History
Sayyed Abolfazl Razavi
Abstract
Manzello’s encounter with the nature of historical cognition and the quality of its achievement on the two epistemological horizons of modernism and postmodernism in the light of the three historical approaches of reconstructionism, constructivism, and deconstructionism in the transition from modernism ...
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Manzello’s encounter with the nature of historical cognition and the quality of its achievement on the two epistemological horizons of modernism and postmodernism in the light of the three historical approaches of reconstructionism, constructivism, and deconstructionism in the transition from modernism to postmodernism, with the subtle difference between the two concepts of "historian" and the “history-researcher” is considered to be examined. The historian who lives in the discourse space of the realization of the historical subject, immersed in modern conditions, experiences and compels the resulting comprehension of history and creates historical documents. The “history-researcher” lives in the contemporary discourse space and thinks in accordance with the structural and discourse requirements of his time and communicates with history. The history-researcher, both in the sense of reconstruction-construction and in the sense of deconstruction, presents his narrative in the light of narration and passing through events. A detailed description of the above-mentioned three approaches is considered in Manzello's book entitled “Deconstruction of History”, which is examined in both negative and positive aspects.
History
behzad asghari; Nayereh Dalir
Abstract
In the fifth century AH, the Seljuk dynasty extended beyond the borders of the present-day Iran, and they linked the history of Iran with neighboring territories. Therefore, the study of the history of this dynasty is very pivotal. In this regard, the work of "Seljuks from the Beginning to the End" by ...
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In the fifth century AH, the Seljuk dynasty extended beyond the borders of the present-day Iran, and they linked the history of Iran with neighboring territories. Therefore, the study of the history of this dynasty is very pivotal. In this regard, the work of "Seljuks from the Beginning to the End" by Abolghasem Forouzani in seventeen chapters is an attempt to examine all aspects of the Seljuk government. The question that arises is to what extent the author has been able to analyze and explain the various aspects of the Seljuk government based on the publication objectivesof this textbook. Therefore, in this article, the critical and analytical approaches and the book validity are investigated. According to the conducted research, various relevant findings can be pointed out. Despite the variety of topics covered by this work on the Seljuk dynasty, it is a highly valid resource, especially in regard to the civilization and cultural aspect, which are considered among its most significant advantages. However, the application of the narration method in this work is majorly prevalent. Being used as an academic textbook, it will therefore be difficult to make an analytical understanding of the Seljuk era.
History
Rohullah Bahrami
Abstract
Vere Gordon Childe, an Australian archaeologist and historian, was one of most spectacular figures in archaeology and history in the first half of the 20th century. He took a methodologically synthetic approach to offer particular issues which are still given attention by pre-historians and historians. ...
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Vere Gordon Childe, an Australian archaeologist and historian, was one of most spectacular figures in archaeology and history in the first half of the 20th century. He took a methodologically synthetic approach to offer particular issues which are still given attention by pre-historians and historians. In this respect, his influential book History, targeting a survey of current theories on the history and historiography, was so given attention by academics in Iran that has been translated and published for several times. In this paper, it is attempted to review the Persian version of the book and that the methodological synthetic approach taken by its author about the historical order and the variables of such interpretation on the history.
History
Hamidreza Peighambari; Hasan Alahyari
Abstract
The study of marine history is one of the important cases in historical research. However, insufficient research has been done in this field in Persian language, and it was frequently investigated by non-academic writers. “The Atlas of Ports and Maritime History of Iran” is compiled by a ...
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The study of marine history is one of the important cases in historical research. However, insufficient research has been done in this field in Persian language, and it was frequently investigated by non-academic writers. “The Atlas of Ports and Maritime History of Iran” is compiled by a group of researchers supervised by two professors in the history field. In general, this article, as a review paper, tries to identify and scrutinize the strengths and weaknesses of the book in addition to improving its scientific quality for the future issues. To sum up, the comprehensiveness and utilization of various sources and research by using useful maps, clear illustrations, and sufficient tables can be proposed as the strengths of the book, while the dispersion and heterogeneity of the content and disaffiliation of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea section with the Caspian Sea section are the major weaknesses of the book.
History
Sayyed Mohammad Reza Hosseini
Abstract
One of the books published on the history of the early Islamic era is by Jamal Jawdah "Socioeconomic Situation of Malaali at the Beginning of Islam". This book deals with the critical ear of early Islam and treats the clash of the Omavids with the Malaali. This book has a number of shortcomings, such ...
