Arabic Language and Literature
Fatemeh Ghaderi
Abstract
By definition, criticism is the task of examining the validity of a work of art or literature. Like other disciplines, it is based on specific rules and regulations. Once a work is criticized, its strengths and weakneses are revealed. In this regard, ‘Azf Ala Vatar el-Nas ol-Sheri’ (Playing ...
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By definition, criticism is the task of examining the validity of a work of art or literature. Like other disciplines, it is based on specific rules and regulations. Once a work is criticized, its strengths and weakneses are revealed. In this regard, ‘Azf Ala Vatar el-Nas ol-Sheri’ (Playing the Strings of Poetry) by Omar Mohammad al-Talib is evaluated as a book that seeks to grasp the content through the text analysis. The analysis is conducted by sticking to various aspects of literary criticism and avoiding theoretical subjects. The present study aims to evaluate the book for its strengths and weak points in an objective and unbiased manner. The research method is descriptive for the structure and descriptive-analytical for the content of the book. As the results of the content analysis indicate, the author’s goal is successfully fulfilled. In structural terms, however, the book is beset with certain shortcomings, which the author and the publisher are advised to mend.
political science
Reza Nasiri Hamed
Abstract
The contemporary identity of Iranians in relation to their past as well as their interaction with global relations and at the same time its connection with development, has been the subject of various discussions among thinkers. In the book Thought and Thinking, "Farhang Rajaei" inspired by the "The ...
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The contemporary identity of Iranians in relation to their past as well as their interaction with global relations and at the same time its connection with development, has been the subject of various discussions among thinkers. In the book Thought and Thinking, "Farhang Rajaei" inspired by the "The Law of World Governance Reason" in Letter of Tansar as a theoretical basis and equivalent to the principles of political science in the current world, has addressed reflections of thinkers from Iran and the world. His main concern is the pathology of the current situation governing the intellectual relations of Iranians and providing a way to play an active role in relations between countries so that they can achieve what is called playing in politics. To this end, he uses the past intellectual heritage try to suggest a link between thought and action that serves humanization and, in a sense in a dynamic and, of course, the endless process in which, in his opinion, even the so-called developed world countries are in the middle of that. The present paper, while reflecting on the above work, discusses some of the questions that arise from the author's concerns. However, the author's commendable effort in terms of the possibility of compatibility between the various components of the idea also has some points that will be mentioned.
Archaeology
Yaser Malekzadeh; Sorour Khorashadi
Abstract
The Roman historian Tacitus’ s Book of Annals is an important historical source on the history of the Parthians and their neighbors. Although Mirsaidi’s, the translator, main focus is on Roman history, this book also has some very important mentions on the role of the Parthians and ...
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The Roman historian Tacitus’ s Book of Annals is an important historical source on the history of the Parthians and their neighbors. Although Mirsaidi’s, the translator, main focus is on Roman history, this book also has some very important mentions on the role of the Parthians and their subordinate lands, but they were not translated. In this work, a comparative study was conducted between the original English version of the book and its Persian translation to examine the accuracy of the content of the Persian translation. The authors have tried to review the translation of the book after introducing the main gist of the book and some of its important non-Persian editions and subsequently comparing these translations with its English translation. This reminds the value and/or issues related to the work, along with an emphasis on some neglected points in the Persian translation. The writers of this article have translated some parts of the book, which relates to Parthian history in Iberia and Armenia. Iranian and Parthian houses played an important role in these lands. These parts are not in the Mirsa’idi’s translation, but their history was in association with Parthian history in Persia.
Jurisprudence and Law
Hossein Qashqaee
Abstract
A critical study on works that have scientific content will lead to the growth and development in a field of knowledge. Having a right understanding of legal articles depends on referring to the original texts from those laws that have been enacted. One major shortcoming of this book is that only some ...
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A critical study on works that have scientific content will lead to the growth and development in a field of knowledge. Having a right understanding of legal articles depends on referring to the original texts from those laws that have been enacted. One major shortcoming of this book is that only some minor religious sources were pointed out to interpret a legal article, while to review a legal article, it is essential to see all the documents and resources, or all legal reasons should be investigated. At least, well-known fatwas available at the time of the law must be examined because it can be considerably helpful. Foundations and presuppositions of any legal article are appropriate with a legal system, and for the interpretation of every legal article, the special legal system should be considered and examined.
