Art
Mehran Houshiar
Abstract
Content critique of scientific texts and structural analysis of available resources in the field of humanities is as complex as the main nature of this concept. This factor, along with unfamiliarity with the basics of critique and the culture of critically in society, has made the critique of published ...
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Content critique of scientific texts and structural analysis of available resources in the field of humanities is as complex as the main nature of this concept. This factor, along with unfamiliarity with the basics of critique and the culture of critically in society, has made the critique of published books and texts of philosophy of art and theoretical foundations less done and not accepted. However, criticism in all its structures and types is the most important and effective method for the growth and promotion of human knowledge and today in the most prestigious scientific, academic, and research circles in the world and developed countries to the extent that criticism and its principles are considered maybe they don't care about producing new sciences. The book “Interaction of Language and Art”, which is the result of symposiums of a number of experts in the field of culture, art, literature, and philosophy of the country, was published in 2000 by the Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Art. The book is available to readers with thematic content in the fields of art, literature, and architecture, including fourteen articles. In this article, while introducing the book, reviewing the motivation for holding this symposium and its content structure, an attempt is made to take a critical look at the thematic content of each article.
Management and Policy Making
Mohammad Javad Naeiji
Abstract
Although researchers generally agree on the nature and importance of strategic entrepreneurship (SE), various definitions have created confusion. Also, most exiting measures do not take into account the unique characteristics of this construct. The purpose of this paper is to criticize and redefining ...
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Although researchers generally agree on the nature and importance of strategic entrepreneurship (SE), various definitions have created confusion. Also, most exiting measures do not take into account the unique characteristics of this construct. The purpose of this paper is to criticize and redefining SE and its measures. By conducting a systematic review of previous research, we identify similarities between definitions of SE. Balancing is the core of SE concept and successful SE capabilities stressed on balance between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management, opportunity exploration and exploitation, and radical and incremental innovations. In this way, the main section of the papers which are published in the Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal (SEJ) has paid attention to balance strategy and entrepreneurship. This paper reviews three questionnaires that were developed to measure SE. However, only a few studies have used these questionnaires and further studies should be conducted to develop instruments to measure SE.
Persian Language and Literature
Mehri Mossaed; Saeed Hessampour
Abstract
Long after the creation of the first Persian novels and short stories, research works were created in connection with these works of fiction. In this study, the method of historiography of the first history of fiction (ie “The History and Evolution of Modern Iranian Literature and The Founders ...
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Long after the creation of the first Persian novels and short stories, research works were created in connection with these works of fiction. In this study, the method of historiography of the first history of fiction (ie “The History and Evolution of Modern Iranian Literature and The Founders of Modern Persian Prose”) that have been published abroad at the same time has been investigated. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on the components that the authors of this research have considered for the type of literary history, the discourse of these two works has been studied. The results show that Alavi and Kamshad studied literary works without being influenced by the ideology of the government of the time and with the aim of finding two-way links between literature and current political events. Of course, they have their drawbacks; structural weaknesses in the arrangement of materials, not addressing the literary style of works and not analyzing the literary and artistic aspects of literary works, using second- and third-degree sources, basing on selections of previous critical works are among these weaknesses, often due to distance from institutional contexts and contexts are related to literary works, which has caused significant damage to these two histories of literature.
Philosophy
Yassaman Hoshyar
Abstract
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is one of the most influential ethical books and, at the same time, it is one of the most difficult ones, and every commentary on Kant’s ethical theory, at the first step, concentrates on this book. Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: A ...
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Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals is one of the most influential ethical books and, at the same time, it is one of the most difficult ones, and every commentary on Kant’s ethical theory, at the first step, concentrates on this book. Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: A Reader Guide which has been written by Professor Paul Guyer is an authentic commentary and is recently translated into Persian. With respect to the role of Guyer in recent Kant’s studies as a leading scholar, this book has a high position. In this article, besides a general review of these two books in terms of their importance in Persian and English literature and editorial features and translation of Guide, Guyer’s expression of Kant’s arguments, and significant and influential points of Guide are reviewed. These points give readers a good insight into understanding Kant’s moral theory and avoiding ambiguities and objections. In addition, in some points, the Guide is compared with other commentaries on Groundwork, especially with Timmermann’s and evaluated.
