Sociology
Abdolreza Navah
Abstract
Karl Mannheim is a Hungarian-German sociologist and one of the leading figures in the sociology of knowledge during thirty decades of the twentieth century thirty centuries and at the same time with the rise of the National Socialist Party. He sees democracy not only as a political phenomenon but also ...
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Karl Mannheim is a Hungarian-German sociologist and one of the leading figures in the sociology of knowledge during thirty decades of the twentieth century thirty centuries and at the same time with the rise of the National Socialist Party. He sees democracy not only as a political phenomenon but also as a prelude to the spread of democratic culture, as well as a consequence of a kind of social turmoil resulting from the displacement of classes and civic values replacing the traditional values of the bourgeois aristocracy. In this work, Mannheim tries to describe the process of transformation in sociological but abstract language. In general, it can be said that Mannheim, by focusing on the discussion of culture, has tried to show what factors hinder the realization of democracy in societies in transition and finally has offered solutions in this regard.
political science
Mohammad Zohdi Goharpour; Fatemeh Sayadi; Rasoul Afzali
Abstract
For more than 40 years, Robert Dahl’s theory of polyarchy democracy has been considered by scholars as one of the most effective, robust, and enlightening forms of contemporary revisionist democratic theory. The English version of this book was published in 1971 and its translation was published ...
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For more than 40 years, Robert Dahl’s theory of polyarchy democracy has been considered by scholars as one of the most effective, robust, and enlightening forms of contemporary revisionist democratic theory. The English version of this book was published in 1971 and its translation was published in 2018. Polyarchy is defined as a set of institutional arrangements that allow for public opposition and inclusive participation in politics. The central assumption of the sign in this book, which involves a linear process, is that when hegemonic systems and competitive dictatorships move toward multiculturalism, opportunities for effective participation and questioning increase. Therefore, the number of individuals, groups, and interests whose policy priorities are considered increases. In this article, an attempt is made to examine the intellectual background and studies of Robert Dahl over two decades (1970-1950) and to identify the roots of the development of his theory of polyarchy democracy, presented in the form of an independent book, in his earlier works.
Philosophy
Mokhtar Nouri
Abstract
The role and position of religion in human political and social life is an issue that must be analyzed for its importance. To address this issue, the present paper looks at one of the most important works in this field, the book The Christianity and Democracy by Jacques Maritain of the French neotomist ...
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The role and position of religion in human political and social life is an issue that must be analyzed for its importance. To address this issue, the present paper looks at one of the most important works in this field, the book The Christianity and Democracy by Jacques Maritain of the French neotomist philosopher. In this work, Maritain has defended democracy by referring to Christianity. Of course, this type of defense is not free of criticism, and Maritain’s work also tragically looks at contemporary democracies. It is clear that the relationship between “religion and democracy” is not limited to Jacques Maritan’s thought, and many thinkers in various intellectual paradigms have addressed this issue. It is also not just about Christianity, and it is one of the most significant topics in the Muslim world. The author has attempted to discuss Jacques Maritain’s theoretical model of the relationship of Christianity and democracy from a political, philosophical, and theological perspective.
Economy
Hadi Amiri; Vaheed Moghadam
Volume 18, Issue 9 , February 2019, , Pages 19-38
Abstract
The Public Choice School in Economics can be considered as the application of economic analysis in the field of politics, which is just recently opening its way to the country's academic circles. The most important finding of this school is to prove the failure of the government in the market regulation ...
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The Public Choice School in Economics can be considered as the application of economic analysis in the field of politics, which is just recently opening its way to the country's academic circles. The most important finding of this school is to prove the failure of the government in the market regulation (the absence of a benevolent hand in government). The book [Understanding] Democracy - An Introduction to Public Choice by Patrick Gunning (2003), translated by Hossein Rabiei in 2014, has been marketed by the Economics World Publications. This simple and somewhat comprehensive book addresses both fundamental issues of public choice, such as constitutional economics, and the practical topics of public choice, such as privatization. The main conclusion of the book is that in democratic-based political mechanisms, not only does the government (without arranging institutional setting) fail to solve the market problems, but also these failures are more severe than the market failures. Although not well known in English, this book has an acceptable status among the few Persian books in the field of public choice, which might be the reason beyond the two different translations of the book. However, the current translation has many drawbacks, and its revision and edition are required for next editions.
political science
Majid Behestani; Mohammadreza Amirzadeh
Volume 18, Issue 6 , December 2018, , Pages 21-34
Abstract
Historically, after the movement of constitutionalism (Mashrouteh), secularism got engaged with Iran, but it was notattended as a problematic concern for the Iranian intellectuals. When Islamic Republic of Iran was established, everything changed and it turned into the focal point. So, many questions ...
