Foreign Languages
Mina Rezaei; Mitra Raissi Dehkordi; Youssef Aram
Abstract
Semantic deviation means the transgression of the criteria that determines the coincidence of the vocabularies and avoiding the standard of language. Based on the research findings, we could say that semantic deviation is an important factor in the creation of poetry. In this sense, the more frequent ...
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Semantic deviation means the transgression of the criteria that determines the coincidence of the vocabularies and avoiding the standard of language. Based on the research findings, we could say that semantic deviation is an important factor in the creation of poetry. In this sense, the more frequent the occurrence of this type of deviation is, the more semantic horizons in the poetry are achieved, and the achievement of meaning occurs later. In Baudelaire’s poems, the creation of new and special compositions, picturing the details, imagination, making beautiful scenes, and using pleasant similes and metaphors, led to the emergence of this kind of semantic deviation. The aim of this article is to study the semantic deviation in The Flowers of Evil by Charles Baudelaire, referring to metaphor and metonymy, and their reflection in the translations by Hassan Honarmandi, Mohammad-Ali Eslami Nodooshan, and Mohammadreza Parsayar. To reach this goal, at first, we examined semantic deviation as an important issue in the critique of formalism, focusing on Geoffrey Leech’s classification, a formalist linguist, and then the original text has been compared with its translations, and the differences between them have been studied.
Persian Language and Literature
Arash Amraei
Abstract
The ability of the Persian language with its cultural contexts made many Persian words and expressions have different meanings and functions under different situations. Expressing the metonymy of various phrases and expressions in the Persian language is one of these functions. For this reason, metonymy ...
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The ability of the Persian language with its cultural contexts made many Persian words and expressions have different meanings and functions under different situations. Expressing the metonymy of various phrases and expressions in the Persian language is one of these functions. For this reason, metonymy has always been considered by linguists, poets, and authors as part of the language and culture of any society. Metonymy is the beautiful, artistic, and implicit expression of different topics used by poets and authors as a subtle technique in expressing their purposes. Due to the extensive use of metonymy by Persian poets and authors, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of metonymy is a critical and competent task. Hassan Anwari and his colleagues complied and published a dictionary called “Sokhan Dictionary of Metonymy,” which is analyzed in this study. This book was published in two volumes in 1783. After reviewing and evaluating different concepts related to the book, the book structure has been succinctly introduced. Then, the content analysis and evaluation of the book was done. It was found that since this culture has been extracted from discourse culture, except metonymy, some other irrelevant entries have been mixed with it, leading to some incongruities and misinterpretations. In so doing, some of the most egregious problems are enumerated. It was finally concluded that this book needs to be seriously revised and rectified.
Arabic Language and Literature
Sayyed MohammadReza Ibnorrasool; Maryam Jalaei
Volume 12, Issue 25 , April 2013, , Pages 1-18
Abstract
The eloquence such as grammar and syntax were created, at first, for understanding the secrets and mysteries of holy Quran and its rhetorical miracle aspects by considering the Quran and also the ignorance verses; but they were gradually applied in other poetry and prose in Arabic texts and compiled ...
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The eloquence such as grammar and syntax were created, at first, for understanding the secrets and mysteries of holy Quran and its rhetorical miracle aspects by considering the Quran and also the ignorance verses; but they were gradually applied in other poetry and prose in Arabic texts and compiled in the forms of coherent rules and finally this process caused the existence of valuable books. One of these valuable books was Javaher Al-balaghah, written by Sayyed Ahmad Hashemi, which was used as the best textbooks in teaching the eloquence. Hence it has been published many times.In spite of what is mentioned, the book, similar to any other human written works, has some defects and inaccuracies. It is investigated and shown in the present article that some of definitions and the expressions of the book are insufficient or inaccurate according to educational courses of old books in the field of Arabic eloquence in the three title of eloquence-simile, metonymy and allegory. The investigation illustrated that the writer, in case of rhetorical subjects, did not define some expressions but the major inaccuracies and deficiencies of the book are related to the writer’s examples in which the readers can realize his negligence even after a little thinking and comparing to the other testifiers of the book.
