History
Zahra Alizadeh Birjandi; Zahra Hamedi; Somayeh Poursoltani
Abstract
In addition to the role of textbooks in conveying information and understanding the curriculum, they can effectively socialize and institutionalize social values. Textbooks and their illustrations have a lasting effect on learners’ attitudes and behavioral patterns by inducing content and concepts. ...
Read More
In addition to the role of textbooks in conveying information and understanding the curriculum, they can effectively socialize and institutionalize social values. Textbooks and their illustrations have a lasting effect on learners’ attitudes and behavioral patterns by inducing content and concepts. One of the categories worth studying to understand these functions is how gender is reflected in textbook images. Therefore, in the present study, the images of elementary school books of the Pahlavi period have been examined in terms of gender and gender roles. This descriptive-analytical study aims to evaluate the role of textbook images in redefining gender roles and gender modeling of learners. The findings of this study show the effect of the presence of gender stereotypes in terms of the role and position of the two sexes in the family and the social system. The gender structure of the textbook images of the Pahlavi period indicates the limitation of the presence of women in the historical, political, scientific, and intellectual fields.
History
Yazdan Farrokhi
Abstract
Research on the situation of women during the Mongol rule, due to the different views that the Mongols had about the position of women in politics and society, is one of the important fields of research on the history of Iran that has attracted the attention of some scholars. However, despite the importance ...
Read More
Research on the situation of women during the Mongol rule, due to the different views that the Mongols had about the position of women in politics and society, is one of the important fields of research on the history of Iran that has attracted the attention of some scholars. However, despite the importance of this field, compared to other fields, a small number of coherent and problem-oriented research in this field has been done and published. Therefore, the publication of the book Women in Mongol Iran, which was originally the author's doctoral dissertation, deserves to be introduced, reviewed, and evaluated. The author claims that he has addressed this issue due to the lack of in-depth study in this important field, and therefore, this article seeks to evaluate the achievement of this aim in this book. The present article, in a descriptive-analytical method and with a critical approach, addresses the question: to what extent has the author's achievements been able to achieve a fundamental and deep understanding of women in Mongol Iran? It seems that the author has been successful in achieving his specific goals and, in addition to some content and form, has provided a solid achievement and foundation for further research in this field.
Archaeology
Ehsan Ahmadinya
Abstract
While none of the possible historical sources of Achaemenid royal libraries are available to us, with the exception of Darius the Great’s inscription at Behistun and the Cyrus Cylinder, we do not have any other chronicle inscriptions of this period. A major part of the history of the Achaemenid ...
Read More
While none of the possible historical sources of Achaemenid royal libraries are available to us, with the exception of Darius the Great’s inscription at Behistun and the Cyrus Cylinder, we do not have any other chronicle inscriptions of this period. A major part of the history of the Achaemenid era has been based on the information given from Greek and sometimes Jewish sources, which researchers often point out shortcomings, contradictions, and even their narrative nature. With the development and expansion of the new archeology since the 1960’s up to now, and exploring the most important Achaemenid centers, whose discoveries began about a century earlier, a large amount of inscriptional information as well as information derived from the interpretation of material culture made available to researchers. Among them, the discovery and reading of a significant number of tablets belonging to the Achaemenid administrative and economic archives of some states, such as Pars and Babylon, reveal new information on the Achaemenid administrative and economic mechanisms. In addition, through this information, researchers have been able to extract valuable information from court individuals, as well as socio-historical and Juridical trends, and even specialization in artistic events. According to them, Achaemenid history is brought closer to reality. The evolution of academic science from the middle of the twentieth century led to more specialized science, and social developments at that time also resulted in the formation of movements such as feminism and similar cases. The debates in these new branches have led the way to research into a wide range of history and have led to significant discoveries and perspectives. Maria Brosius is among the scholars who, according to this trend, presented their studies on Achaemenid women in the form of a doctoral thesis and then a book entitled “Women in Ancient Iran (331-559)”. This article reviews and criticizes this book along with one of its Persian translations.