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Historically, after the movement of constitutionalism (Mashrouteh), secularism got engaged with Iran, but it was notattended as a problematic concern for the Iranian intellectuals. When Islamic Republic of Iran was established, everything changed and it turned into the focal point. So, many questions regarding theocracy, secularism, humanism, happiness of mankind, and political Islam started to occupy the minds of many individuals. Of these concerns, some intellectuals tried to conceptualize Islamic Secularism." Mansour Mirahmadi wrote "Islamic Secularism: A Critique on Muslim Intellectuals" trying to show incapability and incompleteness of their design and its inconsistency with logic of Islam theories and practices. Reviewing the book structurally and qualitatively, we mentioned its formal and conceptual problems.
political science
Seyyed Aqil Hoseiny; Seyyed Esmaeil Masoudi
Volume 18, Issue 6 , December 2018, , Pages 103-125
Abstract
The main hypothesis of Amartya Sen in his famous book "Development as Freedom" is that the private freedom should be recognized for overcoming the problem of development. According to Sen's liberal approach, the freedom is both the tool and the end of development. Essentially development is the process ...
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The main hypothesis of Amartya Sen in his famous book "Development as Freedom" is that the private freedom should be recognized for overcoming the problem of development. According to Sen's liberal approach, the freedom is both the tool and the end of development. Essentially development is the process of extending the actual freedoms such as increasing longevity and life expectancy and in fact the increasing of the quality of life.Several criticisms have been leveled against this approach, for example the inconsistency between the essential characters of Sen's approach to development such as the instrumental rationality and freedom. Also, the Sen's claims that there are positive relationship between democracy and development, and the negative relationship between population and development are doubtful and has been criticized. Since the Sen's approach has no predetermined and essential deontological requirement except freedom itself, itis inconsistent with the deontological systems such as religion. Finally, the historical and structural relationship between individual and nations have not been seriously taken into account.
political science
Mohammad Kamalizadeh
Volume 18, Issue 6 , December 2018, , Pages 235-253
Abstract
In his book “The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad”, Fareed Zakaria believes that in order to maintain the ideal of freedom and advance it in the future, we must move towards less democracy and more liberalism. He emphasizes that the critique of "a lot of ...
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In his book “The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad”, Fareed Zakaria believes that in order to maintain the ideal of freedom and advance it in the future, we must move towards less democracy and more liberalism. He emphasizes that the critique of "a lot of democracy" does not mean trying to restore the old order, but while preserving the tradition of democracy in our countries, we should seek the revival of liberal democracy, as it is suitable for the 21st century. The most important point of this book can be the emphasis on the reliable historical data and the basis of analyses on concrete contexts. The main weaknesses are the author's involvement in trapping a kind of time-consuming mistake to prove his hypothesis. Zakaria's views on this book-and of course, his other works-although not entirely acceptable-and subject to numerous criticisms-can be considered as a succinct and relatively consistent report of the emergence and expansion of liberal democracy by looking at its future status.
political science
S. M. Hosseyni; M. Shokri
Volume 16, Issue 39 , September 2016, , Pages 57-73
Abstract
The American Neo-Conservative Journalist, Fareed Zakaria got famous in President Bush era, wrote in his book: “the future of freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad”. His approach to the “end of history” shows in the book, looking at the globalizing liberal democracy ...
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The American Neo-Conservative Journalist, Fareed Zakaria got famous in President Bush era, wrote in his book: “the future of freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad”. His approach to the “end of history” shows in the book, looking at the globalizing liberal democracy but he criticizes this idea. His critics deny American political system but praise its history because Zakaria believe the historical process of the system was elitist and more efficient. This paper criticizes the discussion of his book. So the structure of book about neoliberalism and neodemocracy compare with the liberal and democratice ideas to show special view of Zakaria. Also neoconservativist view of Zakaria revised and compared with Islamic international relations.
political science
Aliashraf Nazari
Volume 16, Issue 41 , January 2016, , Pages 177-199
Abstract
AbstractThe main focus of the present article reviews the book by Carl Schmitt's concept of political will by translating and publishing in Persian by Sohail Safari. The paper will attempt to introduce the concept of the political, critique and evaluate the form and content of the agenda. What are the ...
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AbstractThe main focus of the present article reviews the book by Carl Schmitt's concept of political will by translating and publishing in Persian by Sohail Safari. The paper will attempt to introduce the concept of the political, critique and evaluate the form and content of the agenda. What are the main problem and the intellectual concerns? What motivated him to reflect their mental problem as a political theory written out? What is the author's purpose in pursuing this work? Given the context of Catholic upbringing (and fascination of the power of the Catholic Church in Bismarck era), along with legal training (rights as the mission) and the formation of different historical experiences in the measurement of depression (anger from the humiliation of Germany adopted between the two wars) and hope (the Weimar regime and to strengthen the political reconstruction), the main areas of criticism and ideation Schmidt in relation to ethics and politics, liberalism and modern democracy and political structure is shaped in the form of government.
