Sociology
Ali Yaghoobi Choobary; Solmaz Sepehri Azad
Abstract
The Order of Things: An Archeology of Human Sciences is the fifth and one of the most important works of Michel Foucault. The purpose of this article is to review and criticize the book. The research method in this article is "qualitative content analysis" and gathering information by documentary study ...
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The Order of Things: An Archeology of Human Sciences is the fifth and one of the most important works of Michel Foucault. The purpose of this article is to review and criticize the book. The research method in this article is "qualitative content analysis" and gathering information by documentary study . The Order of Things follows the archeological analysis of knowledge and the analysis of episteme, which examines it through the analysis of two important breaks in the episteme of Western culture in the three realms of language, natural sciences and economics. The book has been criticized both for its descriptive approach and for its negligence of causality and for its opposition to the mainstream thought of the time. Although Foucault turned to "genealogy" in his later works, he transformed and modified archeology and did not abandon it. The work was first translated from English to Farsi by Yahya Emami, and then from French by Fateme Valiani. Valiyani is more successful in translating into the target language and is more accurate in translating the equivalents, but some of her chosen words are not so well established in the Persian language compared to Emami. In addition to a critical view of the book, the article also criticizes the form and content of the translation.
Arabic Language and Literature
Alireza shaikhi
Abstract
Today, the study of narrative works’ form and structure has become one of the main concerns of contemporary narrators and storytellers. Accordingly, a significant number of books and papers have been literary created. Abdul Rahim al-Kurdi is one of the leading Egyptian contemporary writers who ...
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Today, the study of narrative works’ form and structure has become one of the main concerns of contemporary narrators and storytellers. Accordingly, a significant number of books and papers have been literary created. Abdul Rahim al-Kurdi is one of the leading Egyptian contemporary writers who has made great efforts to explain theories of story analysis from the perspective of Russian formalists, French structuralists, and modern Western stylists in his book entitled “Contemporary Narration”. In this book, he has unique insight and mastery interpreted the views of contemporary Western critics. He has placed them as the infrastructure for the scientific analysis of the novel of “Alrjl Althi Fkd Thlh Nmouthja “. The present study attempts to analyze the “Alsrd fi Alrwaiah Alma’asrah” book in a descriptive-analytic way. Results revealed that although some of the presented issues in the book reflect prolixity, the author has tried to provide a formalistic analysis of narrative discourse.
Anthropology
Zeynab Shariatnia; Hadi Vakili
Abstract
The book History and Theory in Anthropology by Alan Barnard, a leading researcher and author of anthropological studies, especially anthropology in South Africa is among valuable works in the field of anthropology. In this book, he examines the theoretical nature of anthropology throughout history and ...
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The book History and Theory in Anthropology by Alan Barnard, a leading researcher and author of anthropological studies, especially anthropology in South Africa is among valuable works in the field of anthropology. In this book, he examines the theoretical nature of anthropology throughout history and the views of prominent scholars and thinkers of this science and their comparisons, as well as the rooting of theories and schools of thought presented in the field of anthropology. The purpose of this book is to examine the pioneering views of anthropological studies, evolution in all its dimensions, the theory of disseminators in cultural areas, functionalism and structural functionalism, pragmatic theories, processing, and Marxist views, various aspects of relativism, structuralism and post-structuralism, postmodernist views and recent interpretations. Although this work should be regarded as an overview of anthropological theories and related problems since it lacks the details of theorists, approaches, and ideas, its very briefness of the terms and contents, its conceptual clarity and explanation have been diminished and it requires revisions.
political science
Rohollah Eslami; Elaheh Valizadeh
Abstract
Not only have the ideas of Marxism analyzed societies, but also shaped social action. Marxists have read each Marx's works in a number of ways, and claim to have provided the closest interpretation to Marx. In the meantime, Louis Althusser, a French neo-Marxist thinker of the twentieth century, with ...
