Jurisprudence and Law
Manoochehr Tavassoli Naeeni
Volume 10, Issue 21 , December 2011, , Pages 1-205
Abstract
Establishing Iran law schools which were of the same style as law schools in Belgium and France during Qajar dynasty, caused Iran legal system to have a tendency to German- Roman legal traditions in addition to Islamic law. The history of law education in Iran shows that at the moment, Iran legal system ...
Read More
Establishing Iran law schools which were of the same style as law schools in Belgium and France during Qajar dynasty, caused Iran legal system to have a tendency to German- Roman legal traditions in addition to Islamic law. The history of law education in Iran shows that at the moment, Iran legal system is far away from legal systems of the developed countries and has lost its dynamic nature. Thus we are in need of pathology of different fields of study in law in academic centers, regarding different dimensions like resources, teaching methods, and curriculum development. This can be done by comparative study of law education in Iran and other countries. In this article, we try to compare the history of law education and teaching method in Iran and France.
History
Parviz Hossein Talaei
Volume 11, Issue 22 , June 2011, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Translating in Iran goes back to Hakhamaneshian era, when epigraphs were written in other languages. In Iran, we can think of translation movement in three different eras. The first movement happened in Sasanian era, especially after the foundation of Jundishapour. According to the existing resources, ...
Read More
Translating in Iran goes back to Hakhamaneshian era, when epigraphs were written in other languages. In Iran, we can think of translation movement in three different eras. The first movement happened in Sasanian era, especially after the foundation of Jundishapour. According to the existing resources, translations in that era did not include history books. The second movement blossomed at the end of second century, after the foundation of Bait al –Hikmah (House of Wisdom).In this era, under the influence of Greek Philosophy, translation of history books was not also taken into consideration, and only after the development and expansion of relations between Iran and European countries in Safavid era, the need for translation became evident again. However, the third movement started during Qajarieh , after Russia defeated Iran, and foreign military and scientific boards entered the country. In this research, the factors which encouraged writers and translators in Qajar era to translate history books and its effects on attracting and bringing together researchers and the readers in this field has been studied. The results showed that the wars between Iran and Russia initiated the first translations of history texts. Establishment of Dar- al- Fonoun (house of science), Dar-al-Tarjama (Translation House), orientology tendency, and archeology discoveries in Iran helped the translation of history texts and focusing on this kind of translation to reach to its highest point so far. Furthermore, translation of history books resulted in changing the method of historiography, taking into consideration the history of ancient Iran, and introducing revolutionary thoughts to Iranians.
History
Reza Dehghani
Volume 11, Issue 23 , December 2012, , Pages 1-20
Abstract
Iran and Ottaman history have always had a lot in common regarding history, culture, and religion. Being neighbor and vast common borders, having same religions, having a lot in common regarding language, literature , and Art caused the two nations have mutual effects in each other’s history.Ottoman ...
Read More
Iran and Ottaman history have always had a lot in common regarding history, culture, and religion. Being neighbor and vast common borders, having same religions, having a lot in common regarding language, literature , and Art caused the two nations have mutual effects in each other’s history.Ottoman Turkish with a lot of derivations (borrowings) from Persian and Arabic words is classified as one of the Islamic languages which had been the official language of Ottoman emperor at the old times. Considering the historiography, during the long period of having relationship with Iran, the Ottoman historians have written about Iran issues and events briefly or in detail, due to the fact that the two countries are neighbors, have similar language and interim developments. To historians such works are of value and worth consideration. In Qajar era, especially at the time of Nasser al-Din Shah (during Nasser al-Din Shah Reign) some of these works have been translated into Persian, among them are such works as Hamidi Hitory translated by Ali Gholi Khan, Biography of Sultan Abdul Hamid and the situation of the Ottoman Empire during his reign, translated by Mohammad Hassan Khan Etemad ol-Saltaneh. Ever since the tradition of translating Ottaman history texts didn’t blossom, and was neglected.Because of such background and the fact that researches about Ottoman basically lack a rich literature, it is necessary to recognize the well known works and main and authentic sources in historiography of Ottoman, and particularly historiography of Iran and Ottoman relations, and translate them into Persian. In that case all the needed materials for deep bilateral research will be provided.This study, aims at introducing literature in the field of translating history texts from Ottoman to Persian in the last two decades, and the selected works and sources with a glance at the reasons. At the end some suggestions and strategies for reaching this goal is presented.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Ali Bayat
Volume 12, Issue 24 , April 2012, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Study and Analysis of Urdu Elegiac Poets Innovations Ali Bayat* According to some researchers and critics of the indian subcontinent, among poetic literary genre of Urdu literature, “elegy” is a genre quite independent from the Arabic and even the Persian one. A research study can verify ...