Foreign Languages
Marzieh Yahyapour; Janolah Karimi-Motahhar; Tatiana Vladimirovna Maltsea
Abstract
Khayyam, a poet from the "saffron shores" with worldwide fame, is on the top of Russian poetry and literature because of his charming, thoughtful, and philosophical quatrains, along with other poets of the "ancient land" of Iran. The present article aims at introducing and criticizing the translations ...
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Khayyam, a poet from the "saffron shores" with worldwide fame, is on the top of Russian poetry and literature because of his charming, thoughtful, and philosophical quatrains, along with other poets of the "ancient land" of Iran. The present article aims at introducing and criticizing the translations of Khayyam’s quatrains into Russian and showing the influence of his poems and ideas on Russian translators and poets. Russian translators, Iranologists, diplomats, and poets played a significant role in introducing Khayyam to the Russian society. Book of poems of Toreverov, Chachikov, Surkov, Kedrin, Ivanov, Sannikov, Vinokurov, Plisetsky, Yesenin, and Gamzatov devoted some pages to Khayyam. Studies indicate that in addition to praising Khayyam, Russian poets sometimes began to express the idea of their work with a word from Khayyam as the epigraph of their poems. Studies indicate that for most thinkers, Khayyam’s quatrains are the source of inspiration for philosophical and mystical ideas and a source for saturating the spiritual void, understanding the "mysteries of eternity", solving the riddle of the "ancient world" and cosmology. Investigating the poems studied in the article indicate that Khayyam’s quatrains opened the mysterious doors of the universe to most Russian thinkers and readers and let them taste the wine of the universe, although some of them had different interpretations of Khayyam’s poems due to contradictions in his poems.
Jurisprudence and Law
Mohammad Moghaddami; Amir Hosein Khosroabadi; Tavakol Habibzadeh
Abstract
Implementing the rules and regulations of Sharia in the legal system of modern governments has always been associated with challenges such as non-compliance with the new rules of human rights. Challenges like these can be seen in the human rights reports of UN rapporteurs. The main concern of the reporters ...
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Implementing the rules and regulations of Sharia in the legal system of modern governments has always been associated with challenges such as non-compliance with the new rules of human rights. Challenges like these can be seen in the human rights reports of UN rapporteurs. The main concern of the reporters regarding the situation of human rights rules in those countries that seek to implement the rules of Sharia in their legal system seems to be a kind of adaptation and compliance of Sharia rules with human rights principles which is generally referred to as the compatibility of Islamic rules with the needs and requirements of the modern government. In order to achieve a theoretical gap between Muslim legal thinkers and human rights reporters, this study seeks to examine whether the rules of Sharia have the capacity to adapt to the new needs and requirements of modern governments. For this purpose, this study relies on the descriptive and analytical method of the intellectual foundations of three Muslim thinkers with different approaches and in addition to a critical analysis of Dr. Rahman's article. Finally, it can be concluded that by analyzing the works of two other thinkers, capacities for modeling the adaptation process can be extracted.
Art
Mehran Houshiar
Abstract
Explaining the basics and knowing the alphabet of each phenomenon is necessary to understand the concepts, content foundations, and existential philosophy. This is especially important in the field of humanities and has been considered by contemporary thinkers. Due to its geographical extent and semantic ...
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Explaining the basics and knowing the alphabet of each phenomenon is necessary to understand the concepts, content foundations, and existential philosophy. This is especially important in the field of humanities and has been considered by contemporary thinkers. Due to its geographical extent and semantic values, Islamic art has certain theoretical and practical principles that are very similar to the basis of traditional arts. The compiler of the book "Theoretical Foundations" has tried to explain the principles, principles and concepts of this art by combining the knowledge and opinion of experts and researchers active in various fields of Islamic art into a credible and valid scientific text. In this article, while introducing the published sections and articles, describing and interpreting the main themes mentioned in each text, it has been criticized and evaluated. The findings of this critical study indicate that the unity of existence and the existence of common and hidden beliefs in all works show a semantic continuity and dependence on a single origin. The publication of the book "Theoretical Foundations" in order to introduce the characteristics and moral, value and mystical views of Islamic art is a useful step that has been made available to researchers, students and enthusiasts in this field today as a valid and reliable source.