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One of the books published on the history of the early Islamic era is by Jamal Jawdah "Socioeconomic Situation of Malaali at the Beginning of Islam". This book deals with the critical ear of early Islam and treats the clash of the Omavids with the Malaali. This book has a number of shortcomings, such as lack of innovation, lack of organization, having no definite conclusion, lack of proper sources, disregarding modern methods of research, etc. These drawbacks have embattled the writer, and he has not been successful in explaining the socio-economic conditions of Malaali in early Islam. The mentioned book has logical-critical and library-based methods and was criticized in an unbiased way. Some parts have been reviewed briefly.
History
Maryam Doalatraftar Haghighi; Mohammad Sepehri
Abstract
The works written in Samanid’s period in the field of history are partly the continuation of simple writing in the late second century A.H. The prose by a number of historians in the Samanid Period is artifact and the authors just tried to praise the ruler’s emirs and ministers exaggeratedly. ...
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The works written in Samanid’s period in the field of history are partly the continuation of simple writing in the late second century A.H. The prose by a number of historians in the Samanid Period is artifact and the authors just tried to praise the ruler’s emirs and ministers exaggeratedly. They counted them as the right kings of time. Historiography in this period was mostly based on personal observation, and for this reason access to the documents belonging to this period is very important. The main questions of this research are as follows: what are the essential features of historiography in the Samanid’s Period? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the best historical sources in this Period? This research explains the strong and weak points of historiography in the Samanid’s Period and also tries to identify the main features of historical sources within this era. Among the important features of Islamic historiography in this Period, the cultural and civilizational attitude of historians, holistic historiography, the appearance of rationalist analytical and educational attitude, combining various sciences such as History, Geography, Astronomy, and knowledge about different science and fields can be mentioned. Some other things that we can see in the historical compilations of this period are: starting to translate (Balamy historiography), avoiding the methods of news compilation based on the principles and traditions of Hadith records and also the appearance of new methods of historiography (local history like history of Bokhara). In general, the boom of historiography and the appearance of some important historical works in the period of Samanid are achieved through a variety of factors in the realm of this Iranian Family.
History
Seyyed Mohammad Rahim Rabbanizadeh; Sayed Hesam Mohammad Zadeh
Abstract
This research has utilized a critical method based on Lalau and Muffes discourse approach to scrutinize the book of “Discourse Evolution of the Report of Karbala Event”. The main question of this research is that based on which sort the discourses (emotional, transcendental, and historical) ...
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This research has utilized a critical method based on Lalau and Muffes discourse approach to scrutinize the book of “Discourse Evolution of the Report of Karbala Event”. The main question of this research is that based on which sort the discourses (emotional, transcendental, and historical) mentioned in this book are set. The conclusion indicates that the Karbala event has not been investigated as a historical and objective event so that it has not been referred to the historical facts of the Karbala event, but the writers’ positions in various discourses have been checked out in the psychological aspect of the event, so the statistical measures in this book cannot be valid. The sign and motto of the discourses under consideration is unclear, and ignores the power ratio in the incident report, and makes no mention of competing discourses in the report of the Karbala event.
History
Sayyed Abolfazl Razavi
Abstract
This present paper criticizes the interpretive approaches of Beatrice Forbes Manz’s, a researcher of Mongol and Timurid era, on the book "Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Period in Iran". Manz survey “Shahrokh's Era History” and specially relations between society and government ...
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This present paper criticizes the interpretive approaches of Beatrice Forbes Manz’s, a researcher of Mongol and Timurid era, on the book "Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Period in Iran". Manz survey “Shahrokh's Era History” and specially relations between society and government by different viewpoints and come up with new horizons. Thus, after introducing each chapter briefly about the Timurid surveying arena, it criticizes epistemological basics and author’s model theory through which the author interprets relations between society and government. The mentioned criticisms honor author’s viewpoint in coming up with new horizons in Timurid historiography, provoke readers to see Timurid’s successor’s society and government’s structure in a different way, pay attention to her attitude about Shahrokh Era History.
History
moslem soleimanian; siavsh yari; Zoleikha Amini
Abstract
The history of Abbasid era is the focus of attention from different angles, but previous studies have rarely dealt with it. This work has been considered and investigated as a political work so far. By traditionally scrutinizing the context of this book and critical analysis, one can realize other ...