Read More
Study and Analysis of Urdu Elegiac Poets Innovations Ali Bayat* According to some researchers and critics of the indian subcontinent, among poetic literary genre of Urdu literature, “elegy” is a genre quite independent from the Arabic and even the Persian one. A research study can verify this fact. It is clear that since past times mourning and lamenting for the dead has been present in the cultures of all nations throughout the world, and will be so in future as well. The only difference among them relates to the genres of means, and intensity or weakness of expressing sadness. Elegy for the martyrs of Karbala in Persian and Urdu has got a special form because of its religious aspects. Elegy writers of Urdu, specifically, famous poets like Mir Anis and Mirza Dabir have developed elegy so much that most of the researchers and critics of the Indian subcontinent, apart from their religious inclinations, have confessed about its literary significance. They added some parts to elegy, which more than being sad, its dialogic and characteristics attract the readers and listeners. Creating new terms like "Bain" (Lamentation), “Shahadat” (Martyrdom), “Razm” (war) and etc. in the form of Tarkib-band-e Mosadas, they have developed a new literary genre. Therefore, only prominent poets could enter in this new arena, and during the shining period of Urdu elegy in Lakhnaw, low-educated poets automatically were put aside, and prominent poets elevated importance of Urdu elegy very much. Study and Analysis of Urdu Elegiac Poets Innovations According to some researchers and critics of the indian subcontinent, among poetic literary genre of Urdu literature, “elegy” is a genre quite independent from the Arabic and even the Persian one. A research study can verify this fact. It is clear that since past times mourning and lamenting for the dead has been present in the cultures of all nations throughout the world, and will be so in future as well. The only difference among them relates to the genres of means, and intensity or weakness of expressing sadness. Elegy for the martyrs of Karbala in Persian and Urdu has got a special form because of its religious aspects. Elegy writers of Urdu, specifically, famous poets like Mir Anis and Mirza Dabir have developed elegy so much that most of the researchers and critics of the Indian subcontinent, apart from their religious inclinations, have confessed about its literary significance. They added some parts to elegy, which more than being sad, its dialogic and characteristics attract the readers and listeners. Creating new terms like "Bain" (Lamentation), “Shahadat” (Martyrdom), “Razm” (war) and etc. in the form of Tarkib-band-e Mosadas, they have developed a new literary genre. Therefore, only prominent poets could enter in this new arena, and during the shining period of Urdu elegy in Lakhnaw, low-educated poets automatically were put aside, and prominent poets elevated importance of Urdu elegy very much.
Arabic Language and Literature
Sayyed MohammadReza Ibnorrasool; Maryam Jalaei
Volume 12, Issue 25 , April 2013, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
The eloquence such as grammar and syntax were created, at first, for understanding the secrets and mysteries of holy Quran and its rhetorical miracle aspects by considering the Quran and also the ignorance verses; but they were gradually applied in other poetry and prose in Arabic texts and compiled ...