Art
Arsalan Moghadas; Ali Sheikhmehdi
Abstract
The book "The TV Production Handbook" aims to introduce students to digital technologies for producing TV programs and also the presentation of the specific aesthetic of this medium for influencing audiences. In this regard, we confront explanations about technical facilities and how to use them, regarding ...
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The book "The TV Production Handbook" aims to introduce students to digital technologies for producing TV programs and also the presentation of the specific aesthetic of this medium for influencing audiences. In this regard, we confront explanations about technical facilities and how to use them, regarding qualitative analysis method for reviewing and analyzing the book "The TV Production Handbook", and, along with the use of theories of McClellan and Baudrillard in media criticism. Regarding this analysis, the important point is that for the invitation of the audience, and presentation of formal elements to influence, his choice for interpretation is restricted. His deprivation of possible alternatives in the visible image is an ideological aspect of the TV program. Standardization in choosing the visual form of programs and avoiding visual innovations in choosing the shot sizes, camera angle, etc. This can be called depriving the audience of their freedom to interpret the program.
political science
Mokhtar Nouri; Homayoun Abbasabadi
Abstract
The Problem of Development has always been a topic of discussion for researchers and thinkers in various fields of social sciences. In this framework, “Critical Approach to Community-Based Development” is one of the leading works in the field of sociology of development, written by Margaret ...
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The Problem of Development has always been a topic of discussion for researchers and thinkers in various fields of social sciences. In this framework, “Critical Approach to Community-Based Development” is one of the leading works in the field of sociology of development, written by Margaret Ledwith. Ledwith is a researcher in the field of communitarianism and social justice, which in this work examines the development of community-based. She has focused both on objective developments in Western societies such as England in the context of globalization and on two philosophical turning points of the twentieth century: the Brazilian philosopher Paolo Freire and the Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci. According to Ledwith, community-based development requires a search between theory and method. According to him, community-based development forms the knowledge that is based on justice, equality, and democracy. It seems that the connection between theory and practice for change is one of the innovations of Ledwith in this work. The purpose of this article is to introduce the mentioned work, critique and evaluate it in both form and content and focus on Iranian society.
Persian Language and Literature
Mohammadreza Movahedi
Abstract
Among Western Quran scholars who have viewed Islamic texts، especially the Qur'an، with fairness، Christine Sands، in her book Sufi Interpretations of the Qur'an from the Fourth to the Ninth Century، first examines the hermeneutical presuppositions of Sufism and then makes an analytical comparison ...
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Among Western Quran scholars who have viewed Islamic texts، especially the Qur'an، with fairness، Christine Sands، in her book Sufi Interpretations of the Qur'an from the Fourth to the Ninth Century، first examines the hermeneutical presuppositions of Sufism and then makes an analytical comparison between the methods. The mystics of the commentator follow the story of Moses and Khidr، the story of Mary and the verse of Light. In reviewing this book، after looking at the advantages and positive aspects of the work، some of the content weaknesses of this research that the author has noticed have been addressed. A significant part of the taste-interpretive points in this book is based on the materials that have been quoted from Abdul Razzaq Kashani and the interpretive parts of Gharaib Al-Quran Nizamuddin Araj Neyshabouri and then Ala Al-Dawlah Semnani. Most of the interpretive issues in Gharaib al-Quran are taken from Najmiyya Interpretations. Paying attention to this point could change the order of the topics and the final evaluation of the author. Also، some cases of weakness in the translation of the work have been noticed، which has led to the confusion of the Persian text. The evidence presented for these weaknesses was not a case of differences of taste in translation.
Jurisprudence and Law
Hussein Aghaei Janatmakan
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to form substantial and procedural international criminallaw through the judicial procedure of international criminal courts. International criminal law is a new discipline, the stem of which is in international and criminal law, and it has not been established ...
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to form substantial and procedural international criminallaw through the judicial procedure of international criminal courts. International criminal law is a new discipline, the stem of which is in international and criminal law, and it has not been established until the Nuremberg trials. The Nuremberg court judgment in 1946, which was called Nuremberg principles, was the first decision to base the important principles governing over the international criminal law. Other courts that have been formed after the Nuremberg court also issued some verdicts which deserve to study. Judicial procedures in private courts such as ICTY and ICTR provide the greatest sources for substantial criminal law and also have had a significant effect. The current study aimed to analyze these judicial procedure. It is clear that the judicial procedure has a significant effect on the forming of international criminal law and approving the ICC status which was approved in a short time after the beginning of the private courts. Simultaneously, the author has a critical look at the book International Criminal Law in Jurisprudence in which this issue is highlighted.
