The Twin Revolutions Legal Sociology of Religion and Science in Iran and France

Javid, Mohammad Javad

doi:10.30465/crtls.2021.38314.2363

Document Type : Research

Author

Mohammad Javad Javid

Professor of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.30465/crtls.2021.38314.2363

Abstract

Governments have commitments with respect to the natural rights of individuals. The right to religion and the right to knowledge are two of the citizens’ natural rights which can be defined in compliance with the constitution. Hence, religion and knowledge are among the subject matters of fundamental rights in the Iranian as well as the French revolution. Each of the two revolutions has enjoyed the concept of faith and ideology to such an extent that they have influenced various areas and arenas after the revolution. Therefore, this paper is based on the hypothesis that the two revolutions of 1789 and 1979, one being against religion and the other for it, have had similar impacts on culture and in particular public understanding. In this regard, paying attention to the central role of the state commitments in strengthening and reducing the costs of a believer citizen can serve as an explanation concerning the extent of such impact in the present situation.
Keywords: Iran, France, Law, Religion, Education, Laïcité.
Governments have commitments with respect to the natural rights of individuals. The right to religion and the right to knowledge are two of the citizens’ natural rights which can be defined in compliance with the constitution. Hence, religion and knowledge are among the subject matters of fundamental rights in the Iranian as well as the French revolution. Each of the two revolutions has enjoyed the concept of faith and ideology to such an extent that they have influenced various areas and arenas after the revolution. Therefore, this paper is based on the hypothesis that the two revolutions of 1789 and 1979, one being against religion and the other for it, have had similar impacts on culture and in particular public understanding. In this regard, paying attention to the central role of the state commitments in strengthening and reducing the costs of a believer citizen can serve as an explanation concerning the extent of such impact in the present situation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Jurisprudence and Law

References

آبراهامیان، یرواند (۱۳۸۷)، ایران بین دو انقلاب، ترجمۀ احمد گل‌محمدی و محمدابراهیم فتاحی، تهران: نی.

پیمایش ملی ارزش‌ها و نگرش‌های جوانان ایران (1383)، سازمان ملی جوانان.

سلطانی‌فر، محمد (۱۳۸۳)، بررسی ارتباط وضعیت‌های هویت با دین‌داری دانشجویان و دانش‌آموزان استان قم در سال تحصیلی 84-83، پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد، تهران: دانشگاه تربیت معلم.

قانون برنامۀ چهارم و پنجم توسعۀ اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی جمهوری اسلامی ایران.

گودرزی، محسن (1383)، گرایش‌های فرهنگی و نگرش‌های اجتماعی در ایران، وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی.

مرکز سنجش افکار بسیج (1381)، سنجش و نگرش بسیجیان نسبت به ارزش‌ها و هنجارهای مذهبی، پژوهشکدۀ بسیج.

مطهری، مرتضی (1368)، پیرامون انقلاب اسلامی، تهران: صدرا.

منشور حقوق شهروندی (1393)، نهاد ریاست‌جمهوری.

Abdallah (1995), Le Foulard Islamique et La République Française; Mode d'Emploi, Fonds de Défense des Musulmans en Justic.

Abrahamian, E. (1997), A History of Modern Iran, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Allgère, Claude (1997), Dieu Face à la Science, Paris: Fayard.

Arkoun (1991), “France-Islam, Une Occasion Historique”, in: Panoramiques, N° Juin/Juillet/Aout.

Auduc, J.-L. (2013), Théorie du Genre : “Une Vision Idéologique ne Peut Conduire qu’à l'échec”, Available at: <https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2013/08/19/01016->.

Bauberot, J. (1990), La Laïcité, Quel Héritage?, Paris : Ed Labor et Fides.

Blanchetet, P. and C. Brière-Blanchet (1979), Iran : la Révolution au Nom de Dieu, Éditions du Seuil, Collection “l'Histoire Immédiate”.

Brière, C. and P. Blanchet (1979), Iran, la Révolution au nom de Dieu.

Bucaille, M. (1998), “La Bible, Le Coran et La Science ; Les écritures Saintes Examinées à la Lumière des Connaissances Modernes”, Pocket, Seghers, 1976, coll.“Agora”.

Collet, F. (1995), La Laïcité, Une Doctrine de l’Éducation Nationale, La Faculté de Droit, Grenoble.

Comte, B. (2003), “L’Invention de la Laïcité Dans l’Histoire de la Nation Française”, in: Trajets N° 4 ; Cette Parole qui Circule Entre Croyants, Documents 43.

Debray, R. (2004), Ce que Nous Voile le Voile; La République et Le Sacré, Paris: Gallimard.

Dousset, C. (2004), “Entre Tolérance et Violence: La Révolution Française et la Question Religieuse”, Religions, Pouvoir et Violence.

Economist, T. (2000), “The People against the Mullahs”, The Economist.

Dupuy, R. (2005), Nouvelle Histoire de la France Contemporaine, La République Jacobine.

Ian-GBarbour (2005), Quand la Science Rencontre la Religion, Edition du Rocher.

Javid, M. J. (2005a), Droit Naturel et Droit Divin Comme Fondements de la Légitimité Politique.

Javid, M. J. (2005b), Etre Croyant dans une Société Laïque: L’École Laïque Française Contemporaine et les Populations de Confession Musulmane, Paris 5: Univ. de Paris.

Mondial, L. N. O. (2021), “Pape François : L’Heure de la Réinitialisation Mondiale a Sonné”, Le Nouvel Ordre Mondial.

Nationale, A. (2004), “Projet de Loi sur la Laïcité à l’École-Rapport sur la Question des Signes Religieux à l'École-Voile Islamique”, Assemblée Nationale, Available at:

<https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/12/dossiers/laicite.asp>. Accessed November 30, 2021.

Rermond, R. (1999), L'Anticléricalisme en France de 1815 à Nos Jours, Paris: Fayard.

Ruano-Borbalan, Jean-Claude (2003), “La Religion Recomposée”, in: Sciences Humaines, Hors-Série n° 41.

Tribalat, M. (1995), Une Enquête sur les Immigrés et Leurs Enfants, Essais, Paris, La Découverte.

<https://www.sccr.ir>.

Pizhuhish nāmah-i intiqādī-i mutūn va barnāmah hā-yi ̒ulūm-i insāni (Critical Studies in Texts & Programs of Human Sciences)

The Twin Revolutions Legal Sociology of Religion and Science in Iran and France

References

References

Volume 22, Issue 6 - Serial Number 106
August 2022
Pages 333-357

The Twin Revolutions Legal Sociology of Religion and Science in Iran and France

References

References

Volume 22, Issue 6 - Serial Number 106August 2022Pages 333-357

Volume 22, Issue 6 - Serial Number 106
August 2022
Pages 333-357