Archaeology
Sadi Saeedyan
Abstract
The study of the history of the Median state is of high importance as Medes were the first group among Iranian people who formed a large kingdom in the western and central parts of the Iranian Plateau. About two centuries ago, our only source for the study of these people were narratives of classic authors ...
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The study of the history of the Median state is of high importance as Medes were the first group among Iranian people who formed a large kingdom in the western and central parts of the Iranian Plateau. About two centuries ago, our only source for the study of these people were narratives of classic authors and sporadic references of the Old Testament. From the 19th century onward, because of the deciphering of Mesopotamian and old Persian cuneiform inscriptions and the development of archaeological studies, our knowledge of the Median kingdom has remarkably increased. One of the first orientalists who did good research on the Median state and culture, using new sources and materials in his work, was George Rawlinson whose book has recently been translated into Persian. In the present paper, we review the book of “Media” written by Georg Rawlinson which has been published around 150 years ago. We show that although it was considered as leading research at the time of first publishing, its scientific value has decreased inevitably as a long time passed over its writing time. Despite this fact, publishing this book in Persian could be considered a positive step because the book is of high significance in reviewing the development of studies relating to Medes and Media.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Shahram Naghshbandi
Abstract
It seems that ‘Iranians and History of Phonetics’ written by Seyyed Mehdi Samaei is the only book whose primary purpose is to give a short history of Iranian scientists’ phonetic studies and to introduce their achievements. Phonetic studies from the sixth BC to the fifteenth century ...
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It seems that ‘Iranians and History of Phonetics’ written by Seyyed Mehdi Samaei is the only book whose primary purpose is to give a short history of Iranian scientists’ phonetic studies and to introduce their achievements. Phonetic studies from the sixth BC to the fifteenth century AD in Greek, Rome, India, and Islamic states are the topics covered in this book. In this article, an attempt has been made to introduce and review the mentioned work in detail. After introducing the chapters and sections of this book, the formal aspects have been discussed; issues such as the author's style, references, bibliographic information, and phonetic transcription. In the detailed content analysis and criticism of this work, each chapter has been discussed separately according to its subject and purpose. it is concluded that this work should be considered just as some references to the history of linguistics sources and a collection and summary of some old sources in the field of phonetic studies in Islamic states, which critically need to be described and elaborated in current linguistic terms.Keywords: Phonetics, Phonology, Persian, Linguistics History, Samaei.It seems that ‘Iranians and History of Phonetics’ written by Seyyed Mehdi Samaei is the only book whose primary purpose is to give a short history of Iranian scientists’ phonetic studies and to introduce their achievements. Phonetic studies from the sixth BC to the fifteenth century AD in Greek, Rome, India, and Islamic states are the topics covered in this book. In this article, an attempt has been made to introduce and review the mentioned work in detail. After introducing the chapters and sections of this book, the formal aspects have been discussed; issues such as the author's style, references, bibliographic information, and phonetic transcription. In the detailed content analysis and criticism of this work, each chapter has been discussed separately according to its subject and purpose. it is concluded that this work should be considered just as some references to the history of linguistics sources and a collection and summary of some old sources in the field of phonetic studies in Islamic states, which critically need to be described and elaborated in current linguistic terms.
Arabic Language and Literature
Hadi Rezvan
Abstract
Contrary to many studies in the field of Arabic Grammar, Ali Abu al-Makarem’s research has a special place. In his works, he has attempted to study the history of Arabic Grammar by a methodological study in a general and comprehensive way. One of his most important books is “Asul al-Tafkir ...
