Art
Navid Vaziri
Abstract
This paper has attempted to reread the book The Music of Northern India from the collections of the musical experiments as a symbol of culture collection, and the aim of this research is to criticize the mentioned book considering the musical-technical dual discussions and the musical-social issues. ...
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This paper has attempted to reread the book The Music of Northern India from the collections of the musical experiments as a symbol of culture collection, and the aim of this research is to criticize the mentioned book considering the musical-technical dual discussions and the musical-social issues. Regarding that, this paper mentions the details for discovering the totals, the executive logic behind the paper is comparative, and its aims are analytical, descriptive, and comparative. Analyzing the technical-musical data of the mentioned book is in line with comparing some concepts of Iranian classical music. The role of the non-words and improvising elements in the creation of Indian classical music is the main issue of the criticism. The role of music in the mental life of India, social changes and, of course its influences on Indian music is another issue for discussion in this paper. Considering the text of the book and analyzing the text, we can understand that globalization not only has influenced the social life of the Indian music but also has been influential on musical sound and inter-social relations. It seems that the sound content of the Ragas in Indian music lacks any clear definition, and we face a series of definitions that reading and mental record of the musician, in line with performance atmosphere, have played an important role in the formation of the music. Tala, which is related to the musical timing of Indian music, is like a chain whose rings are formed by the verbal syllables and the art of the melodic instrument players, percussions, and the dancers relate them to each other.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Amirreza Vakilifard; Roqayeh Habibi
Abstract
Following the theories and achievements of language didactics and also with the emphasis on form and meaning, there are several approaches in a syllabus on its compiling methods, content selection and organizing the selected elements. Such an approach which is task-based curriculum development has focused ...
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Following the theories and achievements of language didactics and also with the emphasis on form and meaning, there are several approaches in a syllabus on its compiling methods, content selection and organizing the selected elements. Such an approach which is task-based curriculum development has focused on the semantic and communicative dimension rather than the grammatical one fundamentally and has attracted the attention of language educators since the last decade of the previous century. In teaching Persian language to non-Persian, this approach has not been accomplished deeply in any field of studies or analytical ones. Owing to the importance of syllabus content in language teaching, this research, whilst introducing the task-oriented approach, examines the effectiveness of the tasks in the second and the third volume from the 7-volume textbook series, "Teaching the Persian Language in Persian", from the point of analyzing the implementation of principles for the task-oriented approach. A questionnaire, with subscales of the task definitions, task components, task framework, task difficulty, and the empirical basis for task-based language teaching which focuses on form in task-based language teaching, is used to explore the evaluation of the two mentioned volumes. The results deduced from the survey of these two volumes, among 40 Iranian instructors and 40 non-Iranian students from two high educational institutions show that the implementation of curriculum design principles based on task-orientated approach is average in those volumes, on both quantitative and qualitative scale and it is still far from a satisfactory level. The results of this study help the educational syllabus designers to design and create curriculums for teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers more efficiently, as well the instructors to teach communicative competence in classrooms.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Ali vasoo jouybari; Ahmad Ramezani
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the position and structure of proverbs in Qaisar Aminpour poetry. It is a descriptive and analytical research study, using library resources for data collection. Here, the structural features of proverbs in Qaisar Aminpour poetry are explained from two perspectives ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the position and structure of proverbs in Qaisar Aminpour poetry. It is a descriptive and analytical research study, using library resources for data collection. Here, the structural features of proverbs in Qaisar Aminpour poetry are explained from two perspectives of language and literary. Aminpour uses proverbs in four functions; namely, proverbial phrases, proverb creation, manipulation with the term proverb and proverbs with different uses (manipulation in meaning). For defamiliarization, he tries to interweave proverbs with literary figures and enhance literary aspect. Among which similarity and paradox are generally received more attention.His proverbs often focus on ethics and education. For Aminpour, proverb is a figurative language and literary device owing its origin to social culture of ordinary language, while covering an artistic characteristic combined with literary and linguistic elements. As a cultural commodity, the proverb is about the language of common people changing its form and nature. Such transformation yields in spreading out different combinations and sentences of Aminpour’s poems across the community.
Philosophy
Mohammad Meshkat
Abstract
After a brief look at Stern’s book, it criticizes the content of this book, especially three important parts of it, which are the most difficult and at the same time the most important parts, compared with Hegel’s phenomenology, but all his system. These are the preface, introduction, ...