Read More
The eloquence such as grammar and syntax were created, at first, for understanding the secrets and mysteries of holy Quran and its rhetorical miracle aspects by considering the Quran and also the ignorance verses; but they were gradually applied in other poetry and prose in Arabic texts and compiled in the forms of coherent rules and finally this process caused the existence of valuable books. One of these valuable books was Javaher Al-balaghah, written by Sayyed Ahmad Hashemi, which was used as the best textbooks in teaching the eloquence. Hence it has been published many times.In spite of what is mentioned, the book, similar to any other human written works, has some defects and inaccuracies. It is investigated and shown in the present article that some of definitions and the expressions of the book are insufficient or inaccurate according to educational courses of old books in the field of Arabic eloquence in the three title of eloquence-simile, metonymy and allegory. The investigation illustrated that the writer, in case of rhetorical subjects, did not define some expressions but the major inaccuracies and deficiencies of the book are related to the writer’s examples in which the readers can realize his negligence even after a little thinking and comparing to the other testifiers of the book.
political science
Mostafa Eskandari
Volume 13, Issue 26 , April 2013, , Pages 1-17
Abstract
In this paper, after introducing the book and its strengths, it has been assessed in three aspects: 1. Methodological flaws including lack of definition of the terms, lack of attention to the tradition of Infallibles, and lack of balance in the debate. 2. Content flaws including inaccuracy in using specialized ...
Read More
In this paper, after introducing the book and its strengths, it has been assessed in three aspects: 1. Methodological flaws including lack of definition of the terms, lack of attention to the tradition of Infallibles, and lack of balance in the debate. 2. Content flaws including inaccuracy in using specialized terms, inaccuracy in giving equivalents to specialized terms, use of vague terms, inadequate use of available resources, inaccuracy in references and citations, mistranslations, reliance on contradictory sources, falsification, some inconsistencies, incorrect conclusions, and lack of attention of the negative effects of some contents. 3. Grammar and writing flaws including lack of attention to the spelling of words, failure to follow grammar and writing rules, scarcity of words, lack of attention to punctuation, confusion between the rules of Persian and Arabic.
Economy
Ali Asghar Esfandiary; Arash Jamalmanesh
Volume 13, Issue 27 , April 2013, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
In line with the second national conference on humanities and the second pre-conference of the economic group on explaining modernization of the subjects in the field of economics at undergraduate and graduate levels, the following points are discussed in this paper. In order to modernize the contents ...
Read More
In line with the second national conference on humanities and the second pre-conference of the economic group on explaining modernization of the subjects in the field of economics at undergraduate and graduate levels, the following points are discussed in this paper. In order to modernize the contents and titles, the subjects in the taught in the field of economics in some top universities in the world are first investigated. These subjects are then compared with the subjects approved by the High Council of Cultural Revolution in the past thirty years and the ones implemented in recent years in some top universities in Iran. The viewpoints of the colleagues mentioned in the previous pre-conference are also compared and discussed in this paper. The result indicates that the compositions and contents of the subjects in the field of economics need to be reviewed fundamentally.
Sociology
F. Ershad
Volume 13, Issue 29 , June 2014, , Pages 1-22
Persian Language and Literature
Issa amankhani
Volume 13, Issue 28 , June 2014, , Pages 1-17
Persian Language and Literature
Mahmoud Bashiri
Volume 14, Issue 30 , September 2014, , Pages 1-15
Abstract
In the last three decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, a wide variety of books have been written about the contemporaray literature of Iran in both prose and poetry form, each having its own specific characteristics. Among all these books “The Contemporary Literature of Iran- Prose” ...
Read More
In the last three decades after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, a wide variety of books have been written about the contemporaray literature of Iran in both prose and poetry form, each having its own specific characteristics. Among all these books “The Contemporary Literature of Iran- Prose” written by Mohammadreza Ruzbeh is different to some extent. However, the mentioned book is not far from some faults it comprises the proper samples and an extensive amount of contemporary proses within acceptable review and analysis of them, all gathered in a small volume. It should be also considered that this book has been selected as a refrence book of bachelor course of Persian literature. Therefore, it is of great importance including several benefites and points and can be regarded as a chosen training text in educational courses. In this article the stengnth and weakness aspects of this book has been investigated.