Persian Language and Literature
Jamileh Akhyani
Abstract
The purpose of writing a literary university selection should, as a rule, be to briefly acquaint students with the ideas and art of the great masters of Persian literature in order to increase their motivation to refer to the works of these masters. Book of Four Masters by Dr. Kazem Dezfoulian, published ...
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The purpose of writing a literary university selection should, as a rule, be to briefly acquaint students with the ideas and art of the great masters of Persian literature in order to increase their motivation to refer to the works of these masters. Book of Four Masters by Dr. Kazem Dezfoulian, published by The Organization for Researching and Composing University textbooks in the Humanities (Samt Publications) for the poetry of Iraqi Literature, is one of those excerpts whose publication, unfortunately, does not meet the expectations of the academic community. Choosing the wrong poems, misreading some verses and misinterpreting them, incorrect or incomplete explanation of some verses, not paying attention to the incorrect recording of some words and the lack of explanation about them, and a lot of typing mistakes are among the most important shortcomings mentioned above that keep the book away from the sophistication expected of a college textbook. In the present article, part of the book’s many shortcomings is discussed under the heading of “disorganized” and “inexplicit,” and the author hopes that with the attention of textbook writers, more attention will be paid to overseeing academic publishing centers and fixing these bugs in future releases.
Methodology
Ali Ebrahim Pour
Abstract
“Study of (Social) Currents (Currentology)” has been a new concept in recent decades in the Iranian intellectual, cultural, and political literature. Due to its influential and efficient literature, it has become popular. However, the lack of a scientific and methodological discipline ...
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“Study of (Social) Currents (Currentology)” has been a new concept in recent decades in the Iranian intellectual, cultural, and political literature. Due to its influential and efficient literature, it has become popular. However, the lack of a scientific and methodological discipline has made this literature extremely chaotic, shaky, and turbulent. Therefore, in order to get rid of these misunderstandings, it is necessary to provide a clear theoretical framework for this literature. Currentology seems to have to be studied with a second-rate perspective. Its purpose is to introduce "Studies of Currents" as a science, not a journalistic and rhetorical model. It is a science, the subject of which is "(Social) Currents". This article is written using a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources. Also, this article focuses on the methodological principle of the relation and proportion between 'method' and 'object' (in the theoretical foundations of science in Islamic tradition). By analyzing the components of the "(Social) Current" definition, it derives its methodological implications. Finally, it offers them in 30 titles. These methodological implications underlie the design of a scientific model favorable to “Study of (Social) Currents (Currentology)”.
Anthropology
Mohammad Amir Ahmadzadeh
Abstract
Socio-cultural reading is one of the most important approaches in cultural history, which is highlighted in the book "An Introduction to the Cultural History of the Body in Iran". In this article, the methodology and content of the text begin with the question of how the use of discourse approach in ...
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Socio-cultural reading is one of the most important approaches in cultural history, which is highlighted in the book "An Introduction to the Cultural History of the Body in Iran". In this article, the methodology and content of the text begin with the question of how the use of discourse approach in the cultural history of the body has an impact on the authors of the book and their reading of the sources and events of Iranian history and to find out its strengths and weaknesses. By using a critical approach and historical analysis, the discussion can be achieved in an attempt to formulate a new history of Iran, provide a different interpretation of the understanding of history, highlight the sociological approach and cultural studies of the body, interpret the cover as cultural, political and religious mentioned the use of literary and illustrated sources with the aim of strengthening the socio-cultural history approach. However, the universal and detailed view as a result of the dominance of the holistic and theory-based approach in the text of the work is impaired, and several historical data can be presented that challenge the inference of the authors of the book. On the other hand, the four divisions of the historical periods of Iran into the imperial era, the constitutional era, the modern era, and the religious era in different seasons have serious problems and do not correspond to the periods of Iranian history.