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Not only have the ideas of Marxism analyzed societies, but also shaped social action. Marxists have read each Marx's works in a number of ways, and claim to have provided the closest interpretation to Marx. In the meantime, Louis Althusser, a French neo-Marxist thinker of the twentieth century, with a structuralist reading, has considered Marx's second period of thought, which is scientific. This article addresses the question of how Marxism can be analyzed not only in its purely economic deterministic nature but also in the political aspect of states in Marxist analysis. In this regard, we have introduced and critically reread the book Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses by Louis Althusser, translated by Mr. Roozbeh Sadra. The book has been criticized in terms of form and ideas. Theoretically, Althusser, on the one hand, determines the culture and ideological mechanisms of the state in socio-political developments and, on the other hand, promotes a kind of conspiracy illusion. The form of the book is desirable in terms of cover design and requires some writing corrections that are documented in the text.
political science
Fateme Daneshvar Muhammadzadegan; Reza Abedi Gonabad
Abstract
The Sociology of National Charisma is a book by Majid Fouladian that analyzes the collapse of social structures and the rise of national charisma. The author uses a historical structural method to study the structural changes on the eve of the two constitutional revolutions and the Islamic Revolution ...
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The Sociology of National Charisma is a book by Majid Fouladian that analyzes the collapse of social structures and the rise of national charisma. The author uses a historical structural method to study the structural changes on the eve of the two constitutional revolutions and the Islamic Revolution and concludes that in the Qajar period, the construction of social networks prevented the formation of comprehensive solidarity. Considering such construction, it seemed unlikely the emergence of national charisma, but at the end of the Pahlavi regime, due to the collapse of the traditional structure and the emergence of social crises in a society that had reached a level of national cohesion, and with the emergence of ideology based on society culture, it became possible to form a national society and national charisma. In this article, we intended to review the book The Sociology of National Charisma in the framework of integrated analysis (structure-agent). The results show that Fooladian does not explain the relationship and role of followers in the emergence of charisma. In fact, the author merely explains the structures and their effect on the emergence of charisma, and ignores the agency of charisma followers in the emergence of charisma.
Foreign Languages
Hassan Zokhtareh
Abstract
Studying some of Mahvash Ghavimi’s works in the academic and general area shows that she attaches significant importance to textual approaches. Contrary to many books that only explain the theories, Ghavimi in her three books, Sher No Dar Bouteh Naghd (Modern Poetry Criticism), Ava and Elgha (Sound ...
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Studying some of Mahvash Ghavimi’s works in the academic and general area shows that she attaches significant importance to textual approaches. Contrary to many books that only explain the theories, Ghavimi in her three books, Sher No Dar Bouteh Naghd (Modern Poetry Criticism), Ava and Elgha (Sound and Suggestion), and Gozari Bar Dastan Nevisi (A study on Writing a story), after introducing Russian Formalism and French Structuralism to readers, in order to prove their effectiveness in literary research, uses them in examining and analyzing different types of Persian literature texts. This study tries to explore the origins and consequences of this approach in addition to Ghavimi’s method of using a textual approaches in the analysis of Persian texts. Although Ghavimi acts correctly in her analysis of Persian poems and novels with the help of textual approaches, she sometimes ignores its fundamentals, such as avoid judging and evaluating, as well as avoiding nationalism in the study of literature. Her emotional bond to the contextual approach, both in theory and in practice, is so profound that she cannot measure it accurately.
Methodology
Mohsen Goudarzi; Mohsen Shakerinejad
Abstract
This paper introduces the book Savad-e Revayat and analyzes it based on form and content. First of all, the definition of narration and narratology, a brief review of narration history, and the reason for selecting this book for analysis have been presented in the introduction. Reviewing the history ...