Philosophy
Abdurrazzaq Hesamifar
Volume 14, Issue 31 , October 2014, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
Abstract: The relation between science and religion is one of the most important issues that is discussed in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of religion and it is regarded in two fields: the human demand to both of them and the confrontation of their propositions in describing the laws of ...
Read More
Abstract: The relation between science and religion is one of the most important issues that is discussed in the philosophy of science and the philosophy of religion and it is regarded in two fields: the human demand to both of them and the confrontation of their propositions in describing the laws of nature. This issue was not out of the domain of the deeply assessing of Motahhari and his dealing with it can be traced in his books; the work that has been done by Motahhari’s attitude to the science and religion. In this book, writer tries to present Motahhari’s view on the issue according to his books. He has discussed it in two ways: the relation between science and faith and emphasis on human’s demand to both of them and the conflict between science and religion. Religion, in his view, is fixed and certain while science is variable and uncertain. The target of this article is to review the book and to suggest some revisions for it
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Reza Amini
Volume 14, Issue 32 , February 2015, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
This article is a review of the book “de l’imperfection” of Algirdas- Julien Greimas, translated by Hamid-Reza Shairi into Persian. The book is started by the “note of the translator” which is very influential in both knowing Greimas and understanding whatever he has said ...
Read More
This article is a review of the book “de l’imperfection” of Algirdas- Julien Greimas, translated by Hamid-Reza Shairi into Persian. The book is started by the “note of the translator” which is very influential in both knowing Greimas and understanding whatever he has said in his book. Greimas has provided his ideas in the book in a way that in each case, ultimately, the imperfection of meaning become apparent and known to the reader. From this viewpoint, this book is too important in semio-semantic studies, since the problem of meaning has always been of great concern for the researchers in different fields of knowledge because of the indeterminate and instable nature of meaning. In fact, in “de l’imperfection”, Greimas has left the classical semiotics behind, and by providing examples and texts and picturing specific circumstances and situations for the reader, has paid attention to the aesthetic aspects of the meaning, and in this way, and of course by a kind of poetic language, pave the way for the appearance of the patent and instable aspects of meaning, and in this way, paves the way to know these aspects.
Arabic Language and Literature
shokouh alsadat hosseini
Volume 14, Issue 33 , June 2015, , Pages 1-13
Abstract
Literature and art have always been a mirror reflecting the human intellect and thought and also the best way to penetrate the inner layers of the human community. To understand the relationship between societies and cultures it is preferable that the researchers use artists’ – writers’ ...
Read More
Literature and art have always been a mirror reflecting the human intellect and thought and also the best way to penetrate the inner layers of the human community. To understand the relationship between societies and cultures it is preferable that the researchers use artists’ – writers’ transactions in the field of art and literature in order to test the range and level of this relation. During the two centuries of its short life comparative literature, a new knowledge which has been formed to this end, has offered good and adequate understanding to the seekers of common axes of human thoughts. “Comparative Literature: Based on Conjunction of Malek o'Shoara Bahar and Amir Al-Shoara Shoghi” authored by Abolhassan Amin Moqaddasi is one of the books which has been written in this field in Iran and this essay has tried to examine and criticize it. This article is based on measuring the harmony of the book with educational standards at Iranian universities, and therefore analyzing its strengths and weaknesses.
Arabic Language and Literature
.Mohammad Ojaqi; .Mohammad Reza ibn Al-rasool
Volume 15, Issue 34 , June 2015, , Pages 1-19
Abstract
Abstract Al-nnahv – Al-ghayeb is a study in syntax of Arabic that its author makes an attempt to explain syntax of Arabic, by completely different approaches and updated in order that the outline applicable and meets the wants of Arabic learner and non Arabic learner. As its author additionally ...