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The history of Abbasid era is the focus of attention from different angles, but previous studies have rarely dealt with it. This work has been considered and investigated as a political work so far. By traditionally scrutinizing the context of this book and critical analysis, one can realize other existing aspects than Askandarbeig Monshi incidents. Though Abassid period history is the continuation of the Islamic Iranian histographic heritage, the basic approaches in this way of historiography should be sought in Iranian Islamic history heritage. Relying upon the critical discourse, the writers of the present study have made the most attempts to deal with more important issues such as history stimulant, insight identification, fatalism, and other social relations in Askandarbeig Monshi to be responded in Abassid period history. The results of the current investigation reveal that Askandarbeig Monshi has interpreted the events with relying on the same theology, heroic, and political approaches; besides, he has known the history instigator as the God given manifestation by Safavid kings. Undoubtedly his work can be considered as a scares study in the realm of perspicacity and theology. It has been far more exceedingly than other Iranian traditional historians so that his work is a somehow considerable work in the field of historical society by introducing the low-level pundits of Safavid dynasty.
History
Esmaeil Sangari; Alireza Karbasi
Abstract
The approach of contemporary western historians on the term of “Philhellen” on the coins of the Parthian kings has two types of interpretations. Some consider the superiority of Greek culture to Persian culture in Parthian period, and it is considered as a kind of unconditional and cultural ...
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The approach of contemporary western historians on the term of “Philhellen” on the coins of the Parthian kings has two types of interpretations. Some consider the superiority of Greek culture to Persian culture in Parthian period, and it is considered as a kind of unconditional and cultural surrender to Greek culture. Some other viewpoints, most of which are based on the later Western historians’ viewpoints, are that this term was used as a "political trick" by Parthian kings in order to control the Greek settlers in their territory. In this view, the use of the term on Parthian coins has not meant the unconditional surrender of Iranian culture to Greek culture, and its whole meaning has not been summed up in political goals, necessarily. What was created during Helenism and especially under the influence of stoic thoughts and its Iranian roots of thought was a global approach to the concept of humanity, which was fundamentally different from that of the Greeks before. This issue was compatible with Iranians’ perception from the global society that was rooted in Zoroastrian thoughts in Achaemenid period. Thus, the Parthian kings, using this interpretation, in fact, admire a kind of Greek culture that has a global and non-transcendental attitude towards human society and so that paved the way for its absorption in Iranian culture. This paper aims to provide a moderate judgment with a cultural-sociological approach by showing the cultural difference between Greeks and Iranians in the Hellenistic period and before that, using literary and archaeological evidence, with a descriptive-analytical method.
History
Abolhasan Fayaz Anush
Abstract
It is said that the relationship between history and theory is like “the deaf dialog”. It means that there are incongruous interests between them, and maybe the interpretation itself, causes an inconsistent relation between historians and theorists. The present paper explains that every historian ...
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It is said that the relationship between history and theory is like “the deaf dialog”. It means that there are incongruous interests between them, and maybe the interpretation itself, causes an inconsistent relation between historians and theorists. The present paper explains that every historian needs to have a theoretical base for writing and studying history. Then, it emphasizes that to criticize the historical works the critics must be aware of the theoretical base they criticize, and they themselves have to adopt a specific theoretical base. So, every theoretical base is pertinent to the metahistorical field, and it means that the historians who theorize have to attend to necessaries more than facts gathering. Therefore, the most necessary debate is an explanation of the relationship between the critique of history and metahistory. The paper analyzes different levels of historical knowledge to explain the relationship.
History
Ali Kavousi-rahim
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to criticize the “Catalogue of Manuscripts on Alchemy and Related Sciences within Iranian Libraries” by Zohre Māziār and Nasibe Ranjbardār, which has been published in 2013/1392, along with an introduction made by Yousof Beyg Bābāapour. Nowadays, ...
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The purpose of the present paper is to criticize the “Catalogue of Manuscripts on Alchemy and Related Sciences within Iranian Libraries” by Zohre Māziār and Nasibe Ranjbardār, which has been published in 2013/1392, along with an introduction made by Yousof Beyg Bābāapour. Nowadays, since the research on Islamic alchemy is in its infancy, the compilation of such a catalog could be acknowledged as a necessary reference for future studies on alchemy. The importance of a catalog comes from this way that it is the connective ring between ancient manuscripts and their editors. But, as concluded in this paper, that contribution would not be useful in the subject, in spite of its proper title. In the present critical analysis, we have remarked six major deficiencies of this catalog. Exclusive quotation from previously published DENA catalog without appropriate referencing to it, frequent writing mistakes and omitting a significant number of manuscripts could be reported as three major defects of this catalog. In my opinion, this catalog shall mislead the researchers in their way to detect the manuscripts instead of guiding them in a right path.
