists in different contexts of humanities, failure to the presentation of historical philosophy content properly, redundant repetition and inconsistency, are the other flaws in the book include.
Philosophy
Maryam Saneapour
Abstract
This article scrutinies the book, entitled 50 Key Concepts in Gender Studies by Pilcher, Jane, and Whelehan, Imelda. The book provides an authoritative account of gender studies – what it is and how it originated. The author of this article has chosen the book because in Iran, there are many ...
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This article scrutinies the book, entitled 50 Key Concepts in Gender Studies by Pilcher, Jane, and Whelehan, Imelda. The book provides an authoritative account of gender studies – what it is and how it originated. The author of this article has chosen the book because in Iran, there are many questions about gender studies, so it is necessary to analyze its key concepts. Then the author inquires about some of the gender concepts in Islamic – Persian tradition. Then she introduces ten principles for global dialogue including the Persian language is none gender; equality of rights for women and men, gender justice, unity of matter and mind, synergistic of male and female in family, gender and syberic world, axial unity in gender and sexual communications, the authenticity of mercy, caring and maternal ethics, none gender of management jobs, human unit criterion for gender and sexual assessment.
Educational Science
Rouhollah Shahabi
Abstract
In Iran, Educational Sciences began as an academic discipline in 1932, but, the essential questions here are, “what was the historical context of the establishment of educational sciences as a discipline in Iran?” and “what process did it go through to reach the stage of quantitative ...
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In Iran, Educational Sciences began as an academic discipline in 1932, but, the essential questions here are, “what was the historical context of the establishment of educational sciences as a discipline in Iran?” and “what process did it go through to reach the stage of quantitative development?” It seems that the formation of educational sciences in Iran has taken place on the basis of historical factors including a) The Founding of Darul-Fonun, b) The Socio-cultural changes during the period between the founding of Dar ul-Fonun and the Persian Constitutional Revolution, c) The Persian Constitutional Revolution, and d) Sending of students to Europe. As a result of these, Educational Sciences in Iran was not rooted in traditional educational institutions and not rely on our legal and philosophical heritage. Educational sciences in Iran, were only able to emerge from the channel of professional provision (ie, teacher education) and to accept itself in our traditional society, perhaps if it had another path of emergence, it would have faced resistance. After emerging in such a context, Educational Sciences have undergone special historical periods to reach the stage of quantitative development that was discussed.
political science
Tayebe Domanlou
Abstract
The New Left Thinkers is undoubtedly one of the most controversial and newsworthy works of the late English philosopher, Roger Scruton, which has been published in recent decades as a critique of the new left thinkers. Scruton analyzed, and critiqued the most important contemporary philosophers in the ...
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The New Left Thinkers is undoubtedly one of the most controversial and newsworthy works of the late English philosopher, Roger Scruton, which has been published in recent decades as a critique of the new left thinkers. Scruton analyzed, and critiqued the most important contemporary philosophers in the last decades, aimed to decrypt the new speak of the left discourse. The most common aspect between these thinkers, more than anything else, is the distance from the right discourse. By critical reading, Scruton tried to simplify the idea, complex language, and complicated theories of the New Left. He wanted to show how these ideas were emerged in emotional reaction to the historical events of their time, and actually they were rooted in the human’s need for faith and belief in something. Although criticizing the mainstream of Scruton’s time is a courageous subject, special and scares, and we can admire Scruton for doing this, in final analysis of this work, I must say Scruton argued and criticized the new left in a way that he should be criticized too. In the other word we can criticize Scruton as the same point that he criticized and accused the new left. Regardless of the content of his arguments, as the methodological view, his approach to these texts is selective, unscientific and emotional. By critical reviewing of this book, I try to prove my claim about the selective and emotional approach of Scruton in this article. Without arguing the content of his discussions, as far as possible, I show that the value-based approach and believing in single truth, and anger and hated of the Left and the New Left are the basis of his argument in criticizing the personality of thinkers, selecting and describing their theory and finally Seizure as he desired the argument. He argued in the same way and the same style that he claimed the New Left did it.
Art
Alireza Taheri; Batool Maazallahi
Abstract
This article is an attempt to criticize “How Can Art Change Your Life” by Alain de Botton and John Armstrong. The foundations of this book rely on Dewey’s emphasis on restoring the link between the experience of aesthetics and ordinary life. According to Dewey’s pragmatic ...
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This article is an attempt to criticize “How Can Art Change Your Life” by Alain de Botton and John Armstrong. The foundations of this book rely on Dewey’s emphasis on restoring the link between the experience of aesthetics and ordinary life. According to Dewey’s pragmatic thought, if we put art away and then glorified it, or if we were only engaged in the task of choosing the great works of art, and merely reviewing them, we would have to understand the “role of art”. In civilization, we will be weakened. The authors of the book try to descend from the level of the description of art in a situation far from the experience of human life and formulate it in a practical and practical structure. By explaining the problems of the audience in dealing with art, they explain that art as a tool will be able to act as an effective tool against many of the hardships of the contemporary era, both in the private sphere and at the general level.