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After a brief look at Stern’s book, it criticizes the content of this book, especially three important parts of it, which are the most difficult and at the same time the most important parts, compared with Hegel’s phenomenology, but all his system. These are the preface, introduction, and the final chapter. We aim to know how much Stern has been successful in consideration of the content of these three sections. Moreover, we aim to find out whether the seventh chapter of his book has internal coordination with the content of them.
History
Ali Yahyaei
Abstract
The book “History, Culture &Civilization of Iran in the Buyid Dynasty” by Sadegh Hojjati is a detailed and relatively fluent account of the history of Iran and the Islamic world at the climax of Islamic civilization, which many scholars do not work on that period because of scarcity and ...
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The book “History, Culture &Civilization of Iran in the Buyid Dynasty” by Sadegh Hojjati is a detailed and relatively fluent account of the history of Iran and the Islamic world at the climax of Islamic civilization, which many scholars do not work on that period because of scarcity and Arabic linguistic references. The author appropriately organized the book into two parts: a political history (including ten chapters) and culture and civilization (including five chapters) and produced an acceptable work. But, neglecting some of the earlier sources and new research, not addressing some of the important issues such as religious politics and other aspects of foreign associations and some of the problems of segmentation or references in many paragraphs, various criteria in writing, and some inadequate judgments and probably inaccurate damaged the book to some extent. This article discusses the pros and cons of this book.
Jurisprudence and Law
Jafar Nory Yoshanloey; Seyedeh Nazanin Akhavan Tabatabaei
Volume 18, Issue 5 , September 2018, , Pages 375-393
Abstract
The manufacturing and production activities have been explicitly predicted in Article 2 of the Iranian Trade Act and have been considered as inherent to commerce. The growth of production is the foreground of economic development, and the support of domestic production and the improvement of business ...
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The manufacturing and production activities have been explicitly predicted in Article 2 of the Iranian Trade Act and have been considered as inherent to commerce. The growth of production is the foreground of economic development, and the support of domestic production and the improvement of business environment are nowadays the priority of study programs in commercial and economic law, through which there are now broad fields available for its realization, and the evident conformation of which includes anatomy of manufacturing contracts, legal management of foreign investment contracts, prevention of imported dumping, the adoption of supportive laws governing special economic zones, modification of tax laws, combating contraband of goods and foreign exchange, reviewing banking laws, and facilitating the participation of foreign trade and industrial activists in the country. But, the constraints of international sanctions on the one hand, and the WTO integration requirements on the other hand, and, finally, the deficiencies and ambiguities about current laws and regulations, along with the weakness of economic policies, have been a major barrier to domestic production, which has long been a challenge between protectionism and globalization of the economy and which has made the critique of the existing legal status a necessity to explain the desired supportive system, using the experiences of advanced countries in the process of industrialization of the country and the competitiveness of the domestic economy.
Jurisprudence and Law
Amir Falakedin; Masoud Ghasemi; Yazdan Nosrati
Abstract
Following the methods of differentiation (specialization) in criminal law is a necessary thing that has been achieved in many other legal systems. One of the areas in which the differentiation of criminal procedure should be manifested in its territory is technical and specialized crimes, and this study ...
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Following the methods of differentiation (specialization) in criminal law is a necessary thing that has been achieved in many other legal systems. One of the areas in which the differentiation of criminal procedure should be manifested in its territory is technical and specialized crimes, and this study has examined one of the green crimes as one of its examples. In this study, it was concluded that in our systemic law, there are manifestations of differentiation from private to technical and specialized crimes in the form of specialized courts, but since terrorism is still achieved in our systemic law. The independent form of criminalization is also assigned to the trial and has special regulations, there is a serious weakness in our legislative system. In addition to the effects, the anticipation of requirements such as increasing the number of specialized green courts and specialized courts and eliminating specialized courts in dealing with green crimes, the use of specialized judges and officers, and the Special Police for Environmental and Continuing Education. Their recognition of the right to reason and objection to votes for green poison can be used to differentiate between green crimes and the realization of real criminal policy.
Foreign Languages
Jeiran Moghaddam Charkari
Abstract
Despite all the valuable efforts made in the field of translation studies in Iran, there are still quite a few tangible gaps. The academic literature, usually consisting of a theoretical and a practical part, instead of establishing the role and responsibility of a translator as an agent who is in continuous ...