Educational Science
Mohammad Armand
Abstract
Textbooks are one of the most important teaching tools. Therefore, it is necessary to be very careful about how they are designed and edited. Works on textbook design and authoring have been published, one of which is textbook research and writing that can be used by scholars, authors, and textbook contributors. ...
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Textbooks are one of the most important teaching tools. Therefore, it is necessary to be very careful about how they are designed and edited. Works on textbook design and authoring have been published, one of which is textbook research and writing that can be used by scholars, authors, and textbook contributors. In this article, this book has been criticized, using a critical philosophical research. The importance of this book in reflecting the wide range of textbook research in the world, its being research-oriented, and addressing fundamental issues are among the advantages. The benefits of this book include the use of various tools to understand more about the contents, such as charts and tables, and the type of letters and their size. Its disadvantages include failure to rationalize the content and misinterpretation of some concepts, lack of proper design and contrast of colors, and inappropriate margins and unattractiveness.
Arabic Language and Literature
Tayebeh Amirian
Abstract
Translation criticism, based on the patterns of cognitive translations, is a criterion to describe the translation function in the target language by preserving literature and understanding the meaning of the source language. The validity of the translation of the novel will also be measured and represented ...
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Translation criticism, based on the patterns of cognitive translations, is a criterion to describe the translation function in the target language by preserving literature and understanding the meaning of the source language. The validity of the translation of the novel will also be measured and represented with meticulous awareness of the shortcomings and its positive features according to the principles of translation evaluation models. Antone Breman, whose basis of his translational viewpoint is based on the source text, explains the twelve deforming tendencies between the source, target language named “deconstructive method” or “distortion factors”. According to this theory, when the number of changing trends in the translation process is more significant, the translator has distorted the original text more. In this study, we want to consider the perspective of Bremen’s deconstructive tendencies with respect to the alien text and foreign, Arabic translation called “Aynaha” by Ahmad Musa of “Her Eyes” written by Bozorg Alavi. The main focus of this research is to review the dominant trends in text change by translator mentioning to citing the evidence and proposed translation. Findings of the study confirm six trends of twelve Bremen deconstructive tendencies, and it claims that the translator, according to his own taste, has made changes in translation, and he was not loyal to the source text.
Sociology
Farhang Ershad
Abstract
The aim of Thomas Kuhn in writing The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was to prepare an analysis in the field of the philosophical history of science and to explain the changes and continuity of scientific institutions. He studied physics at Harvard University but he was more interested in philosophy ...
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The aim of Thomas Kuhn in writing The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was to prepare an analysis in the field of the philosophical history of science and to explain the changes and continuity of scientific institutions. He studied physics at Harvard University but he was more interested in philosophy of science history. Kuhn’s mind was deeply impressed by Alexandre Koyre´, Max Planck, and James Conant, also his interest in hermeneutics was motivated by Ludwig Wittgenstein and Stanley Cavell. This book which was really innovative in its own time (1969s) brought about some important concepts that most frequented ones would be “paradigm” and “scientific community”. For Kuhn, the relations between these two concepts had an important role in the development of the sociology of science. Perhaps it could be said that the same as Kuhn was influenced by his predecessors, his posterities were impressed by Kuhn in their views in the field of sociology of science.
Management and Policy Making
Karim Esgandari; Shadi Orafaye Jamshidi; Elmira Shakeri; Sheida Orafaye Jamshidi
Abstract
Due to the need to establish strong links between industry and academia to use scientific theories in industry, the use of case study in the management of organizational behavior is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the book Case Studies of Organizational Behavior Management. ...
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Due to the need to establish strong links between industry and academia to use scientific theories in industry, the use of case study in the management of organizational behavior is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the book Case Studies of Organizational Behavior Management. The method of evaluation and critique of this work is citation-analytical and in accordance with the model proposed by the Council for the Study of Humanities Texts and Books in the framework of general introduction, form and content study of the work. In general, in terms of the form of the work, the form quality of the work is good, despite these formal weaknesses of the work are: not using a specific symbol of management behavior in the design on the cover of the book, not using tables, charts and the bug is inside the text. In terms of content, the use of case study method in managing organizational behavior is one of the strengths of the effect. However, the work suffers from lack of logical order and content coherence, content inaccuracy, and content defects. In general, the analysis of the content of scientific and academic books can provide their possible strengths and weaknesses for the possible modification and change of content and form, in accordance with the set goals and scientific principles to the planners and authors of academic books.