Philosophy
Aziz Najafpour Aghabigloo
Abstract
Cyberspace, despite its emergence, has brought about serious changes in Iranian society, and this has led Muslim thinkers to pay more serious attention to its nature. Philosophical reflection on cyberspace is one of the approaches that has recently been considered by thinkers and is a kind of complement ...
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Cyberspace, despite its emergence, has brought about serious changes in Iranian society, and this has led Muslim thinkers to pay more serious attention to its nature. Philosophical reflection on cyberspace is one of the approaches that has recently been considered by thinkers and is a kind of complement and even the basis of scientific reflection on cyberspace in order to be able to explain, predict and prescribe based on which. Therefore, cyberspace policy-making in Iran desperately needs philosophical attention and consequently the distinction and explanation of the autonomous philosophical approach. As in the study of cyberspace, we are faced with dimensions such as information and communication technology, cybernetics, artificial intelligence, computing, etc. In the same way, in philosophical reflection on cyberspace, these dimensions must be addressed. The work that has been considered in the book Philosophy of Cyberspace and in this article, we have reviewed and evaluated the book in order to do this important thing.
Methodology
Seyed Mohammad Taghi Movahed Abtahi
Abstract
Lack of theory is among the main challenges of Islamic social sciences. Some experts have attempted to theorize by suggesting philosophical and methodological subjects. The book “Theorizing in Islamic Economy, Analyzing the Possibility of scientific Theorizing in Islamic Economy and ...
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Lack of theory is among the main challenges of Islamic social sciences. Some experts have attempted to theorize by suggesting philosophical and methodological subjects. The book “Theorizing in Islamic Economy, Analyzing the Possibility of scientific Theorizing in Islamic Economy and its Methodology” is written by Hassan Agha Nazari for active students and researchers in Islamic Economy. In this book, the author strives to employ both the theories of philosophy of science, Islamic science philosophy, and Islamic teachings to produce a theory in Islamic Economy. This article describes and evaluates the main idea of the book, namely the method of scientific theorization of Islamic Economy. In spite of the critiques of form and content, it is advisable that major modifications be required in the form and content of the book in the subsequent editions. Moreover, by drawing on the latest developments in the philosophy of science, Islamic science philosophy, and Islamic teachings, it can make a robust theorization in Islamic economy.
Archaeology
Elham Ghasidian
Abstract
In his book Stone Tools in Human Evolution, Behavioural Differences among Technological Primates, John Shea focuses on a new framework for analyzing stone tools to answer questions related to the evolution of human behavior. Although stone tools have great potential for understanding human evolution, ...
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In his book Stone Tools in Human Evolution, Behavioural Differences among Technological Primates, John Shea focuses on a new framework for analyzing stone tools to answer questions related to the evolution of human behavior. Although stone tools have great potential for understanding human evolution, the traditional archaeological approaches in analysis, biased our understanding on human evolution through them. Shea emphasizes that archaeologists must change their traditional approach and find new ways to study human evolution and behavior based on stone tools. This novel method will bring together palaeoanthropologists, palaeogeneticists and archaeologists and lead to a better understanding of the human behavior and evolution. The present paper tries to evaluate this new approach and see how close it is to achieve this goal. Reviewing the book shows that there is still a long way to go to understand human behavior and evolution through the study of stone tools. The book ends with many open questions, leaving readers wondering whether the author was able to tackle the traditional archaeological approach which Shea himself has been critical of throughout the book.
Educational Science
Alireza Assareh; Ali Rahbar
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to criticize the book “Can Education Change Society?” written by Michael Apple in 2013. It was translated by Nazanin Mirzabaki (1395). This study reviews a critical tradition in the field of curriculum and educational studies. The research method and type ...