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Contrary to many studies in the field of Arabic Grammar, Ali Abu al-Makarem’s research has a special place. In his works, he has attempted to study the history of Arabic Grammar by a methodological study in a general and comprehensive way. One of his most important books is “Asul al-Tafkir al-Nahwi” where the author talks about the difficulties facing Arabic Grammar studies. He sought to identify both positive and negative elements by reconstructing classical methods of Arabic Grammar studies. The author of this article, by a comprehensive study of this book, seeks to find an answer to the following questions: What are the most important general principles on which his research is based? What does Grammatical Induction mean in author’s opinion? What steps has the concept of analogy gone through in the history of Arabic Grammar? What is the position of Justification or Explanation and Interpretation in principles of Arabic Grammar ? And what is the impact of correctly recognizing these concepts in Arabic language research and teaching? This paper studies the various chapters and titles of the book to answer such questions, according to the descriptive-analytical methodology.
Anthropology
Sayyed Hossein Hosseini
Abstract
The present paper introduces and criticizes the book, entitled Philosophical Anthropology, authored by Hans Dierkes. In this book, the author has selected texts containing educational perspectives on the subject matter of the discussion, proposed mainly without any comprehensive analysis and deep systematization. ...
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The present paper introduces and criticizes the book, entitled Philosophical Anthropology, authored by Hans Dierkes. In this book, the author has selected texts containing educational perspectives on the subject matter of the discussion, proposed mainly without any comprehensive analysis and deep systematization. After mentioning four levels of philosophical anthropology proposed by Dierkes and criticizing them, this paper talks about the importance of paying attention to the new approach called “dimensional anthropology”, and in addition to investigating the anthropology classification in the book structure, it has referred to the proposed quadripartite model in the human exposure to self, nature, society, and God. In the following, the similarities and differences between the anthropological perspectives are explained using the analytical-critical method, and it paves the way for their philosophical criticism. Accordingly, the most important finding of this research is that most of the anthropological perspectives have paid attention to one or more than one dimension of human facets and have been magnified, and there are few perspectives in which one can achieve the analysis of the relation and interaction between all human forces, indicating the importance of paying attention to the philosophical and methodological foundations of “dimensional anthropology”. This book is very helpful with regard to opening scientific horizons and posing main anthropological questions, but presenting any definition of the realm and examples of philosophical anthropology depends on the explanation of the “subject” and “method” of such approach, and no clear boundary can be found between the four levels of Philosophical Anthropology proposed by Dierkes without having an accurate perspective on its components.
Educational Science
Fatemeh Khoshnevisan; Abbas Abbaspour; Nematollah Fazeli; Mohammad Reza Neyestani
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of a phenomenological investigation of the barriers to entrepreneurship in the Human Sciences at university. The research method was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The study population included experts in the field of human sciences and humanities. ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of a phenomenological investigation of the barriers to entrepreneurship in the Human Sciences at university. The research method was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The study population included experts in the field of human sciences and humanities. The purposeful research sampling method was done, which was saturated theoretically with 12 people. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The research reliability of the data was confirmed by the criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985) and also the method of Denzin (1978) and Patton (1999). The data analysis was an inductive method using a seven-step put forth by Colaizzi (1978). The results showed that in the dimension of employment, two distinct, opposite, and consistent views of the business of the humanities were appreciable. In the category of social acceptance, reduced social status, applied reductions, cultural, spatial planning, discretion in the discourse of the humanities, unknowing social knowledge, and knowledge in the university. In the category of the developmental infrastructure of these sciences, we can refer to objective growth, gender reversal, functional capability, digitization, conflicts of power. In the category of humanities development, lack of the issue, the ability of humanities research, the entrepreneurship of the humanities, the possibilities for the internationalization of these sciences, and the emergence of interdisciplinary science can be enumerated.
Methodology
Mahdi Hoseinzade Yazdi; Mohsen Mollabashi
Abstract
Patrick Baert believes that although there are many capabilities in the field of philosophy of social sciences, pragmatism has not come to its proper place yet due to lack of enough attention on behalf of philosophers. He believes that pragmatism can be used properly in this field, and new prospects ...