Read More
Abstract Al-nnahv – Al-ghayeb is a study in syntax of Arabic that its author makes an attempt to explain syntax of Arabic, by completely different approaches and updated in order that the outline applicable and meets the wants of Arabic learner and non Arabic learner. As its author additionally believes this book has 3 characteristics not found in alternative works of its kind. These characteristics are: 1. Distinction between Arabic learner and non Arabic learner in the compilation of syntax books and training. 2. Getting rid of the rule of Nohat syntax and Approaching to syntax of the Arabic language. 3. Efforts to the principles of transformational syntax, instead of addressing the trivia. According to this approach, and attributes attempt during this paper, to ought to be monitored the work that mentioned on top of mistreatment criteria and scientific instruments to accurately confirm what quantity of characteristics of scientific and technical experience has a sway.
History
Mohamad Amir Ahmadzadeh
Volume 15, Issue 35 , October 2015, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
Constitutional revolution has been the most important historical event that influenced the growth of urbanization and social classification in contemporary Iran. Creating new concepts such as nation-state, establishment of new training centers with the aim of developing modern public education, the establishment ...
Read More
Constitutional revolution has been the most important historical event that influenced the growth of urbanization and social classification in contemporary Iran. Creating new concepts such as nation-state, establishment of new training centers with the aim of developing modern public education, the establishment of a legislative body and into some social groups with the aim of developing modern activism into the public domain, Historical position to find the social and historical development of the masses and the role of community groups off constitutional changes, all of these were some of components that Signaled the start of a new way to social activist groups in urban and educated groups having average economic level of development for doing the internal role of developments. However, development factors and some structural barriers such as cultural, economic and political Obstacles contributed in expansion and success of this new layer of society in different periods. The book named "middle class" has sought to analyze and assess the political discourse in the middle groups of Iranian society from 1941 to 2001 AD, with a sociological approach. But, it should be criticized its scientific evaluation from the methodological, theoretical and historical, and structural perspectives. I am going to analyze the content of this book with a critical method for finding this problem that:"why this book has not a comprehensive perspective at the middle class problems in Iran after constitutional revolution?"
Foreign Languages
Mohammad Ahmadi Safa; Mojtaba Farahani
Volume 15, Issue 36 , November 2015, , Pages 1-21
Abstract
Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the Iranian EFL teachers’ perspectives on the Intercultural Competence development potentiality of an Iranian ELT textbook named “Prospect One”. To this end, 70 teachers were chosen for answering a researcher-made questionnaire, 22 of ...
Read More
Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the Iranian EFL teachers’ perspectives on the Intercultural Competence development potentiality of an Iranian ELT textbook named “Prospect One”. To this end, 70 teachers were chosen for answering a researcher-made questionnaire, 22 of whom participated in the interview. The findings revealed that the evaluated textbook lacked the necessary potential for developing Intercultural Competence. Interview results showed that (a) both previous Iranian ELT textbooks and the current one demonstrated a weak performance for developing Intercultural Competence; (b) the current book lacked intercultural objectives; (c) with regard to its cultural and intercultural features, students did not consider the current book to be appropriate; (d) different tasks in the book did not intend to reinforce Intercultural Competence; and (e) the lack of foreign language culture and other cultures’ introduction, fanatical and dogmatic views on human relations, and over-nativization were among the major pitfalls of the Prospect One.
Educational Science
Mohammad Armand
Volume 15, Issue 37 , November 2015, , Pages 1-15
Abstract
Comparative education is one of the most important issues in educational science. The finding of which them Is applied in improving educational systems. Therefore it is of paramount importance to many countries. Many books have been written about comparative education in iran ...
Read More
Comparative education is one of the most important issues in educational science. The finding of which them Is applied in improving educational systems. Therefore it is of paramount importance to many countries. Many books have been written about comparative education in iran the one of them by sharareh habibi it can be use in comparative education courses. This book will be analysis in this article.The positive aspects of this book are the appropriate and readable font, appropriate page layout, good cover design and good format. In terms of content the book is clear and its content matched its tittles despite these strengths , the book suffers a number of short comings, for instance, it doesn't include new references and a lot of citations are given without proper analysis. Moreover some themes witch are irrelevant to comparative education are seen in the book. Another noticeable flaw in the book is that it didn’t use visual aids(pictures, graphs,…).some suggestions on how the quality of the book are given at the end of this
Foreign Languages
Maziar MOHAYMENI
Volume 16, Issue 38 , June 2016, , Pages 1-3
political science
Hadi Ajili; Reza Zabihi
Volume 16, Issue 39 , September 2016, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
Abstract:Spread of information and communication in modern times provides areas for study of the media as the main communication tool. New media has the central role so that every day the scope of their impact on various regional and international developments and crises will increase. This paper ...