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Despite all the valuable efforts made in the field of translation studies in Iran, there are still quite a few tangible gaps. The academic literature, usually consisting of a theoretical and a practical part, instead of establishing the role and responsibility of a translator as an agent who is in continuous interaction with the society, often tends to approach language as a non-social and abstract matter. As a result, translators trained in this educational system have an abstract perception of themselves and of the translation process. This article analyzes the theoretical part of the books “A Prologue to the Bases and Techniques of Translation” by Kazem Lotfipour Saedi and “Literary Translation” by Ali Akbar Aghili Ashtiani as two of the books in translation teaching that are used as academic references in Iranian universities, and studies the concordance of the theoretical part of the named books with contemporary approaches in teaching translation.
Management and Policy Making
Mohammad Javad Naeiji; Seyyed Mostafa Alemnajafi
Abstract
The content of A New Look at the Entrepreneurial Beliefs and Corporate Management book comprises three sectors and 13 chapters with the centrality of entrepreneurship and corporate management. Also, an attempt has been made to provide a redefinition of entrepreneurship and related beliefs; although this ...
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The content of A New Look at the Entrepreneurial Beliefs and Corporate Management book comprises three sectors and 13 chapters with the centrality of entrepreneurship and corporate management. Also, an attempt has been made to provide a redefinition of entrepreneurship and related beliefs; although this effort has been futile with the lack of use of new and novel resources. The book mostly relies on reports of the previous decade and has been deprived from domestic reports. Although this book has been able to provide comprehensive knowledge of entrepreneurship and business management in firms by imitating resources from previous decades, it hasn’t been able to explain the relationship between business and entrepreneurship and mainly asks the reader for their judgment on the subject. Also by using phrases such as: the statistics indicate that, or some scientists have said that; tries to confirm its content. Therefore, contrary to the opinion of the writers of the book, it’s not a complete source particularly about the use of internal experience in the area under discussion.
Foreign Languages
Iman Mansub Basiri; Mahzad Sheikholislami; Hossein Hasani Dargah
Abstract
When Reynold Alleyne Nicholson mentioned some similarities between Dante's Divine Comedy and Sanā’ī’s Seyr al-‘ebād in his article "A Persian forerunner of Dante", the belief that Dante has been influenced, in the creation of his eternal work, by the Sanai’s opus came into ...
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When Reynold Alleyne Nicholson mentioned some similarities between Dante's Divine Comedy and Sanā’ī’s Seyr al-‘ebād in his article "A Persian forerunner of Dante", the belief that Dante has been influenced, in the creation of his eternal work, by the Sanai’s opus came into some minds. The publication of the famous book of Spanish scholar Miguel Asin Palacios La Escatologia Musulmana en la «Divina Comedia» and the discovery of two old Latin and French manuscripts of Prophet Muhammad`s Me’rāj (Liber Scalae Machometi) in the Oxford library and the National Library of Paris fortified this belief. The approach of this research, which differentiates it from similar studies, is analyzing briefly the contribution of Arabic, Latin, and Persian sources that have influenced diachronically the two mentioned works. On the other hand, the emphasis of the present article, contrary to the similar works, does not affect the similarities or differences in the thematic structure of these two works, but we tried to analyze the most important sources that produced similar or identical themes in the works of both authors.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Saeedreza Yousefi; Mahinnaz Mirdehghan Farashah
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to introduce and present a critical review of the chapter entitled “The Caspian region and south Azerbaijan: Caspian and Tatic”, by Donald L. Stilo. Formally, his research is encased into a book as a full chapter, including 10 sections. In theory and methodology, ...
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The purpose of this research is to introduce and present a critical review of the chapter entitled “The Caspian region and south Azerbaijan: Caspian and Tatic”, by Donald L. Stilo. Formally, his research is encased into a book as a full chapter, including 10 sections. In theory and methodology, this research is based on areal linguistics and areal typology, respectively. The research investigates the geographical, lexical, grammatical, and phonological characteristics of Caspian and Tati, two North Western Iranian (NWI) language families, which are spoken in the south and west of the Caspian sea region. In addition to these two groups, Stilo introduces a new group called ‘Tatoids’, which includes Rudbari and Taleqani. According to Stilo, this special status for this recent type is that these two varieties were originally Tatic which, under the intense influences of Caspian and Persian, have lost all their Tatic grammatical structures. New findings of this research are the introduction of Tatoid language group and the determination of the linguistic isoglosses of Tatic and Caspian language groups which are located almost on the geographical borders among Iran and its northern neighbors.