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The purpose of this study is to criticize the book “Can Education Change Society?” written by Michael Apple in 2013. It was translated by Nazanin Mirzabaki (1395). This study reviews a critical tradition in the field of curriculum and educational studies. The research method and type of study are applied. In the first and second editions of the book, one of the strengths of the book was the attempt to link political movements around the world to create changes, although the writer, translator, and editor did a great job. Some of the textual and translation mistakes have led to criticism of the author and translator’s scientific approach. Perhaps the most important criticism of the author is the lack of use of scientific instruments, such as practice, charts, and pictures.
political science
Hamid Malekzadeh; Ahmad Khaleghi damghani
Abstract
In this essay, we have tried to study the form and content of the book Against Liberalism, to show that John Kekes’s work is suffering from a kind of theoretical trap that runs throughout his book. In doing so, we have followed a textualist standpoint by which we aimed to highlight the main framework ...
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In this essay, we have tried to study the form and content of the book Against Liberalism, to show that John Kekes’s work is suffering from a kind of theoretical trap that runs throughout his book. In doing so, we have followed a textualist standpoint by which we aimed to highlight the main framework of Kekes’s understanding of liberalism. We explained that his understanding of liberalism is fundamentally affected by his conservatism standpoint. This affection is the main source of what we call Kekes’s theoretical trap. The theoretical trap that ultimately leads the author to a misunderstanding on his goal, which is to present a coherent critique of liberalism, and turns his work into rhetorical statements in political debates. We have tried, as far as possible, to refrain from using any personal views on politics in this paper, especially in the face of liberalism and conservatism. John Kekes’s book is, in general, and in terms of scientific validity and the importance of the contribution to the subject area, has a very low validity and quality.
Sociology
Khadijeh Keshavarz
Abstract
Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction by Rosemarie Tong and translated by Manizeh Najm-e araghi is a publication that offers us a clear and comprehensible understanding of the core feminist traditions. In this book, the author addresses seven feminist movements: liberal feminism, Marxist ...
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Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction by Rosemarie Tong and translated by Manizeh Najm-e araghi is a publication that offers us a clear and comprehensible understanding of the core feminist traditions. In this book, the author addresses seven feminist movements: liberal feminism, Marxist feminism, radical feminism, psychoanalytic feminism, socialist feminism, existentialist feminism, and postmodern feminism. This article seeks to show how informative and inspiring this book might be for the Iranian intellectual and scientific community. Tong’s publication is an important and popular figure in the English-speaking world and has the necessary coherence in terms of logical order. It is well structured and the Persian translation is smooth and fluid. Taking into account that the book was first published in 1989; the translated version leaves out some important feminist approaches. It lacks the proper structure of academic books, but in the absence of translations of other prominent feminist theory books, it is a useful resource for students and researchers in the fields of social sciences, philosophy, and women's studies. We hope that the editor of the Persian version takes into account the last English edition of the book (2017) and presents it to the readers in its next Persian editions.
Jurisprudence and Law
SayyedFazlolah Mousavi; Naser Bagheri Moghaddam; Ghazaleh Taheri Attar; Sayyed Mahdi Cheheltani; Meysam Davari
Abstract
Observance of the rights of citizens and pursuing their problems is one of the essential duties of governments. Today, no country can afford the necessary support to pursue the rights of its citizens. This becomes even more important when the rights of citizens of one country are violated by other countries ...
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Observance of the rights of citizens and pursuing their problems is one of the essential duties of governments. Today, no country can afford the necessary support to pursue the rights of its citizens. This becomes even more important when the rights of citizens of one country are violated by other countries or violated in international conflicts. For analyzing this violation, in the first part of this article, the activities of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran up to this date will be examined. In the second part, the outlined approaches for legal follow up of the case of the chemicals are summarized, and in the third part, the policy implications of their follow up based on the policy cycle model are explained, and the role of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the private sector in each stage of the policy division for legal prosecution of this case will be elaborated. Finally, by using the case study method, the legal requirements for legal follow-up of this case are outlined, and necessary policy strategies will be developed to succeed in this special case.
political science
Elham Rasooli saniabadi
Abstract
Foreign policy analysis, as one of the important subfields of international relations knowledge, has become a living and current discussion in the scientific circles of international relations in the last decades of the 21st century and relatively important literature has been produced in this field. ...