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This paper introduces the book Savad-e Revayat and analyzes it based on form and content. First of all, the definition of narration and narratology, a brief review of narration history, and the reason for selecting this book for analysis have been presented in the introduction. Reviewing the history of narration will be helpful for understanding the importance and reasoning of analyzing this book. After that, in the form analysis, the eloquence of the book, Persian translation quality, book’s appearance, editing and other formal characters have been analyzed. Also, in the content analysis, the author’s method in theoretical arguments, different theoretical frameworks of the book, and the strengths and weaknesses of the content have been investigated. Savad-e Revayat has good suitable writing and translation. The book has been used the inductive method and both structuralism and poststructuralism frameworks. Therefore, Savad-e Revayat is worthy and valuable in the field of narratology. This book should play significant role in narration analysis in Iranian academia. Furthermore, Savad-e Revayat could transfer the matters of narration and narratology from elites to the public.
Persian Language and Literature
Mostafa Dashti Ahangar
Abstract
Structuralism and poststructuralism are two of the most important and influential approaches in the humanities of the 20th century. These two approaches are raised in response to the special situation in philosophy and humanities, so they have to be paid attention to. The main question of this article ...
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Structuralism and poststructuralism are two of the most important and influential approaches in the humanities of the 20th century. These two approaches are raised in response to the special situation in philosophy and humanities, so they have to be paid attention to. The main question of this article is to survey of benefits and weaknesses in this book by the critical, descriptive method. It should be noted that this study was conducted in accordance with structuralist and poststructuralist theories, and this book has been studied in three phases: Methodological, formal, and content review phase. The books in this field, usually, are translated into the Persian language, but this book is an essay, so the purpose of this article is to review this book as an essay book. The most important value of this book is the novelty of the subject. Also, this book has its drawbacks of writing issues and punctuation. Great emphasis on philosophical issues, the extension of the opinion of structuralists and poststructuralists in different contexts of humanities, failure to the presentation of historical philosophy content properly, redundant repetition and inconsistency, are the other flaws in the book include.
Art
ali sheikhmehdi; Arsalan Moghadas
Abstract
The book, A Short Guide to Writing about Film, is a description of how to analyze movies. The book closely linked to thinking about film and writing about it. To achieve this goal, the author focuses on defining the terminology and professional concepts of cinema as well as movie analysis approaches. ...
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The book, A Short Guide to Writing about Film, is a description of how to analyze movies. The book closely linked to thinking about film and writing about it. To achieve this goal, the author focuses on defining the terminology and professional concepts of cinema as well as movie analysis approaches. For analysis and critique, it is necessary to have a theoretical plan to carefully analyze the movies, but the described approaches in this book, are not the main movie analysis approaches, and for instance, approaches like formalism and ideology lack a theoretical basis. More specifically, in this book, formalism is considered the same as structuralism.
political science
Mohammad Shojaiyan
Abstract
Theda Skocpol’s theory about Iranian Islamic Revolution has been recognized as one of the suggested views about this case which was investigated in a book entitled "Review and Critique of Theories of the Islamic Revolution; Theda Skocpol’s Theory ". The author of this book prepared beneficial ...
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Theda Skocpol’s theory about Iranian Islamic Revolution has been recognized as one of the suggested views about this case which was investigated in a book entitled "Review and Critique of Theories of the Islamic Revolution; Theda Skocpol’s Theory ". The author of this book prepared beneficial discussions for this theory helpful for the demonstration of Skocpol’s significance in these fields, mainly the methodology she offered in her theory about social revolutions. The leading problem with this book seems to exist in a critique of the theory of Skocpol. The author tried to categorize critiques around this theory. This classification which includes the critiques within the paradigm, outside the paradigm and internal textual criticisms, faces with two major objections. The first objection refers to the foundation of this categorization. The second objection maintains that these criticisms – particularly in the first and second group of critiques – have indirect and distant relationship with the analysis of Theda Skocpol of the causes of the revolution in Iran. In addition, the author in the critique of the theory of Theda Skocpol ignored two important points. The first point was the SKocpol's reliance to the Rentier State’s theory concerning with the nature of the government in Iran in the era of the Islamic Revolution. The other was the Skocpol’s shift in her theory about the causes of the rise of social revolutions as a result of the occurrence of Islamic Revolution in Iran. If the respected author understood these cases seriously and genuinely, he could be more successful in the criticism of the Skocpol theory as his accuracy in writing up this theory.
political science
Ali Abedi Renani
Volume 18, Issue 6 , December 2018, , Pages 213-234
Abstract
The present paper aims to analyze the dialogue between Raymond Aron and Michal Foucault. A description of the two thinkers’ views was presented in order to understand the context in which the dialogue was taking place. The main issue between the two figures centers on the continuity or lack of ...