Archaeology
Majid Montazer Zohori; Hossein Sedighian
Abstract
Pottery is one of the most prominent aspects of Islamic crafts which flourished in both production and decoration. According to the archaeological pieces of evidence the Kūbāchi wares have been spread from Khorasan to Tabriz and it ever-known centers of production were Isfahan, Kerman, Neyshabur, Mashhad ...
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Pottery is one of the most prominent aspects of Islamic crafts which flourished in both production and decoration. According to the archaeological pieces of evidence the Kūbāchi wares have been spread from Khorasan to Tabriz and it ever-known centers of production were Isfahan, Kerman, Neyshabur, Mashhad and Tabriz. The book of “The Pottery Known as Kūbāchi” is the newest and the possibility most prominent written source about this subject, which argues the archaeological aspects of these wares. This paper aims to introduce the book and review its structure and contents. The first step of review had been started with structural aspects and the process of the narration, and then the content. One of the strengths of this book is the concentration on the various archaeological aspects of this type of pottery. Besides, it can be mentioned that the book could be more attractive to the audience if the documentation and references were more precise. There are some other deficiencies in the typology and categorizing the potteries, those can be edited by the author.
political science
Bahram Navazeni
Abstract
The book “Religion and Theory of International Relations: Theory and Practice” is a collection of articles compiled and translated into Persian by Asgar Ghahramanpour Bonab from scattered articles and journals by Daniel Filpat and several other researchers of international relations. By compiling ...
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The book “Religion and Theory of International Relations: Theory and Practice” is a collection of articles compiled and translated into Persian by Asgar Ghahramanpour Bonab from scattered articles and journals by Daniel Filpat and several other researchers of international relations. By compiling these articles, the translator has attempted to address the important role of religion in shaping international relations in the Westphalian period and by evaluating its position among various mainstream and minor theories of international relations such as realism, liberalism, and constructivism, he has explored the function of different world religions such as Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism, both in inciting civil strife and converging, and in uniting and strengthening the world peace. Given the importance of familiarity with different types of religions, as well as their historical role in the formation of societies and their developments, especially in the contemporary period, this article examines and evaluates this book and tries to recommend some formal as well as content revisions on translation, equivalence, and references. The authors of the articles, as well as the translator, seem to have neglected to observe the prevailing modern situation of the separation of religion from politics and the marginalized religion in contemporary international relations.
Art
Mohammadreza Moridi
Abstract
In this article, the most important books on modern and contemporary art in Islamic lands were examined; these studies were divided into five categories: first, the books that studied the art of this region under the concept of “modern / contemporary Islamic art”, second, the books that studied ...
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In this article, the most important books on modern and contemporary art in Islamic lands were examined; these studies were divided into five categories: first, the books that studied the art of this region under the concept of “modern / contemporary Islamic art”, second, the books that studied under the title of “Middle Eastern Art”. Third, books that have followed Islamic art under the title “Arab Art”. Fourth, books that studied the Islamic art under nationalist narratives such as Iran, Arab, or Turkey art, and fifth, books under more general headings such as “Islamic Visual Culture” or Image Policy in Islamic Countries have been studied. Examining these resources is for three reasons: First, it enables researchers to compare approaches and methods in regional studies of Islamic art. Second, unfortunately, in Iran, there is not enough knowledge of the art of neighbors and other Islamic countries; therefore, reviewing the sources of regional art studies enables researchers to get acquainted with the most important sources and researchers in regional studies of art in Islamic countries. Third, by critically evaluating sixty important books in the study of modern and contemporary art in Islamic lands, we do emphasize the aspects that studies less than other aspects in this field were studied, and show the contribution of Iranian researchers in the regional studies of Islamic art.
political science
Aliashraf Nazari
Abstract
The dynamic nature of political changes in the last two decades has led to a move towards new areas of science in order to understand and provide a realistic analysis of these changes. In the meantime, political psychology has attempted to bridge the gap between psychological, sociological, historical, ...