Arabic Language and Literature
Abdulali Alebooye Langrudi
Abstract
Modern Arabic literature, because of its important role in transferring the contemporary culture and thoughts of Arabs, enjoys a special status in the curriculum of Arabic language and literature majors in Iranian universities. As a result, to introduce contemporary Arabic literature, various courses ...
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Modern Arabic literature, because of its important role in transferring the contemporary culture and thoughts of Arabs, enjoys a special status in the curriculum of Arabic language and literature majors in Iranian universities. As a result, to introduce contemporary Arabic literature, various courses entitled contemporary Arabic poetry and prose have been offered at different educational levels. Besides, to achieve this goal, many books and textbooks have been written in Iran and in the Arab world. Undoubtedly, criticizing and reviewing these books is a major step in fulfilling the objectives of teaching contemporary literary texts. Therefore, the present study intends to evaluate the book Al-Adab Al-Arabi Al-Hadith; … authored by Muhammad Saleh Alshanti, using a descriptive-analytical approach. While introducing the book, the article tried to address both its strong points and weaknesses in two domains of form and content. The findings indicate that with regard to form, the book suffers from certain shortcomings such as lack of defining terms, using personal judgments in analyses, compiling rather than composing, mixing didactic and critical issues, and incoherence of literary approaches.
political science
Rohollah Eslami; Elaheh Valizadeh
Abstract
Not only have the ideas of Marxism analyzed societies, but also shaped social action. Marxists have read each Marx's works in a number of ways, and claim to have provided the closest interpretation to Marx. In the meantime, Louis Althusser, a French neo-Marxist thinker of the twentieth century, with ...
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Not only have the ideas of Marxism analyzed societies, but also shaped social action. Marxists have read each Marx's works in a number of ways, and claim to have provided the closest interpretation to Marx. In the meantime, Louis Althusser, a French neo-Marxist thinker of the twentieth century, with a structuralist reading, has considered Marx's second period of thought, which is scientific. This article addresses the question of how Marxism can be analyzed not only in its purely economic deterministic nature but also in the political aspect of states in Marxist analysis. In this regard, we have introduced and critically reread the book Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses by Louis Althusser, translated by Mr. Roozbeh Sadra. The book has been criticized in terms of form and ideas. Theoretically, Althusser, on the one hand, determines the culture and ideological mechanisms of the state in socio-political developments and, on the other hand, promotes a kind of conspiracy illusion. The form of the book is desirable in terms of cover design and requires some writing corrections that are documented in the text.
Economy
Mohammad Javad Tavakkoli
Abstract
The book Economic Behaviorology According to Holy Quran is honorable for referring to an important issue on the borders of Economics and for having a Quranic approach. Using the analytical method, the current paper analyses the performance of this book in promoting the borders of discussions on economic ...
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The book Economic Behaviorology According to Holy Quran is honorable for referring to an important issue on the borders of Economics and for having a Quranic approach. Using the analytical method, the current paper analyses the performance of this book in promoting the borders of discussions on economic Behaviorology. According to the findings of the paper, the book suffers from three main problems namely return between systematic analysis and Behaviorology, making a vague conflict between materialist and innatist Human and Behaviorology in the framework of the perfect rationality approach. Therefore, it could not access its goals. The main problem is the lack of attention to the boundaries of human rationality which is an important issue in Behavioral Economics. Contrary to the findings of the book, there has been attention to cognitive, motivational, and intentional boundaries of rationality in Quranic economic Behaviorology. Therefore, Allah almighty mentioned some solutions.
Anthropology
Zeynab Shariatnia; Hadi Vakili
Abstract
The book History and Theory in Anthropology by Alan Barnard, a leading researcher and author of anthropological studies, especially anthropology in South Africa is among valuable works in the field of anthropology. In this book, he examines the theoretical nature of anthropology throughout history and ...
