political science
Behnam Joodi; Majid Tavassoli Roknabadi
Abstract
The main focus of this article is a review of Critique and Crisis, Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society by Reinhart Koselleck. Critique and Crisis was first published in German in 1959 and published in English in 1988 by The MIT Press. Koselleck’s book attempts to explain the Utopian ...
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The main focus of this article is a review of Critique and Crisis, Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society by Reinhart Koselleck. Critique and Crisis was first published in German in 1959 and published in English in 1988 by The MIT Press. Koselleck’s book attempts to explain the Utopian ideas of the twentieth century by looking at their origins in the eighteenth. The main idea of Critique and Crisis is that the Enlightenment itself became Utopian and even hypocritical because-as far as continental Europe was concerned-it saw itself excluded from political power-sharing. The structure of Absolutism, which was rooted in the dichotomy between sovereign and subject, between public policy and private morality, prevented the Enlightenment and the emancipation movement produced by it from seeing itself as a political phenomenon. Instead the Enlightenment developed patterns of thought and behaviour which, at the latest from 1789 onwards, foundered on the rocks of the concrete political challenges that arose. The Enlightenment succumbed to a Utopian image which, while deceptively propelling it, helped to produce contradictions that could not be resolved in practice and prepared the way for the Terror and for dictatorship. The main idea of Koselleck’s book seems to be based on the idea of Carl Schmitt in The Leviathan in the State Theory of Thomas Hobbes, which he explains and expand in this book. Koselleck’s critique and its historical entwinement with twentieth-century totalitarianism is a biased or willfully selective picture.
political science
Ebrahim Taheri
Abstract
Revolutionary waves have always been a challenge to political systems. The culmination of these revolutions was in the twentieth century. In the 21st century, revolutions have become a serious challenge to the political systems of the Middle East and North Africa. To explain why and how the revolution ...
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Revolutionary waves have always been a challenge to political systems. The culmination of these revolutions was in the twentieth century. In the 21st century, revolutions have become a serious challenge to the political systems of the Middle East and North Africa. To explain why and how the revolution took place, the general theories and models of the revolution have been presented by political scientists. This is especially true for sociologists of the revolution. Hossein Bashirieh, a former associate professor at the University of Tehran with a specialization in political sociology, is trying to provide general analytical models in this regard. The book From Crisis to Collapse: An Inquiry into the Persistence or Collapse of Political Systems is written with this approach in mind, which will be reviewed and criticized in this study. In this regard, a general introduction about the work and the author will be presented in the introduction. Then, in the second topic, in two separate domains, the formal and content aspects of the work are examined, and finally, in the third topic, with a critical approach, the formal and content shortcomings of the book are mentioned. Moreover, the conclusion is the final part of this article.
Jurisprudence and Law
Ali Asghar Esmaili Far; GholamHossein Massoud; Mohammad Kazem Emadzadeh
Abstract
The deferment of bank’s claims and the impossibility of collecting or delaying their receipt can be considered as a clear violation of banking Achilles. The range and prolongation of this situation could jeopardize the power of paying banks and, ultimately, their bankruptcy, and the bank’s ...
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The deferment of bank’s claims and the impossibility of collecting or delaying their receipt can be considered as a clear violation of banking Achilles. The range and prolongation of this situation could jeopardize the power of paying banks and, ultimately, their bankruptcy, and the bank’s bankruptcy is a comprehensive crisis in affairs. Financial and economic conditions of the country, systematic corruption, non-compliance with regulations, regulatory failure, lack of specific judicial and executive procedures, and inefficiencies of the judiciary are among the most important causes of this problem in the banks. Solving this problem requires a comprehensive and scientific approach to banking in Iran. The ambiguities and complexities of the ruler’s regulations and jurisprudential attitudes toward issues of inherently legal rights or the provision of legal-jurisprudential solutions for matters that are not in the realm of rights have doubled the problems.