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Patrick Baert believes that although there are many capabilities in the field of philosophy of social sciences, pragmatism has not come to its proper place yet due to lack of enough attention on behalf of philosophers. He believes that pragmatism can be used properly in this field, and new prospects in social sciences may be discovered by its assistance. In his Philosophy of the Social Sciences: Towards Pragmatism and due to his criticisms on social sciences and philosophy of social sciences, Baert claims that one of his purposes in the book is to develop a new approach in philosophy of social sciences employing pragmatism. This article is going to explore his claim; before discussing the content, it has scanned all the chapters and analyzed Persian structure and translation of the book. At last and through content review and scrutiny of author’s claim it is concluded the book achievement is far from author’s assertion and his suggestions have no meaningful difference with expressions of hermeneutics, interpreters, instrumentalists, and followers of critical school and Baert have innovated nothing new and commenced no novel path for social sciences.
Arabic Language and Literature
Hesam Hajmomen Sichani
Abstract
This study examines the translation of Mohammad Baher from the book Literary Criticism of Principles and Methods by Seyyed Qutb, from the perspective of information transfer. The question is, what are the most important challenges of information transfer in translating the book? and in what areas ...
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This study examines the translation of Mohammad Baher from the book Literary Criticism of Principles and Methods by Seyyed Qutb, from the perspective of information transfer. The question is, what are the most important challenges of information transfer in translating the book? and in what areas is the translator's performance in terms of information transfer and why is it damaged? The study method is descriptive-analytical, and the Arabic book has been adapted to the Persian translation then the cases in which the translation has been damaged in the transmission of information have been extracted. The order of these injuries is then identified and the injuries are categorized. Under each category, injuries and their occurrence and causes are analyzed. The theory behind the study is Katrina Rice's "text typology" theory. This analysis shows that the translation is damaged in terms of information transfer in five areas: term, word, word combination, sentence, and inter-sentence relations. Finally, it will be concluded that the main challenge of translating the book is the fluctuation of language between the role of information and expression, and the other is the testimony of the various texts quoted in the book.
political science
Behnam Joodi
Abstract
The main focus of this article is a review of Spinoza and Politics by Etienne Balibar. Balibar's idea is that Spinoza's philosophy is essentially political. Balibar begins his study of Spinoza's philosophy with the argument that it cannot be understood as if it existed only on the transhistorical plane ...
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The main focus of this article is a review of Spinoza and Politics by Etienne Balibar. Balibar's idea is that Spinoza's philosophy is essentially political. Balibar begins his study of Spinoza's philosophy with the argument that it cannot be understood as if it existed only on the transhistorical plane of pure theory and that, on the contrary, each of his major works must be understood as an intervention in a specific political and philosophical conjuncture. For this reason, according to Balibar, it is impossible to separate Spinoza's metaphysics from his politics, as if the latter were an application of the former. Instead, Spinoza's philosophy must be seen as political in its eternity, even its most speculative utterances constitute responses to certain political imperatives and are tied to specific historical stakes. It can be said that Balibar was influenced by Althusser in his study of ideas and uses Althusser's term "conjoncture". Accordingly, while examining innovation, methodological features, and Balibar's interpretation of Spinoza, we will point out the mistake of Persian translators in translating the "conjuncture" (conjoncture).
Persian Language and Literature
Behruz Bekbabayi
Abstract
The Cossacks, who had were separated from Turkic society in 1465 and had independent identities until Russian domination, also gained extensive geography in Central Asia after independence. But, we know that this vast geography is part of Iran’s cultural geography. Consequently, the historical ...
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The Cossacks, who had were separated from Turkic society in 1465 and had independent identities until Russian domination, also gained extensive geography in Central Asia after independence. But, we know that this vast geography is part of Iran’s cultural geography. Consequently, the historical process of thought and literature in this field is necessary for the investigation of Iranian scientific circles. As a result, in order to achieve this goal, we reviewed the book “Kazakh History and Literature “Survey and Analysis of Historical and Literary Links with Iran” by Islam Zhemeni. In this review, we will mention the positive features of the book, such as providing brief information on the history and culture of the Kazakhs, the various periods of Kazakh literature, especially the literature of the Stalin era, and the way in which the Cossack intellectuals struggled with Stalin’s despotism at the head of them in the process of Kazakh culture and thinking. Particularly, we will refer to the most influential Kazakh indicators, such as Abai Qunanbayoglu, Shahkarim, Mokhtar Avesov, and so on. We will also look at some of the flaws in the book, such as repetition and the emotional content of some of the content and the weakness of the book’s layout and editing. This book is very important in knowing the way and time of the influence of Iranian culture and literature in those areas.