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Foreign policy analysis, as one of the important subfields of international relations knowledge, has become a living and current discussion in the scientific circles of international relations in the last decades of the 21st century and relatively important literature has been produced in this field. Foreign policy analysis is the study of the management and implementation of relations between various actors, especially states, in the international system, which covers a wide range of topics. Among these issues, it is very important to study the decision-making process and the role of internal and external possibilities and constraints in this process. In this article, we will review one of the published books in this field entitled " Social Forces Behavior in Foreign Policy". This review is organized into four sections: expressing the advantages of form and content and expressing the shortcomings of form and content. This research is critical analytical research with a text analysis approach.
Art
Sara Sadeghinia
Abstract
Ajā'ib al-Makhlūqāt is one of the illustrated manuscripts available in the Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi. This book was written by Qazvini in the encyclopedic order in the seventh century AH. This research has selected version 35212 from among three illustrated copies available in Astan Quds ...
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Ajā'ib al-Makhlūqāt is one of the illustrated manuscripts available in the Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi. This book was written by Qazvini in the encyclopedic order in the seventh century AH. This research has selected version 35212 from among three illustrated copies available in Astan Quds library and has examined its human-icon from among the icons. In the selected version, 23 images belong to human-images, which are classified into two categories. The first category consists of male or female constellations that appear in the period and have a natural structure, and the second category is imaginary creatures derived from myths and folk tales in the form of a combination of human-animal is depicted. The paintings are drawn in the style of the Jalayri School. Although the school was influenced by Chinese painting, it took on Iranian culture and, in addition to innovation, played an important role in the development of the Herat school, which was the pinnacle of Iranian painting. In this research, an attempt is made to investigate the degree of adaptation of the text with the drawings in the selected version. The research has a descriptive-analytical method and has been done through documentary and field research. The results show that the illustrations serve the text and help the reader to identify the text's descriptions and understand them better. Wherever the artist feels the need to break the boundary between fantasy and reality, the images are more appealing. The figures are all facing west and east, with none facing each other. The figures are usually in a frame that separates them from the text.
Jurisprudence and Law
Roohollah Kohan Hoosh Nejad; Mohammad Hossein Altamimi
Abstract
This paper reviews the book “Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) of Oil and Gas”, and provides a critical view on the content of the book. The emphasis of the author for writing the book is to make the MA and PhD students of “Oil and Gas Law”, “Energy Law” and “Oil ...
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This paper reviews the book “Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) of Oil and Gas”, and provides a critical view on the content of the book. The emphasis of the author for writing the book is to make the MA and PhD students of “Oil and Gas Law”, “Energy Law” and “Oil and Gas Contracts” and other interested people be familiar with basic concepts and foundations of “Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) of Oil and Gas” and give them access to short and simple texts in this regard. Although the book has tried to fill the gap mentioned in the goal for writing the script, it has failed so far as chosen texts and their arrangement do not have a suitable relation with oil and gas law and contracts, and it seems that review and reorganization of the script in such a way that the reader can understand the relationship between the chosen texts and oil and gas law and contracts help to increase the coherence of the book.
Arabic Language and Literature
Sayyed Esmaeil Ghasemi Musavi
Abstract
There is a lack of books in Arabic language translation studies in the field of translation theories; therefore, there is an absolute need to write new books and critics available books. “Derasat fi Nazariyat Al-Tarjomah Fi Daow Al-Khobrat BE Aal-Loqhat Al-Arabiat” written by Mehmed Kico ...
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There is a lack of books in Arabic language translation studies in the field of translation theories; therefore, there is an absolute need to write new books and critics available books. “Derasat fi Nazariyat Al-Tarjomah Fi Daow Al-Khobrat BE Aal-Loqhat Al-Arabiat” written by Mehmed Kico and translated into Arabic by Jamal Al-Din Syed Mohammad is one of that sources. This book is important not only because of its subject. The author is an Arabic-Bosnian translator, and it has been written without focusing on Western European languages, including English, and French in translation theories. The present article analyzes this book in an analytical method and attempts to examine its form, content, and its abality to be teached in Arabic traanslation studies principle. The most important results of this paper are the importance of the subject and the viewpoint of the writer, expressesing issues in translation theories, a notation to issues of translation from/into Arabic, diminish of Eurocentric perspective in concepts, use of numerous and various sources. The weaknesses also include overlapping of some content, lack of education and learning outcomes, not referring to some of the important topics in translation studies such as evaluating translation quality, and discourse analysis.