Read More
Abstract:Spread of information and communication in modern times provides areas for study of the media as the main communication tool. New media has the central role so that every day the scope of their impact on various regional and international developments and crises will increase. This paper seeks to review the paper "The Transformation of Politics or Anti-Politics?" from Barrie Axford in “New Media and Politics” (2001) has been published. This article in the Proceedings of book in 2008 (1387) returned to Persian. Accordingly, both of the original language and translated version by the authors is discussed. The present paper is in two parts, Review the in structure and output structure, review this article.It must be acknowledged the dramatic developments in the Influence media on policy has been created and today, new media and virtual has important role in promoting democracy and also limitation the government's and various institutions in various fields. Developments in recent years show that the policy has largely been influenced by environment-virtual media and new media every day new definitions are included.
Philosophy
Abdurrazzaq Hesamifar
Volume 16, Issue 40 , September 2016, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
Abstract Logical Positivism is one of the important schools in the philosophy of science and the contemporary analytic philosophy which was called Vienna Circle because of its origin as a circle of philosophers around Moritz Schlick at the first and then Carnap. The main doctrine of these philosophers ...
Read More
Abstract Logical Positivism is one of the important schools in the philosophy of science and the contemporary analytic philosophy which was called Vienna Circle because of its origin as a circle of philosophers around Moritz Schlick at the first and then Carnap. The main doctrine of these philosophers was the principle of verification as the criterion of meaning and the demarcation between science and no science. Relying on this principle they regarded the logical and mathematical propositions as analytic and they considered scientific propositions as meaningful propositions. Moreoverthey regarded unverifiable propositions in 3 realms metaphysics, religion and ethics as meaningless propositions. Written by BahaoddinKhorammshahi,Logical Positivismis one of the best books in which the doctrinesof logical positivism were assessed by a critical view and it is one of the first books written in this field in Persian. After having a glance on the contents of the book, this article gives some critical points and some suggestions about it.
Foreign Languages
Sohrab Azarparand
Volume 16, Issue 41 , January 2017, , Pages 1-21
Abstract
The present study is an attempt to introduce and review primary education of Japanese language textbook “Minna no Nihongo” that was republished after almost１5 years in ２０１２ by 3A corporation with some changes in content and revision of previous edition. At the present time, foreign ...
Read More
The present study is an attempt to introduce and review primary education of Japanese language textbook “Minna no Nihongo” that was republished after almost１5 years in ２０１２ by 3A corporation with some changes in content and revision of previous edition. At the present time, foreign language version of this work is prepared in English, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, German, Chinese, Korean, Thai, Indonesian, and Vietnamese languages and is used very widely in universities and language education centers around the world included department of Japanese language and literature in university of Tehran. As a matter of fact, characteristics such as drawing up by group work, revision of previous edition, and drawing up of various supplementary books for covering four skills of language are the main factors that this work is one of the essential textbooks in the world. However, there are still some weak points for this work. The present article attempts to examine the characteristics, strong points and weak points of the work.
political science
Farzad Azarkamand; Mohmmad Ali Tavana
Volume 16, Issue 41 , January 2016, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
The main purpose of the present article, book reviews written by Giorgio Agamben the coming community, philosopher and theorist of contemporary Italian. This effect is one of the leading texts in the field of political philosophy and critical thought, that takes place in within the framework of ...