Sociology
Reza Bigdelou
Abstract
Identity, or the examination of who and what man is, has developed as a type of historical awareness and serves a variety of individual and societal functions. Due to the complexity of the identification process and the vastness of layers and aspects of identity, the growth of globalization, the establishment ...
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Identity, or the examination of who and what man is, has developed as a type of historical awareness and serves a variety of individual and societal functions. Due to the complexity of the identification process and the vastness of layers and aspects of identity, the growth of globalization, the establishment of modern and postmodern educational institutions and frameworks to describe its principles, elements, and functions, and the implications of recent political, social, and economic events, the subject of identity has become a critical and fundamental concern. In Iran also, identity has emerged as a critical social, political, and scientific issue. The purpose of this article is to perform a critical examination of the book Iranian Identity: From Antiquity to the End of Pahlavi emphasizing both its strengths and weaknesses. The study's findings signify that the book has become a widely cited source in the Iranian scientific ـ research community as a result of its theoretical principles and research methodology; however, the book's lack of operational definitions for key concepts, emphasis on Iranian identity discussion while ignoring other identity discussions, and inconsistencies in the theoretical and methodological framework, reliance on the periods of political history, and a neglect of the challenges resulting from the confrontation between Iranian and national identities, all contribute to the book's shortcomings.
Jurisprudence and Law
Mohammad Mahdi Alsharif; Seyyed Mohsen Ghaemfard
Abstract
It is easy but rigorous to compile an educational textbook. In such books, requirements of educational texts should be responded alongside matters such as the accuracy and solidity of the principles, the avoidance of inconsistencies, which are essential in the compilation of any textbook. The requirements ...
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It is easy but rigorous to compile an educational textbook. In such books, requirements of educational texts should be responded alongside matters such as the accuracy and solidity of the principles, the avoidance of inconsistencies, which are essential in the compilation of any textbook. The requirements of any educational texts are as follows: fluency, the logical order of topics, avoidance of turbulence, garrulity and hyper-brevity, considering the audience perception, using many illustrative instances, the inclusion of all significant matters and exclusion of unnecessary topics at the same time, description of key concepts and terms before applying them and motivating for deeper studies. Despite some worthy features, the book, written by Hasan Rahpeikar considered in this article, has not been successful enough in some foregoing areas. The text is not that much fluent and eloquent. The gradual order of the topics has not been held from major to minor ones. There are some necessary headlines completely missed in the text and some others, which have been briefly expressed so that it is not smooth and lucrative enough for beginner readers. The book is garbled in terms of some fundamental and substantive issues like fault and basis of civil liability. Overall, in spite of its excellency, the book is needed to be revised and edited in order to be applied as an educational textbook. Beside the revisions in the context and legal analysis, it iss required to be revised in terms of formal issues and compiling roots.
Economy
Mohammad Soleimani
Abstract
The book Risk Sharing in Finance: The Islamic Finance Alternative (Askari, Iqbal, Krichne and Mirakhor, 2012) seeking to draw the general spirit of the Islamic financial system, explaining its differences with the conventional system (in roots and foundations and also In functions and consequences) as ...