History
Behzad Karimi
Abstract
Madness is one of the less-discussed issues in the social and medical history of Muslim societies in the Islamic Middle Ages. Madness until two or three decades ago was mostly considered as a mental illness by medical history researchers. But with the introduction of new social approaches to medical ...
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Madness is one of the less-discussed issues in the social and medical history of Muslim societies in the Islamic Middle Ages. Madness until two or three decades ago was mostly considered as a mental illness by medical history researchers. But with the introduction of new social approaches to medical phenomena, we gradually see a stream of research that examines medical issues beyond the known boundaries of medical knowledge and in an interdisciplinary space that has produced some works. One of the few works that within this framework has extensively analyzed the history of madness in Islamic societies is Majnun: The Madman in Medieval Islamic Society by Michael W. Dols. In this book, he has extensively explored the subject of insanity in three different medical, social-historical, and legal/religious perspectives, relying on a variety of sources. However, this work has some defects for a variety of reasons, including the author’s partialism approach, overwhelming data on madness and being caught in the trap of a European-oriented Orientalist approach that in some cases has produced inappropriate generalizations.
History
Amin mohammadi
Abstract
In recent decades by finding the importance of economic history, studies and research about the economic aspects of Iran have been expanded. Researchers such as Willem Floor and Rudi Mattee investigated the documents and archives about Finance, tax, trade and bazaar in Iran by a focus on Safavid and ...
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In recent decades by finding the importance of economic history, studies and research about the economic aspects of Iran have been expanded. Researchers such as Willem Floor and Rudi Mattee investigated the documents and archives about Finance, tax, trade and bazaar in Iran by a focus on Safavid and Qajar era. By the way, some Iranian translators try to interpret their books as soon as possible. Because of the number of special words and idioms in these texts, it is obvious that the translation must be done by a special person who is skillful in linguistic sciences and economic and historical matters. In this article, we try to find out this question that: how can lacking expertise hurt the main text. We find out that being unfamiliar with some aspects of the text such as political history, historical geography, financial idioms and terminology, and documentation causes some big mistakes in translation, and all the readers, writers, and translators get mixed up.
History
Alireza Mollaiy Tavany
Abstract
This article criticizes Gholam Hossein Zargarinejad’s book that named "History of Iran in the Qajar Period: The Age of Aga Mohammad Khan”. The life and work of Aga Mohammad Khan Qajar is one of the controversial topics in the Iranian history. There has been much research and historical novels ...
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This article criticizes Gholam Hossein Zargarinejad’s book that named "History of Iran in the Qajar Period: The Age of Aga Mohammad Khan”. The life and work of Aga Mohammad Khan Qajar is one of the controversial topics in the Iranian history. There has been much research and historical novels written about him so far. Generally, bloody, cruel, and vengeful figures have been drawn in both the Pahlavi and Islamic Republic-era historiography discourse and independent research. That would have been a different fate for Iran if it had not abolished Zandieh’s government. Zargirinejad is one of the scholars who echoed this view in his earlier works but in his book “History of Iran in the Qajar Period: The Age of Aga Mohammad Khan”. He has attempted to alter this picture with a critical reading of sources and documents and to draw completely different figures. A person who is not only rumors about his cruelty, especially the blindness of the people of Kerman or the Caucasus, but also the opposite, was the only one among the claimants of power, including Lotfali Khan Zand, who completely thought about Iran and the revival of its historical realm. This article attempts to critically evaluate the views and views of Zargarinejad.
History
Ali Yahyaei
Abstract
The book “History, Culture &Civilization of Iran in the Buyid Dynasty” by Sadegh Hojjati is a detailed and relatively fluent account of the history of Iran and the Islamic world at the climax of Islamic civilization, which many scholars do not work on that period because of scarcity and ...
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The book “History, Culture &Civilization of Iran in the Buyid Dynasty” by Sadegh Hojjati is a detailed and relatively fluent account of the history of Iran and the Islamic world at the climax of Islamic civilization, which many scholars do not work on that period because of scarcity and Arabic linguistic references. The author appropriately organized the book into two parts: a political history (including ten chapters) and culture and civilization (including five chapters) and produced an acceptable work. But, neglecting some of the earlier sources and new research, not addressing some of the important issues such as religious politics and other aspects of foreign associations and some of the problems of segmentation or references in many paragraphs, various criteria in writing, and some inadequate judgments and probably inaccurate damaged the book to some extent. This article discusses the pros and cons of this book.