Read More
The main purpose of the present article, book reviews written by Giorgio Agamben the coming community, philosopher and theorist of contemporary Italian. This effect is one of the leading texts in the field of political philosophy and critical thought, that takes place in within the framework of the Intellectual tradition New Left. The author, in fact, to who's thinking about language issues, Is trying to pass the language to politics, to challenge The basic concepts of the West's policy, laying the your desired the coming community to basic experience pure language. He believes There is a duality and gap in political and philosophical tradition of the West, Resulting from the duality of "Foone" (natural and animal sounds or Aqua) and "logos" (word signifies the human), natural life (Zueh) and civil and political life (Bios) and, in a word dichotomy between nature and civilization. seems to be Agamben looking for a new definition of bio politics, So that it can regain the position of the nature of civil and political life. . Agamben's in this work not focuses on the political life of holiness, And seeks to recreate the Egotism of qualunque identity, Through the it sharing in language experience, and The singularity.
Persian Language and Literature
Issa Amankhani; Mona Alimadadi
Volume 16, Issue 42 , January 2017, , Pages 1-20
Abstract
Abstract Literary criticism and it's necessery language doesn't have enough precedence in Persian literary history, becouase the popular language in premodern discourse was the "praise/ dispraise language". The writers and poets in this era usually used praise language and sometimes used dispraise language. ...
Read More
Abstract Literary criticism and it's necessery language doesn't have enough precedence in Persian literary history, becouase the popular language in premodern discourse was the "praise/ dispraise language". The writers and poets in this era usually used praise language and sometimes used dispraise language. But when parliamentary stablished in modern discourse, this language replaced by criticism language gradually and criticism language changed to usual language in modern discourse. The reason of this change must be researched in change of discourse and it's presupposithon. The praise/ dispraise language can be a usual language in a unequality structure, but criticism language is the result of a modern discourse that it's presupposithon is equality and just in this discourse the literary criticism and it's language can be and raise.
Arabic Language and Literature
Ali Bashiri
Volume 16, Issue 43 , March 2017, , Pages 1-23
Abstract
Literary criticism is one of the main and most challenging fields of literature courses. The book titled: “Literary Criticism: Its foundation and Methods”, which was published at the end of the first part of the twentieth century, is one of the textbooks that is taught in Arabic Language ...
Read More
Literary criticism is one of the main and most challenging fields of literature courses. The book titled: “Literary Criticism: Its foundation and Methods”, which was published at the end of the first part of the twentieth century, is one of the textbooks that is taught in Arabic Language and Literature. The present study aims at providing a critical vision for the reader by analyzing the concepts and approaches discussed in the book. At first, it is attempted to discuss the points belong to the superstructure. Thereafter, the author’s statements are studied according to the order of the book organization. So, the foundation and concepts of literary criticism, literary types, and the methods of literary criticism will be considered. The results of this study indicate that most of the concepts and perspectives presented by the author, in contrary to his own claim; i.e., originality, do have roots in western ideas and the trace of western intellectuals and critics is observable in this work.
Arabic Language and Literature
Sayyed Mohammad Reza l Ibnorrasoo; Elahe Safian
Volume 17, Issue 1 , March 2017, , Pages 1-22
Abstract
The first press of "Arabic Morphology & Syntax 1 - 2" - which is written by Abbas Mahyar - has been edited by "The Center for Studying and Compiling University Books in Humanities" (SAMT) in 1385 (2006) as a main book of Arabic Morphology & Syntax 1 – 2 lessons for students of Persian Literature ...
Read More
The first press of "Arabic Morphology & Syntax 1 - 2" - which is written by Abbas Mahyar - has been edited by "The Center for Studying and Compiling University Books in Humanities" (SAMT) in 1385 (2006) as a main book of Arabic Morphology & Syntax 1 – 2 lessons for students of Persian Literature in B.A which is considered as an eight-unit course , and it has been republished twice since then.The authors in the present paper aimed to analyze and criticize the Morphology chapter of this book from several viewpoints, such as the conformity of the book subjects with approved topics by Planning Higher Council, the correctness or inaccuracy of the explanation and examples given for the grammatical concepts, attention or inattention to importance, necessity, and the use of presented grammars for the students of Persian Literature, correcting the word & phrases pronunciation in the text and exercises, as well as the typographic mistakesthat cannot be ignored.