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The book Risk Sharing in Finance: The Islamic Finance Alternative (Askari, Iqbal, Krichne and Mirakhor, 2012) seeking to draw the general spirit of the Islamic financial system, explaining its differences with the conventional system (in roots and foundations and also In functions and consequences) as well as drawing its main building blocks in a deep and fundamental approach. In this book, "risk sharing" is introduced as the central concept of the Islamic financial system. Risk sharing system by linking the real sector to the financial sector, prevents the “financialization” and the occurrence of successive crises; On the other hand, due to the emphasis on risk sharing, it will increase financial inclusion and consequently, the welfare of the community. From the authors' point of view, this system has not been realized yet and the financial system in Islamic countries is far from its ideal situation due to the lack of some institutional prerequisites. In the critical review of the book, there is not much criticism of the main idea, but there are some weaknesses in the processing of some concepts and relations, as well as the explanation of some philosophical foundations, consequences and functions, and the implementation of the ideal Islamic system.
Archaeology
Hossein Habibi
Abstract
The political and administrative structures of the Sasanian Empire have been the focus of numerous research. For the rather recent developments of the subject, though, Rika Gyselen’s studies have been crucial. Thirty years after her trailblazing 1989’s book in the field, the publication of ...
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The political and administrative structures of the Sasanian Empire have been the focus of numerous research. For the rather recent developments of the subject, though, Rika Gyselen’s studies have been crucial. Thirty years after her trailblazing 1989’s book in the field, the publication of La géographie administrative de l’empire sassanide. Les témoignages épigraphiques en moyen-perse have brought about these developments fulfilled and provided us with yet another monumental work of research on the dynamics of the administrative geography of the state. Therefore, the main focuses of this essay are concerned with the review of the latter book and the progress it achieved in the field, along with the academic background of the author. To that end, the content of each chapter is meticulously presented and its potentialities for authorities is noted. Then, some points that could have improved the work and helped it to meet further expectations of an even more comprehensive repertoire, together with suggestions for future research, are succinctly provided. The book delivers a factual account while founding the research design on the examination of Middle-Persian epigraphic primary sources. Therefore, a catalogue raisonné presents a state-of-the-art corpus of Sasanian scholarship according to a diachronic-comparative approach.
History
Abolhasan Fayaz Anush
Abstract
The book Homo Deus can be considered the final product of the Harary project. In this book, he seeks to answer the question, “What does the future hold for mankind?”. According to the historiographical theory that Harary had adopted in his previous work Homo Sapines, he pursues arguments ...
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The book Homo Deus can be considered the final product of the Harary project. In this book, he seeks to answer the question, “What does the future hold for mankind?”. According to the historiographical theory that Harary had adopted in his previous work Homo Sapines, he pursues arguments in his new work Homo Deus, based on the theory of evolutionism, with the difference that the possibilities and opportunities that artificial evolution or human intervention in the process of evolution may have the largest share in shaping his futuristic ideas. This article seeks to explain the relationship between the necessities that the capitalist system faces in order to survive, with a critical approach and focusing on the two concepts of “Determinism” and “Totalitarianism”. The main idea of this article is that the Harary project lays the groundwork for a kind of totalitarian utopia of capitalism. Criticism of this issue has become necessary due to the political implications of the Harary project.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Leila Varahram
Abstract
The main topic of the book is the social and intellectual life of the Manichaean minority in Islamic society until the 3rd century AH. It includes three sections and six chapters. The first part provides a brief introduction to Manichaeism and its historical background according to Arabic books. ...
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The main topic of the book is the social and intellectual life of the Manichaean minority in Islamic society until the 3rd century AH. It includes three sections and six chapters. The first part provides a brief introduction to Manichaeism and its historical background according to Arabic books. In two later chapters, there are the names of famous Manichaeans or Zandiqs, mentioned in Arabic books, but there is no new point about these persons. Overall, the present book is totally dependent upon old Arabic sources and denies original Manichaean texts or western studies. The study is based on Talcott Parson’s theory of structural functionalism. Parson’s theory sees society as a system, which has four interpenetrating and interrelated subsystems, and analyzes both the general system and the subsystems, that all of them contribute to its operation as a whole. This theory is not appropriate for the study of the cultural coexistence of Manicheans and Muslims under the Umayyads and Abbasids.