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The present paper aims to analyze the dialogue between Raymond Aron and Michal Foucault. A description of the two thinkers’ views was presented in order to understand the context in which the dialogue was taking place. The main issue between the two figures centers on the continuity or lack of continuity in historical periods. Aron criticizes Foucault’s account of epistemic breaks and defends interactions and partial continuities between historical periods. Although the two philosophers have structuralistic tendencies, their different ontology has divided them into this issue. Foucault in his archeology method does not seek continuity between events and periods, but seeks to show the disruptions that have been neglected. Aron criticizes the separation of epistemes and defends interaction between them. According to Aron, the world enjoys relatively fixed structures, which reveal themselves in different historic periods. Based on this view, he criticizes the subjective and relativistic views of Nietzsche and Weber.
Persian Language and Literature
Mohammadreza Roozbeh
Volume 16, Issue 42 , January 2017, , Pages 119-132
Abstract
Abstract:During the last decades, many books and articles are written about theoretical arguments of story and fiction. Each of them played a role to promot the thearitical and practical perspectives of novelists or readers of story works. The book of “opening of novel” written by Hossein ...
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Abstract:During the last decades, many books and articles are written about theoretical arguments of story and fiction. Each of them played a role to promot the thearitical and practical perspectives of novelists or readers of story works. The book of “opening of novel” written by Hossein Payande belongs to these works. This book in the light of the structuralist approach and relatively common as well in analysis review of contemporary novels. This method is based on analytical reading of opening scene and explains its structural relationship with totality of novel. Based on this research method, the author analyzed and reviewed ten famous Persian novels (from blind owl to samples of post modernist novels) with one short story and one movie. In addition to advantages of this book such as paving away outlook and method. this article pays attention to some defects in terms of structural aspects and content aspects. Alt mately the present book can be from relatively and instructive works about review and analysis of today stories.
Arabic Language and Literature
Shaker Ameri
Volume 14, Issue 33 , June 2015, , Pages 49-67
Abstract
fter Arabs’ contacts with the Western civilization during the colonial invasion of Western imperialist countries, a large number of intellectuals and Arab writers, before and after the World War II, were impressed by the Western advancements in various fields. They observed the Western civilization ...
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fter Arabs’ contacts with the Western civilization during the colonial invasion of Western imperialist countries, a large number of intellectuals and Arab writers, before and after the World War II, were impressed by the Western advancements in various fields. They observed the Western civilization closely as successive cultural missions has been dispatched to Western nations since the era of Muhammad Ali Pasha to this day. They have tried to apply what they have learned and taught it to the Arab nations without considering the fundamental principles of the Arab nations and their Islamic culture.The book of the convex mirrors (from structure to deconstruction), by Dr. Abdul Aziz Hammouda, is a welcome step for debunking Western criticism and restoring the confidence of the Arabs in their glorious culture. The author was a professor of English language and literary criticism in Egyptian and Arab universities. The book consists of four chapters, a preface, references, and some information about the author. The print quality of the book, the typesetting, and the layout of the book are good. Its cover design comares with the firm design of the series in “the world of knowledge”. The style is good and the diction is fluent and eloquent. The book does not include an introduction to justify the production of book. The author had used all means and scientific methods common in scientific research.The book suffers from overlaps and repetitions and lacks a logical sequence of ideas, but the literary and critical terms are accurate.The book is not a methodology book and has not been written for this purpose. The book is not based a method of teaching, nor it follows the principles of material design, but it can be used as a reference source or a complement to familiarize students with literary criticism.The author has simplified the difficult philosophical concepts of modernism and make them more accessible to readers by removing the ambiguities, which is a significant achievement in its own right and other critics have failed to do.