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The dynamic nature of political changes in the last two decades has led to a move towards new areas of science in order to understand and provide a realistic analysis of these changes. In the meantime, political psychology has attempted to bridge the gap between psychological, sociological, historical, philosophical, anthropological, and linguistic issues, in spite of the complexities that exist in different scientific fields, and to open new possibilities for reflection on political transformations. The expanding knowledge of political psychology with the multidisciplinary, dynamic, and applied nature has opened new horizons for those interested in presenting a new analysis of politics. The focus of the present paper is the introduction, critique and evaluation of the “Political Psychology” book, edited by John T Jost and Jim Sidanius in 2004 and published in New York by the Psychology Press. The main purpose of this article is methodological and theoretical analysis, critique, and evaluation of “Political Psychology” textbook.
Management and Policy Making
Ali Aqa Safari; Abdullah Tavakoli
Abstract
Contingency management claims that there is nothing as the best universal principle in management. Considering the outcomes of the contingency approach, its epistemology must be analyzed from the perspective of the Quran using the interrogative/ cross-examination [istintaqi] method to express the propositions ...
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Contingency management claims that there is nothing as the best universal principle in management. Considering the outcomes of the contingency approach, its epistemology must be analyzed from the perspective of the Quran using the interrogative/ cross-examination [istintaqi] method to express the propositions of the revelatory word in rejecting, confirming, correcting, and completing the epistemology of contingency management as we can eliminate its epistemological shortcomings relying on them. The research findings indicate that epistemology in contingency management is based on objective and sensory knowledge and ignores supernatural causes and factors in explaining natural propositions. The Quran, while pointing to the shortcomings of contingency management, considers the subject of knowing God, human-being, nature, and understanding how they are interdependent, and emphasizes that human-being and the environment affect and influence each other visibly and invisibly, and the,refore human-being must take his/her advantage using networking tools by combining a horizontal view of the relationship between phenomena and a vertical and longitudinal view and their relationship with their creator. The results indicate that the Quran, in addition to reason and empirical findings, emphasizes that the best methods that lead to greater efficiency cannot be presented without revelation.
History
Mir Hamid Hashemi Lashenlo; Arash Mousavi
Abstract
“Kashf Al-Salsala‘An Wasf Al-Zalzala” by Al-Suyuti (d. 911 A.H.) is the most comprehensive book written about the earthquake in Islamic culture. In this article, Suyūti's explanation of this natural phenomenon and his reports on earthquakes of the Islamic period are examined. This ...
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“Kashf Al-Salsala‘An Wasf Al-Zalzala” by Al-Suyuti (d. 911 A.H.) is the most comprehensive book written about the earthquake in Islamic culture. In this article, Suyūti's explanation of this natural phenomenon and his reports on earthquakes of the Islamic period are examined. This book is a collection of everything that Muslim scholars before him, from narrators and commentators to historians, have said and written about earthquakes. In this book, both the causes of earthquakes and an annual list of earthquakes that occurred in the Islamic era are discussed. Suyūti's explanation of the earthquake is not a scientific and natural explanation but a religious and supernatural explanation. Referring to narrative and interpretive sources, he seeks the truth and the origin of the earthquake in the image of Qaf Mountain, an idea that had pre-Islamic mythological roots and took on a religious and Islamic dress among the Medieval Muslims. Suyūti also considers the cause of the earthquake to be the result of the wrong and improper actions and behaviors of the servants, citing narrations from the beginning of Islam. The Suyūti chronological list of earthquakes that occurred in the post-Islamic period contains data on the number and severity of earthquakes and their human, social, and natural consequences, which can be used to study the social history of Medieval Muslims.
Persian Language and Literature
Yadullah Mohammadi; Seyed Ahmad Parsa
Abstract
“Tarikh –e- Baihaqi” is one of the Persian proses taught in two undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Persian language and literature. Having a good correction makes it easier to teach. So far, six corrections have been made in “Tarikh –e- Baihaqi”. Two recent ...
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“Tarikh –e- Baihaqi” is one of the Persian proses taught in two undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Persian language and literature. Having a good correction makes it easier to teach. So far, six corrections have been made in “Tarikh –e- Baihaqi”. Two recent corrections have been favored by researchers. The present study compares the recording of the Persian poems of Tarikh –e- Baihaqi in two versions of the Tarikh –e- Baihaqi of Yahaghi-Sayyedi and Fayyaz and tries to assess the accuracy of the recordings and the accuracy of the copy editors by examining the harmony of these poems with the content. For this purpose, in addition to using the prosodic rules of the Persian language, attempted have been made to use transcripts, attention to the imagination, textual consistency, authentic corrections of the poets’ divans, transcripts. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data were analyzed by the library and document analysis using the content analysis method. The result shows that understanding the true meaning of the verses, linking them to the historical statements of the text and understanding them correctly depends on the correct meter of the verses, which unfortunately has not been adequately addressed in the correction of some of the verses. Metrical studies indicate that the correction of Yahaghi-Sayyedi despite more manuscripts is less accurate at his disposal.