Arabic Language and Literature
Morteza Zare Beromi
Abstract
The book “Resistance Literature” (1970) by Ghali Shokri is a critique of resistance in literary genres. The main subject of this book is about heroes in literary types. The literary works contained in this book are a collection of novels, myths, theaters and poems for the nations. The analysis ...
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The book “Resistance Literature” (1970) by Ghali Shokri is a critique of resistance in literary genres. The main subject of this book is about heroes in literary types. The literary works contained in this book are a collection of novels, myths, theaters and poems for the nations. The analysis of Resistance Literature is based on a descriptive and analytical approach. We also rely on critical and analytical methods in writing this paper. Structural evaluation for this book includes the following: Cover design, book title, index, language, page layout, references, footnotes, and index for information. And content evaluation is done according to the author’s analysis about hero and heroism in literary types. The research results indicate: Cover design, book title and index need to be reviewed, the language of the book is written smoothly, the book’s content is unbalanced between literature against nations, 64.66% of the book’s ability is devoted to Arabic literature and 35.34% to literature in other countries, the author is interested resistance literature in Egypt and France, more than other countries.
Anthropology
Akbar Zare Shahabadi; Hamideh Shiri-Mohammadabad
Abstract
Over the last two decades, a change has occurred in the paradigm of the development model, especially individual and social development, and the theoretical model of dynamic human training has been attracting considerable interest since then. Indeed, humans and their needs were viewed from a different ...
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Over the last two decades, a change has occurred in the paradigm of the development model, especially individual and social development, and the theoretical model of dynamic human training has been attracting considerable interest since then. Indeed, humans and their needs were viewed from a different angle, and the communities set it as their goal to educate and train psychologically and socially good/OK humans. Thomas A. Harris, an American author, is one of the noted psychiatrists who has researched this subject for several decades. He has written several books on the good status and the good human. He believes that good training bred good status. This article firstly provides a short introduction about the book, and then in the second part, the Transactional Analysis Theory is introduced, and then the structure and content of the book are mentioned in the third part. In the rest of the paper, the criticisms and evaluation of the book are presented in two sub-sections (a) evaluation of form and (b) evaluation of the content. In the final section of the paper, the conclusion of the book is presented.
Methodology
Khadije Hosseinzade; Seyyed Ahmad Bardei; Reza Habibi
Abstract
A proper textbook has special features and criteria which make it distinguished from other books. Since textbooks have determining and key roles in the learning process, content analysis of textbooks has prominent significance. So, this article aims to clarify how much “Exegetical Methods of Quran” ...
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A proper textbook has special features and criteria which make it distinguished from other books. Since textbooks have determining and key roles in the learning process, content analysis of textbooks has prominent significance. So, this article aims to clarify how much “Exegetical Methods of Quran” is adaptive with features and criteria of textbooks? The mothed is used here is descriptive-analytic, relying upon content analysis techniques. Studying the book and comparing it with criteria of textbooks show that this book is totally adapted with criteria of novelty and perfection content. However, from the perspective of content criteria of textbooks, %67 of goals, %65 of exercises, %50of pre-advance-organizers and %10/63 of summaries are not in the suitable condition.
Information Science and Epistemology
Hamidreza Radfar; Maryam Salami; Solmaz Noori
Abstract
Libraries and information centers always try to provide the best and most appropriate answers to their clients’ questions and needs. Due to the increasing and diverse variety of information resources, many libraries do not the capacity to provide these resources and make them accessible. Narges ...
