Foreign Languages
Reza Kiani
Abstract
The welfare and social security system in our time, due to the developments and global conditions, has faced various crises and challenges. For this reason, recognizing the crises and harms of the social security system and adopting policies to deal with those crises are among the important issues in ...
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The welfare and social security system in our time, due to the developments and global conditions, has faced various crises and challenges. For this reason, recognizing the crises and harms of the social security system and adopting policies to deal with those crises are among the important issues in social welfare research. Having a favorable level of social welfare for citizens is considered to be one of the characteristics of a developed society and the result of extensive developments in the development system of countries because this issue plays an important role in the state of benefiting from welfare services and economic security of the entire society. One of the most important scientific sources for understanding the state of social security systems is the reports prepared, compiled and published by the International Union of Social Security. Recently, in a book entitled "Ten Global Challenges of Social Security", this organization has explored and examined the challenges of the social security system on a macro level and proposed policies to deal with that challenge. In this article, in line with this report, the concepts, policies, indicators and criteria mentioned in this important book have been examined and the challenges facing the country's social security system have been presented and examined.
Sociology
Zahra Karimi Moughari
Abstract
The East Asian Development Experience: The Miracle, The Crisis and The Future is written by Ha Joon Chang and is translated into Persian by Leila Sadat Fatemi Nasab. The book explains the causes of successful development in East Asian countries. These countries which were poor and backward after the ...
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The East Asian Development Experience: The Miracle, The Crisis and The Future is written by Ha Joon Chang and is translated into Persian by Leila Sadat Fatemi Nasab. The book explains the causes of successful development in East Asian countries. These countries which were poor and backward after the Second World War, during a few decades, became newly industrializing countries. There are different views about the causes of the development of East Asian countries. Some experts believe that the major cause is their acceptance of market mechanisms and export orientation. While others emphasize the governments' role in supporting infant industries and encouraging the private sector exports. Chang shows that free-market mechanism was not the cause of their success. Conversely, governments' conditional supporting measures alongside effective supervision on the private sector economic performance, and emphasis on exports had a major impact in the development of the East Asian countries. “The East Asian Development Experience: The Miracle, The Crisis and The Future” is a very useful book for Iranian researchers and policymakers in the current situation. Fatemi Nasab's translation of the book is very good but there are a few problems in translating special words that seem to be related to the lack of deep knowledge in economics.
political science
Mokhtar Nouri; Homayoun Abbasabadi
Abstract
The Problem of Development has always been a topic of discussion for researchers and thinkers in various fields of social sciences. In this framework, “Critical Approach to Community-Based Development” is one of the leading works in the field of sociology of development, written by Margaret ...
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The Problem of Development has always been a topic of discussion for researchers and thinkers in various fields of social sciences. In this framework, “Critical Approach to Community-Based Development” is one of the leading works in the field of sociology of development, written by Margaret Ledwith. Ledwith is a researcher in the field of communitarianism and social justice, which in this work examines the development of community-based. She has focused both on objective developments in Western societies such as England in the context of globalization and on two philosophical turning points of the twentieth century: the Brazilian philosopher Paolo Freire and the Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci. According to Ledwith, community-based development requires a search between theory and method. According to him, community-based development forms the knowledge that is based on justice, equality, and democracy. It seems that the connection between theory and practice for change is one of the innovations of Ledwith in this work. The purpose of this article is to introduce the mentioned work, critique and evaluate it in both form and content and focus on Iranian society.
Economy
Mehdi Hajamini; Mohammad Ali Aboutorabi
Volume 18, Issue 9 , February 2019, , Pages 93-114
Abstract
Although the birth of the first specialized development theories has so far lasted less than a century, the evolution of these theories has been controversial. While each theory attempts to explain the reasons behindthe development and underdevelopment, it has been criticized by more recent theories, ...
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Although the birth of the first specialized development theories has so far lasted less than a century, the evolution of these theories has been controversial. While each theory attempts to explain the reasons behindthe development and underdevelopment, it has been criticized by more recent theories, and hence the development economics is continuously developing. Meanwhile, perspectives of Dependency and Post-development regard other perspectives as a set of pessimistic, homological, and colonial theories, and called them “Theories of Western Development” and rejected them. The book of “Imagining the Post-Development Era” contains articles with different perspectives, but the book's theme and the ideas are based on Dependency and Post-development perspectives. The present paper seeks to develop the understanding of development. In addition, it offers suggestions for writing and editing similar books in the future.
political science
Seyyed Aqil Hoseiny; Seyyed Esmaeil Masoudi
Volume 18, Issue 6 , December 2018, , Pages 103-125
Abstract
The main hypothesis of Amartya Sen in his famous book "Development as Freedom" is that the private freedom should be recognized for overcoming the problem of development. According to Sen's liberal approach, the freedom is both the tool and the end of development. Essentially development is the process ...
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The main hypothesis of Amartya Sen in his famous book "Development as Freedom" is that the private freedom should be recognized for overcoming the problem of development. According to Sen's liberal approach, the freedom is both the tool and the end of development. Essentially development is the process of extending the actual freedoms such as increasing longevity and life expectancy and in fact the increasing of the quality of life.Several criticisms have been leveled against this approach, for example the inconsistency between the essential characters of Sen's approach to development such as the instrumental rationality and freedom. Also, the Sen's claims that there are positive relationship between democracy and development, and the negative relationship between population and development are doubtful and has been criticized. Since the Sen's approach has no predetermined and essential deontological requirement except freedom itself, itis inconsistent with the deontological systems such as religion. Finally, the historical and structural relationship between individual and nations have not been seriously taken into account.