Management and Policy Making
Mohammad Sheikhzadeh
Abstract
One of the serious harms of management education in Iran is the weakness of the content of textbooks and the lack of attention to the practical dimension and skill-building in writing them. The purpose of this article is to review and compare management textbooks in the field of organizational behavior ...
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One of the serious harms of management education in Iran is the weakness of the content of textbooks and the lack of attention to the practical dimension and skill-building in writing them. The purpose of this article is to review and compare management textbooks in the field of organizational behavior at home and abroad. After reviewing various books on organizational behavior that are taught in management schools in the country and abroad, four common textbook titles , two domestic book titles from SAMT Publication and two foreign book titles from McGrawHill Higher Education Publication were selected. Then by using the comparative case study method, the similarity and difference of these four books were analyzed and compared based on appearance and content indicators. The research findings show that the two domestic textbooks are mainly written with a theoretical approach and their content is not up to date, while the two foreign textbooks are compiled with a practical and skill-building approach and have flexible, up-to-date and integrated content. Then, the content of one of these books (as a benchmark) was examined in more detail. Finally, a framework for compiling and reviewing management textbooks in Iran was presented.
Management and Policy Making
Saeed Azadeh; Ali Akbai Farhangi; Seyed Mohammad Zahedi
Abstract
According to the concept of trust in management since the 1980s and over the last few decades, different angles and approaches have been studied. Trust is an essential factor for individual and organizational success. Trust among individuals and employees is a result of stability, unity, and intra-organizational ...
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According to the concept of trust in management since the 1980s and over the last few decades, different angles and approaches have been studied. Trust is an essential factor for individual and organizational success. Trust among individuals and employees is a result of stability, unity, and intra-organizational cohesion, performance upgrades the efficiency and effectiveness of groups and grounds of cooperation, participation, and communication. This study aimed to design a model of intera-organizational trust through collective action in the education of Tehran. This research is applied research in terms of purpose and is survey-exploratory and qualitative research. The population of the study consisted of senior managers of the department of education in Tehran university professors, and advisors, who were interviewed in depth. The selection of experts and interviews with them continued until theoretical saturation and then stopped. In this research, since the grounded theory method was used, the main tool for data collection was in-depth interviews with experts. Finally, after three open, axial and selective coding, the conceptual model of research was designed. So far, no study has been done on this connection in the department of education in Tehran. This model is classified as causal, axial, contextual, strategic, and consequential variables. The findings showed that education of Tehran, in order to enhance intera-organizational trust, can leverage the collective action within and between layers of the structure of your organization.
Persian Language and Literature
Hashem Sadeghi Mohsenabad; Akbar Heidariyan
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the descriptive glossary of Khaghani Sherwani’s book of poems written by Rasoul Chehrghani. Successful glossaries, to some extent, have been published about Khaghani Sherwani’s book of poems, before this work. Thus, this glossary has tried to make some new ...
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This study aimed to investigate the descriptive glossary of Khaghani Sherwani’s book of poems written by Rasoul Chehrghani. Successful glossaries, to some extent, have been published about Khaghani Sherwani’s book of poems, before this work. Thus, this glossary has tried to make some new points on ignored issues in previous glossaries and shed elucidatory light on the complex poems. In addition to discussing the general features of this work and analyzing its structural features, its merits, drawbacks, and content requirements were also analyzed. The book under study was analyzed for the content mistakes at two levels: structural and formal analysis. Moreover, it was found that the reliability of the work under study was significantly decreased due to disregard for new research findings, the lack of consideration of some punctuation marks, incorrect entries, inconsistencies of entries and descriptions, the lack of use of primary sources, and mistakes as a result of the hasty publication process. Finally, some suggestions were made to improve the quality of the book.
Methodology
Seyed Hossein Mirjalili
Abstract
Danny Rodrik’s “Economics Rules” is a book on the methodology of economics that addresses the do’s and don’ts of modeling in economics because, in his view, models make economics a science. Rodrik’s main point in this book is that different social environments require ...