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Libraries and information centers always try to provide the best and most appropriate answers to their clients’ questions and needs. Due to the increasing and diverse variety of information resources, many libraries do not the capacity to provide these resources and make them accessible. Narges Neshat considers cooperation between libraries and information centers as a solution to expand the library’s access to a variety of information resources to meet the needs of their clients. Moreover, by publishing the book “Collaborative Systems in Libraries and Information Centers”, the author has addressed this issue. This resource, which can be considered as an educational resource for students of information and knowledge science and an applied source for specialists and professionals in this science, was critically examined in a descriptive-analytical manner. In this article, after introducing the book, its author and publisher, the structure of the book is mentioned, and then the book is reviewed in both form and content terms. This work is a specialized book in the subject of cooperation between libraries and information centers and has an appropriate scientific level. The most important weakness of this work is the lack of applied aspects; a few parts of this book are not specialized, and the resources used for this work are old.
political science
Seyyed Reza Hoseini; Mostafa Rezaee; Amir Etemadi Bozorg
Abstract
Vanessa Martin is an English-speaking scholar of contemporary Iranian history who attempts to examine the Constitutional Revolution from an external perspective and its socio-political developments in her book. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the book analytically-critically in terms ...
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Vanessa Martin is an English-speaking scholar of contemporary Iranian history who attempts to examine the Constitutional Revolution from an external perspective and its socio-political developments in her book. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the book analytically-critically in terms of form, method, theory and content. Vanessa Martin's focus in this book is to identify political currents and socio-economic and local developments outside of Tehran that have had a direct impact on the Constitutional Revolution and its aftermath. A review of the book shows that the author has tried to define local constitutionalism in relation to national identity. The findings show that from the author's point of view, in terms of the traditional context of Iranian society and the clergy, the constitutional revolution is considered a historical and religious issue, but intellectuals consider it a mythical and modern issue. Vanessa Martin's innovation in this book is to identify the role of local forces, especially in the regions of Azerbaijan, Bushehr, Fars and Isfahan in the Constitutional Revolution, but in the type of classification of political currents and their definition of the constitutional revolution, there are problems that need to be corrected in later versions.
Persian Language and Literature
Alireza Hajianejad
Abstract
Shortly after the Ghoshirieh treatise was written, it was first translated into Persian by Abu Ali bin Ahmad Osmani for the use of Farsi language speakers, and after a while, the translation was modified or provided with another version. With the help of the Arabic text and based on the manuscripts of ...
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Shortly after the Ghoshirieh treatise was written, it was first translated into Persian by Abu Ali bin Ahmad Osmani for the use of Farsi language speakers, and after a while, the translation was modified or provided with another version. With the help of the Arabic text and based on the manuscripts of Süleymaniye Library_Lala İsmail and British Museum, Badiozzaman Forouzanfar corrected this book for the first time in 1966. The educational aspects of the book and the emergence of some inadvertences prompted others to provide a further correction of the Arabic original and its Persian translation. Just like and after Mohebbati, Rowzatian and Mirbaqerifard believe that Forouzanfar has made a methodological mistake in his work by comparing two versions of a translation, both of which have been conducted by one translator. Based on the manuscript in the Hagia Sophia museum and by checking it with the manuscript available in the British Museum, they have corrected the Ghoshirieh treatise. Low-false suitable typography and several indexes are the main advantages of this manuscript. The weak aspects of its suspicions, neglecting the introduction of the sources of Arabic distiches and the Arabic text of the work are among the disadvantages of the manuscript besides neglecting its comparison with the Forouzanfar’s manuscript.
Methodology
Maryam Poostforush; Mostafa Taqavi
Abstract
Different narratives have been offered so far of the nature of science and scientific activity. Roy Bhaskar as one of the leading critical realists seeks to set the ground for a Copernican Revolution in the philosophy of science which seems to have been handled well by him. To this end, he proceeds ...
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Different narratives have been offered so far of the nature of science and scientific activity. Roy Bhaskar as one of the leading critical realists seeks to set the ground for a Copernican Revolution in the philosophy of science which seems to have been handled well by him. To this end, he proceeds to highlight the ontological debates and at the same time pays attention to the social nature of science. In A Realist Theory of Science, which contains original and powerful arguments in the philosophy of science, not only does he raise criticisms against some philosophical schools and explains his own theory of science, rather he does also broach significant categories in the philosophy of science. His remarks with their philosophical basis can inspire the scholar who studies Bhaskar’s philosophy. Among the most important ones of these categories, one can refer to the mutuality of ontological realism and epistemological relativism as well as his criticism of Tarsky’s theory of truth. This essay aims at reviewing Bhaskar’s key work in the philosophy of natural sciences and identification of its points of weakness and strength using a descriptive ـ analytic method. This is undertaken through a detailed review of the whole book in view of its formal, qualitative, and content dimensions. The essay is concluded by a number of practical suggestions.