Art
Alireza Taheri; Hamed Karimi Afshar
Abstract
In the book "Secrets of Separation: Asghar Farhadi's Cinema", Saeed Aghighi evaluates the narrative structure of Farhadi's films one by one, from his first film to The Seller. In his book, he focuses on introducing and analyzing the narrative patterns of stories and criticizing the characters in Asghar ...
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In the book "Secrets of Separation: Asghar Farhadi's Cinema", Saeed Aghighi evaluates the narrative structure of Farhadi's films one by one, from his first film to The Seller. In his book, he focuses on introducing and analyzing the narrative patterns of stories and criticizing the characters in Asghar Farhadi's films, and comparing them with classical patterns and realistic modern cinema. In addition, it has a brief overview of visual elements, and principles of filmmaking, as well as some psychological and especially sociological analyses related to Asghar Farhadi's films. The lack of coherence, especially in the large volume of descriptions and the dispersion of analytical materials, in addition to technical-specialist defects, such as not observing the modern principles of book writing, the variability of written grammar, and the use of inappropriate specialized terms, along with the unscientific nature of research theories and assumptions, and Also, the lack of theoretical foundations does not raise the criticisms of this book to a level between a number of relatively good journalistic reviews and a number of incomplete expert analyses. Another problem of the book is the author's focus on the theme, narration, characterization, etc. in such a way that the content related to the visual presentation of the filmmaker does not have the necessary quantity and quality, and it does not seem to satisfy the audience looking for these topics.
Philosophy
Mokhtar Nouri
Abstract
The role and position of religion in human political and social life is an issue that must be analyzed for its importance. To address this issue, the present paper looks at one of the most important works in this field, the book The Christianity and Democracy by Jacques Maritain of the French neotomist ...
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The role and position of religion in human political and social life is an issue that must be analyzed for its importance. To address this issue, the present paper looks at one of the most important works in this field, the book The Christianity and Democracy by Jacques Maritain of the French neotomist philosopher. In this work, Maritain has defended democracy by referring to Christianity. Of course, this type of defense is not free of criticism, and Maritain’s work also tragically looks at contemporary democracies. It is clear that the relationship between “religion and democracy” is not limited to Jacques Maritan’s thought, and many thinkers in various intellectual paradigms have addressed this issue. It is also not just about Christianity, and it is one of the most significant topics in the Muslim world. The author has attempted to discuss Jacques Maritain’s theoretical model of the relationship of Christianity and democracy from a political, philosophical, and theological perspective.
Foreign Languages
Mojtaba Maghsoudi; Abolfazl Khodamoradi; Seyed Hassan Talebi
Abstract
In the mid-twentieth century, critical pedagogy was at the forefront of educational theorists’ focus, and curriculum designers sought to combine critical pedagogy practices with university curricula. Therefore, by using quantitative method through a survey and an introspective longitudinal study, ...
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In the mid-twentieth century, critical pedagogy was at the forefront of educational theorists’ focus, and curriculum designers sought to combine critical pedagogy practices with university curricula. Therefore, by using quantitative method through a survey and an introspective longitudinal study, the present research was conducted to investigate the critical attitude of undergraduate (BA) and postgraduate (MA) students. Accordingly, a Critical Pedagogy Attitude Questionnaire, developed by Pishvaei and Kasaian (2013), was distributed among 164 male and female students (in the first and last semester of study). The participants were majoring in English translation and Applied Linguistics courses at four universities in Markazi province. The reliability of this questionnaire through Cronbach’s alpha was .93. Then, statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney test and one-way ANOVA indicated that the students’ critical pedagogy attitudes did not significantly grow in the process of education from the first to the last semester. The results of this study are useful for students, professors, and curriculum designers. They also provide critical insight for EFL students.
Jurisprudence and Law
Mahdi Mohammadzadeh; Morteza Hajialikhamseh; Bashir Eisazadeh
Abstract
After a decade of drafting the bill "Dignity and Protection of Women against Violence", the bill is on the agenda of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iranian Parliament). This article considers "a critique of the bill from the standpoint of principles and rules of legislation" as its main mission. ...
