Methodology
Mohsen Ebrahimi
Abstract
The article “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” by Edmund Gettier is one of the famous works in contemporary epistemology. This short article has challenged the classical definition of knowledge by the two controversial examples and raised various disputes and solutions by epistemologists. ...
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The article “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” by Edmund Gettier is one of the famous works in contemporary epistemology. This short article has challenged the classical definition of knowledge by the two controversial examples and raised various disputes and solutions by epistemologists. The present article studies those examples by relying on Islamic epistemology and answers the problems by proposing a kind of causal relation that differs from the causal theory of Goldman. The main difference is that the chain of causality is between external fact and proposition knowledge by the perception of a different form of knowledge called “knowledge by the present.” This causality originally has an epistemic role because it is identical to the manifestation of the external fact by appearing in perceptions that are effects of the external fact. Therefore, the perceiver grasps facts by the deeper surface of knowledge intermediates between external fact and proposition knowledge, and by the conceptualization of the appearance and judgment. The mind constitutes true justified beliefs therefore in Gettier’s problems, the chain of this causality is not connected in an appropriate way.
Philosophy
Farhad Zivyar; Ehsan Shakeri-Khouni; Amir E’temadi
Volume 14, Issue 31 , October 2014, , Pages 47-66
Abstract
Dependence of humanities and social studies and research on methodological patterns has become a requirement in the field of humanities. Various influential schools, beliefs, and thinkers in the field are studying and researching with this concern in mind. One of these methodological patterns is the ...
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Dependence of humanities and social studies and research on methodological patterns has become a requirement in the field of humanities. Various influential schools, beliefs, and thinkers in the field are studying and researching with this concern in mind. One of these methodological patterns is the qualitative interpretative method and hermeneutics method in particular. This method, which is divided into several kinds and types, has found many advocates and believers in social and humanities, and even religious and doctrinal, studies. In the intellectual-epistemic environment of Iran, too, some authors have proposed the application of this method in religious and theological studies, and, of course, have encountered many scientific-epistemic controversies and challenges in the course. In this paper, while explaining the evidence of philosophical hermeneutics, a critical view of this method will be presented. Philosophical hermeneutics has been criticized from two perspectives which include intra-hermeneutic and extra-hermeneutic criticism. Intra- hermeneutic criticism refers to the controversy set forth by some beliefs and individuals that support hermeneutics. Extra-hermeneutics criticism is the explanations of philosophical hermeneutics objections from the point of view of the currents and individuals who have evaluated this method outside the framework of hermeneutics.