Management and Policy Making
Abdul Momen Hakimi; Ali Asghar Shoaei
Abstract
Epistemology is a scale and measurement criterion. In the knowledge of quality management, organizational phenomena are measured by science and the position of science itself is measured by epistemology. Epistemology is the center of analysis of many management processes that without proper knowledge, ...
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Epistemology is a scale and measurement criterion. In the knowledge of quality management, organizational phenomena are measured by science and the position of science itself is measured by epistemology. Epistemology is the center of analysis of many management processes that without proper knowledge, organizations may face serious challenges in dealing with people in the organization. The epistemological critique of the mentioned theory has been done by applying the qualitative method of interrogative thematic interpretation of the Qur'an. The epistemological critique of the mentioned theory has been done by applying the qualitative method of interrogative thematic interpretation of the Qur'an. The research findings show that the Qur'an does not consider reliance on reason and human findings alone to be sufficient for cognition and experience, sense and induction as preliminary steps for complete and reliable cognition based on heart faith, rational and narrative arguments. (Quran and Sunnah) which has a realistic nature with two vertical (with the Creator) and horizontal views (Jawarahi and Javanhi behaviors of the creature and the whole universe). According to the Qur'an, cognitive tools are not only inductive, such as observation and experimentation based on human behavior; but also, its sources have a wide range such as revelation, intellect, heart, sense and the whole universe, which has unlimited validity and has a different view of the mentioned school.
Arabic Language and Literature
Abdolrazagh Rahmani
Abstract
The research method is one of the fundamental courses that has been grown well in recent decades and has been well received; but unfortunately, despite the emphasis today on the research method and its proper application in various fields of science, we are witnessing less attention to this issue and ...
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The research method is one of the fundamental courses that has been grown well in recent decades and has been well received; but unfortunately, despite the emphasis today on the research method and its proper application in various fields of science, we are witnessing less attention to this issue and its methods and principles in student research. Since most universities focus on research and research programs, they try to increase the student's awareness and knowledge of research methods in specialized fields. The book Concise of the Approach to Scientific Research on Education and Anthropology written by Dr Saif al-Islam has tried to explain the method of scientific research and the principles of dissertation writing to students. In the present study, this book has been reviewed and criticized with a descriptive-analytical method and has enumerated some of its advantages and shortcomings. Based on the findings of the current study, the author's ability to explain the content, coherence and order of topics, emphasizing the need to use a computer in scientific research, and observing writing marks are among the most important strengths of the book. However, lack of attention to in-text citations, lack of use of sources, and lack of comprehensiveness of some content and lack of explanation of the difference between methodology and research methods are the shortcomings of the book.
Jurisprudence and Law
Bagher Ansari
Abstract
Establishing the Human Rights Course in Iran has formally accomplished in 1993 by the enrollment of applicants in four universities. Now, its relation to Islamic thoughts is one of the main questions in this course. If the status of syllabuses, students, theses, research, educators, and resources indicate ...
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Establishing the Human Rights Course in Iran has formally accomplished in 1993 by the enrollment of applicants in four universities. Now, its relation to Islamic thoughts is one of the main questions in this course. If the status of syllabuses, students, theses, research, educators, and resources indicate that there is proper interaction between this course and Islamic thoughts or they have contradictory relations. How can we strengthen their interactions? This article intends to, firstly, describe content and method of Human Rights Course and its Islamic thought embodiments, as formally defined and practically applied, then it compares the results with the main-stream and well-known thoughts regarding human rights. Finally, it proposes some suggestions for a better interaction between them.