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The book History and Theory in Anthropology by Alan Barnard, a leading researcher and author of anthropological studies, especially anthropology in South Africa is among valuable works in the field of anthropology. In this book, he examines the theoretical nature of anthropology throughout history and the views of prominent scholars and thinkers of this science and their comparisons, as well as the rooting of theories and schools of thought presented in the field of anthropology. The purpose of this book is to examine the pioneering views of anthropological studies, evolution in all its dimensions, the theory of disseminators in cultural areas, functionalism and structural functionalism, pragmatic theories, processing, and Marxist views, various aspects of relativism, structuralism and post-structuralism, postmodernist views and recent interpretations. Although this work should be regarded as an overview of anthropological theories and related problems since it lacks the details of theorists, approaches, and ideas, its very briefness of the terms and contents, its conceptual clarity and explanation have been diminished and it requires revisions.
Anthropology
Leila Ardebili
Abstract
Linguistic anthropology, as one of the most important subfields of anthropology, seeks to examine how language, as a social entity, plays an active role in the life of a society and encodes various aspects of social relations in a society. This branch of science, which is interdisciplinary in essence, ...
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Linguistic anthropology, as one of the most important subfields of anthropology, seeks to examine how language, as a social entity, plays an active role in the life of a society and encodes various aspects of social relations in a society. This branch of science, which is interdisciplinary in essence, tries to study the linguistic phenomena in a social context instead of in a vacuum, and thus decipher the hidden social components behind the use of different linguistic levels, from phonology and lexicography to syntax and semantics. The present article critically examines “Living Language: An Introduction to the Anthropological Linguistics” written by Laura M. Ahearn aims to show how the hidden social spheres of language, such as culture, thought, socialization, gender, race, ethnicity, power, etc. can be studied in terms of linguistic use in different contexts. By considering language as a map, we can find a way to understand the society in question.
Educational Science
Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Hosseini
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to criticize the book entitled “Curriculum in Secondary School”. Therefore, a combination of a critical book review, critical philosophical inquiry, and critical educational criticism methods was used. The case of this study was the book written by Farajollahi ...
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The purpose of this study is to criticize the book entitled “Curriculum in Secondary School”. Therefore, a combination of a critical book review, critical philosophical inquiry, and critical educational criticism methods was used. The case of this study was the book written by Farajollahi and Talebi and published in 2014 by the Payam Noor University Press. The tool of criticism of the mentioned book is a checklist (form) of The Iranian Council for Reviewing Books and Texts the Humanities. Qualitative content analysis was also used for data analysis. According to the findings, the strengths of the book include apparent comprehensiveness, typography, the quality of printing and binding, the content congruence with the principles and Foundations of religion and Islam, the use of scientific tools, and equivalence and application of specialized terms. Shortcomings of this book include: Inappropriate cover design, need for scientific and literary editing, inappropriate overall and intra-section coherence, resource ambiguity, lack of scientific analysis, no innovation and no new content, the inconsistency of book’s content with the foundations and presuppositions of the curriculum area and non-Coverage of the approved syllabus of Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.
Jurisprudence and Law
sayyed hosain aletaha; Aref Bashiri
Abstract
Today, the advancement of electronic devices has made the scope of the people’s encroachment on people’s privacy not limited to physical presence, and this has caused people to exploit advanced tools to raid the wealth and property of others, and by overshadowing the social security of the ...
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Today, the advancement of electronic devices has made the scope of the people’s encroachment on people’s privacy not limited to physical presence, and this has caused people to exploit advanced tools to raid the wealth and property of others, and by overshadowing the social security of the society, they will achieve the exaggeration that God has made obligatory to defend. One of these crimes is the threat of extortion of the publication of honorary documents, and the question of the present research is whether the defense of the victim of his integrity against the threat of extortion can be documented in the legitimate defense of jurisprudence and law. Despite the fact that this look has always been the subject of the jurisprudence of elders, it is a serious reflection of the fact that not only the Islamic Penal Code, but also legal analysts have neglected the importance of the lawsuits of the tribunals. In this paper, in order to prove the theory of research based on the accuracy of the criticism of the Islamic Penal Code, the nature of the legitimate defense in the jurisprudential and legal material has been analyzed. It was found that the initiation of extortion is a kind of invasive attack against the integrity of the wage and the defense of the defendant. In addition, it is not permissible and responsible to convey the objection of failure to observe the general rules of jurisprudence, but the title of legitimate defense against such an offensive is correct.