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Danny Rodrik’s “Economics Rules” is a book on the methodology of economics that addresses the do’s and don’ts of modeling in economics because, in his view, models make economics a science. Rodrik’s main point in this book is that different social environments require different models, and economists mistake a model with the model. The method of analysis in this review article is analytical, and the aim is to evaluate the content of the book from the perspective of economic methodology. Some challenging issues in the book include ambiguity and amphibology in the title of the book, model reductionism, diversity of models of economic schools, non-model fields of economics, being scientific by method, ambiguity in the concept of critical assumptions, horizontal or vertical progress of economics in macroeconomics, the problem of economics or economists, and the application of Rodrick’s method in the DSGE model in macroeconomics.
Archaeology
Reza Mehrafarin; Shahin Aryamanesh
Abstract
One of the goddesses figures, used in the works of the Parthian and Sasanian periods, is the Greek goddess Nike figure. This goddess figure has been used in the Parthian period on Parthian coins and rock reliefs. In Sasanian era goddess Nike has also been depicted on some rock reliefs. Various views ...
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One of the goddesses figures, used in the works of the Parthian and Sasanian periods, is the Greek goddess Nike figure. This goddess figure has been used in the Parthian period on Parthian coins and rock reliefs. In Sasanian era goddess Nike has also been depicted on some rock reliefs. Various views have been expressed about these figures, as some believe that the Parthians with using Greeks iconography, depict the Iranian goddess. So described the Nike goddess in the Parthian period was identical with the Ashi and Vanand. However, the kingdom, as Vologases I, made an outstanding contribution to rebuilding Iranian culture and religions when it came to reign and also tried to eliminate the cultural remains of Greek in Iran. According to the book of Denkard at the time of Vologases, the Avesta text was collected and the Greek names of the cities were renamed by Iranian names. For the first time, he also used the Parthian Pahlavi line and fire-altar on his coins, maybe because of the fact that he removed the figure of Nike goddess from his coins. The authors of this paper deal with the figure of Nike goddess among the Greeks and the Seleucid and the Parthian period. Then they examine the views about Nike Goddess expressed on it in Iranian culture. They continue to conclude that the figure of Nike goddess in the Parthian period was not identical with the Ashi and Vanand. For this reason, Vologases I, eliminated the figure of Nike goddess from his coins during his reign with the goal of Persianism and the abandonment of non-Iranian symbols.
Information Science and Epistemology
Gholamreza Fadaie
Abstract
The book entitled “Scientometrics Epistemology” has been published in Medium octavo format with 6 chapters and 240 pages. It includes the list of contents, figures, and references, with no index. In this article, the above-mentioned book is criticized, and the critic, while explaining ...
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The book entitled “Scientometrics Epistemology” has been published in Medium octavo format with 6 chapters and 240 pages. It includes the list of contents, figures, and references, with no index. In this article, the above-mentioned book is criticized, and the critic, while explaining the position of scientometrics, states that scientometrics is originally related to counting, measuring, and representation, and the discussion of creating or relating epistemology to it is not sufficiently justified. The book has been written based on the library method. Scientometrics is actually a technique and method that serve evaluation, which is, in turn, related to management. Naturally, every human being and then research and educational organizations have tried to expand scientometrics and created indicators to compare scientific products based on quantity in order to determine their degree of importance, which is not unrelated to economic and managerial issues.
political science
Aliashraf Nazari
Abstract
In global societies whose issues have affected all aspects of private and public life, we are witnessing the spread of populist and specialist processes. On the one hand, we are witnessing growing universalism and homogeneity, and on the other, identity groups in the form of particularism and construct ...