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After a decade of drafting the bill "Dignity and Protection of Women against Violence", the bill is on the agenda of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iranian Parliament). This article considers "a critique of the bill from the standpoint of principles and rules of legislation" as its main mission. The analysis method is descriptive-analytical. This article focuses on the legislative policies as a view of the desired quality of legislation in the Iranian legal system. The results of the article show that the bill is not very defensible in terms of adherence to the principles of legislation. Non-observance of depuration principles, confusion of the status of law and legal document, excessive use of criminal tools, and ambiguity in some concepts and titles are the most important of these criticisms. The provisions of the bill have been drafted ignoring the requirements of upstream national documents and without considering the requirements of the hierarchy of norms of the Iranian legal system. It seems that if approved, the bill will result in the implementation of a cultural disorder and the induction of a critical situation of violence in Iranian society and an increase in international attacks.
Archaeology
Seyyed Milad Hashemi
Abstract
Professor Robin Dennell is one of the most well-known Paleolithic archaeologists with a specialty on Asia. His recent book, published by Routledge Publication in 2020, is a good example of borrowing ecological and biological concepts, and in particular, invasion biology in archaeology. The focus of this ...
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Professor Robin Dennell is one of the most well-known Paleolithic archaeologists with a specialty on Asia. His recent book, published by Routledge Publication in 2020, is a good example of borrowing ecological and biological concepts, and in particular, invasion biology in archaeology. The focus of this book is on the dispersal of Middle and Upper Paleolithic hominins and the dynamism of their range expansion/ contraction in Asia. In the book, our species, modern human, is introduced as an invasive species from an ecological point of view; because such groups quickly settled across the whole ancient continent and in doing so, others, such as Neanderthals became extinct. This occurrence put an end to the biological diversity of the genus Homo forever. Due to its comprehensiveness, the use of the most up-to-date evidence and publications, as well as the interdisciplinary approaches, the book is a must-read for Paleolithic archaeologists interested in the mobility of human populations, landscape archaeology, the exodus of modern humans out of Africa, and the resultant colonization of Asia.
Anthropology
Hamed Vahdati Nasab; Alieh Abdollahi
Abstract
The under review book of Homo Deus, A Brief History of Tomorrow, is the second part of the trilogy of Sapiens, Homo Deus, and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century were all written by Yuval Noah Harari. In this book, the writer has first reviewed the history behind the formation of the human mindset from Paleolithic ...
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The under review book of Homo Deus, A Brief History of Tomorrow, is the second part of the trilogy of Sapiens, Homo Deus, and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century were all written by Yuval Noah Harari. In this book, the writer has first reviewed the history behind the formation of the human mindset from Paleolithic to the renaissance with particular emphasis on the scientific revolution and appearance of the humanism paradigm and its subdivisions (liberalism, socialism, and fascism). Doing so, he concluded that the invention of the internet of everything and using more sophisticated computer-generated algorithms by Google and Facebook (Dataism) would eventually put humans aside forever. The writers of this critique compared the Farsi translation with the English one and realized that some parts of the Farsi version suffer from improper translation, and some other parts have been deleted during the translation. In addition to that, it is probable that human societies might escape from the illustrated dark future by Harari. Learning from past events, and more importantly, using our global consciousness, which we possess more than ever, might change the inevitable future.
political science
Bahram Navazeni
Abstract
This is a review of the book "Islam in Russia: the politics of identity and security” by Shirin T. Hunter, the Iranian-American Professor of Georgetown University, in collaboration with two of the researchers at the Center for strategic and international studies, Jeffrey Thomas and Alexander Melikishvili, ...
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This is a review of the book "Islam in Russia: the politics of identity and security” by Shirin T. Hunter, the Iranian-American Professor of Georgetown University, in collaboration with two of the researchers at the Center for strategic and international studies, Jeffrey Thomas and Alexander Melikishvili, published in New York in 2004. A translation of this work is done by Elahe Koulaei, Professor at Tehran University, and two of his colleagues, Seyedeh Motahare Hussein and Asma Moini by Nei press in Tehran. Although the book may not be considered as the main textbook for political science course subjects, but may certainly be acknowledged as holding valuable information about the Soviet Government and politics, the big power's foreign policy, in all branches of BA, MA and PhD fields of political science, international relations, and regional studies. This article is also trying to introduce this work and its authors and translators, as well as critically analyze the structural and contextual weakness and suggest some corrective tips for the next edition of it.