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In global societies whose issues have affected all aspects of private and public life, we are witnessing the spread of populist and specialist processes. On the one hand, we are witnessing growing universalism and homogeneity, and on the other, identity groups in the form of particularism and construct various forms of nationalism and a sense of religious, cultural, ethnic and political belonging. Providing an appropriate response to such a situation becomes even more important when we see the fragmentation of experience, fluidity and constant change, the importance of large financial, technological and media organizations instead of institutions, the end of the age of order, and we are at the beginning of the age of change and the rise of the risk society. Influenced by such a dual situation in which universalism (in the form of common moral-political values) and particularism (the independence of minorities and communities) are confronted with the question of how can we live and interact with each other? is very important. These responses, in the form of reviving the specific practices of the past, creating a world free of time and space constraints and preserving differences, and resorting to a kind of procedural democracy with the aim of accepting the rules of the game, ensuring respect for individual and collective freedoms and the institutionalization of tolerance are presented. The three central positions of the book are the subject, intercultural communication, and democracy. The starting point of the book is the personal subject, the path it takes, the intercultural connection and its goal, democracy. The main purpose of this article is to describe critique and evaluate the book Equality and Difference; can we live together?
Economy
Wahhab Qelich
Abstract
The unpleasant effect of Fiat money creation in disruption of economic equilibrium and class division creation is one of the main subjects of expert circles. Therefore, some researchers suggest “Theory of Gold Standard” instead of credit money. The book An Introduction to The Theory of Gold ...
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The unpleasant effect of Fiat money creation in disruption of economic equilibrium and class division creation is one of the main subjects of expert circles. Therefore, some researchers suggest “Theory of Gold Standard” instead of credit money. The book An Introduction to The Theory of Gold Standard: The Monetary System of the New Islamic Civilization is the most important book in explanation of this theory in Iranian publications. This article deals with the theoretical approach and it reviews the theory of the Gold Standard. The article shows the authors’ valuable concern about the monetary and banking system`s challenges and the unpleasant effects of Fiat money creation. Finally, the book cannot answer ambiguity and main questions scientifically and convincingly. Perhaps simultaneous using of Gold with credit money (no complete removal of credit money) is the more reasonable suggestion for the Iranian monetary system.
Sociology
Tahere Lotfi Khachaki; Ali Yousofi
Abstract
The present study seeks to introduce and critique Pierre Bourdieu's theory of distinction with a metatheory approach. The distinctive metatheory analysis is based on the four factors of the theoretical and social contexts of the theorist, basic assumptions, content concepts, logical relations of propositions ...
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The present study seeks to introduce and critique Pierre Bourdieu's theory of distinction with a metatheory approach. The distinctive metatheory analysis is based on the four factors of the theoretical and social contexts of the theorist, basic assumptions, content concepts, logical relations of propositions and explanatory processes of theory, and finally a critique of theory based on the views of one of Bourdieu's key critics. The results of the transnational analysis show that Bourdieu's social world is full of unpleasant distribution of position and resources, and this has highlighted the theoretical concern of differentiation. The conflicting influences of Marxist, existentialism, structuralism, and activism have also created an interest in fusion theory in Bourdieu. In combining agency and structure, he considers the agency of individuals in a way that affects both the mind and the structure. He sees society as an interconnected set of fields (structures), capitals, and habitus. In his view, differences in habituation, capital, and position in the field lead to differences and distinctions in lifestyles. However, insufficient attention to the moral aspects of action, ignoring the role of emotions in the process of reasoning and prioritizing interests as the basis for social competition have been considered as the most important criticisms of Bourdieu's theory of distinction.
political science
Ali Ashraf Nazari
Abstract
Theory is considered an “approach” as a toolbox for constructing and experimentally examining questions and concepts. In recent decades, the debate over the status of theory has always been the subject of debate and intellectual debate. What is the essence of the theory? How can theory be ...
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Theory is considered an “approach” as a toolbox for constructing and experimentally examining questions and concepts. In recent decades, the debate over the status of theory has always been the subject of debate and intellectual debate. What is the essence of the theory? How can theory be considered as a more comprehensive toolbox for intervening in contemporary cultures, and what can be done about it? The focus of discussion, critique, and evaluation in this article is the book Theory Toolbox: Basic Concepts in Humanities, Social Sciences, and Art. The main idea of the book is that, according to Gilles Deleuze, theory should be considered as a toolbox for constructing and experimenting with questions and concepts and as a more comprehensive tool for intervening in contemporary cultures. The book was written by Jeffrey Nealon and Susan Giroux and published in English in 2012 by Rowman & Little field. This book was translated into Persian in 1396 (2016) by Abbas Lotfizadeh and Morteza Khoshamadi and has been made available to those interested by Qoqnoos Publishing.