History
Parvin Turkemani Azar
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 1-13
Abstract
Islamic Society in the 3rd and 4th Hijri centuries is important due to the dominance of the Buyid dynasty, Iranian and Shiite rulers in the Sunni Abbasid caliphate system, so this matter has received the consideration of Iranian scholars, Orientalists, and Islamologists. The research and compilation ...
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Islamic Society in the 3rd and 4th Hijri centuries is important due to the dominance of the Buyid dynasty, Iranian and Shiite rulers in the Sunni Abbasid caliphate system, so this matter has received the consideration of Iranian scholars, Orientalists, and Islamologists. The research and compilation about this period of history requires the accurate recognition of the Islamic society, Iranian society as well as the views of Sunnis and Shiites. For this reason, the Mottahedeh’s book, which takes approaches about the two components of loyalty and leadership, emphasizing the Buyid, deserves translation and critique. The present critique pertains to the content of the book in the original language. Since the translation of the book is important in the proper transmission of the concepts of history, culture, and the correction of the deficiencies in the original text, it evaluates two existing translations of the book by matching them with the original text as well as adapting the two translation texts. Result shows that lack of proper understanding about the Islamic society, the Iranian customs and culture, and the Buyid encountered problems in the text, despite the innovation and creativity in choosing social discussions. Although the translators of the first translation have not provided enough explanations to address the deficiencies of the content of the book, due to their consistency with the scientific expertise of the author, they have been able to provide more a reliable translation.
History
Hojatallah Judaki
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 15-27
Abstract
Torath is said to be a collection of literary and historical heritage that has been inherited from our ancestors and naturally written with their condition. Throughout history, due to changes made in the language, sometimes writing has become different from generation to generation, and therefore it ...
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Torath is said to be a collection of literary and historical heritage that has been inherited from our ancestors and naturally written with their condition. Throughout history, due to changes made in the language, sometimes writing has become different from generation to generation, and therefore it is difficult to understand the writings of the predecessors. The longer the text is older, the more difficult it is. In addition, the problem will be doubled when such texts should be translated. It is clear that all people cannot go to the original texts and have to use their translations. This is where the role of the translator as a mediator emerges. The translation will become more and more true and influent to the extent that the translator translates in a field that he has capability and has a mastery in the language of origin and destination.
History
Amir Hossein Hatami
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 29-43
Abstract
History, historiography, and historical knowledge are some of the favorite topics of postmodern scholars in the West and some of their exponents in Iran. Postmodernist ideas emerging from hermeneutical thought were a movement against positivist, deterministic, and objectivist views, especially in the ...
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History, historiography, and historical knowledge are some of the favorite topics of postmodern scholars in the West and some of their exponents in Iran. Postmodernist ideas emerging from hermeneutical thought were a movement against positivist, deterministic, and objectivist views, especially in the humanities. The postmodern thinkers have defined history differently. In their view, any description of the events of the past is in the form of an interpretation of them, and the past is never fully and accurately recognizable. But the reality is that accepting and applying the hermeneutic postmodernist perspective in history means getting absolute skepticism and the destruction of the bases of the historical knowledge and its rejection. Hence, in this research, this devastating and relativistic view has been critically criticized on the basis of some of the main postmodern texts. The research findings indicate the postmodern hermeneutic view of history contains contradictions which do not allow the researchers to accept the history of this view.
History
Yaghoub Khazaei
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 45-64
Abstract
Today, the discussion of method and methodology is one of the important measures of science in any field of science. Perhaps now, without knowledge of the method and methodology the claim of science in every discipline is questioned. In doing so, the present study criticizes three published works ...
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Today, the discussion of method and methodology is one of the important measures of science in any field of science. Perhaps now, without knowledge of the method and methodology the claim of science in every discipline is questioned. In doing so, the present study criticizes three published works in the field of research method in the history, namely Research Method in Historiography by Dr. Jahangir Ghaem Maghami, An Introduction to Research Method in the History by Dr. Alireza Mollaiy Tavani and Method of Research in History by Dr. Hassan Hazratiand, evaluating the method and methodology and its relation with thinking in the history. This critique reveals the implications of adopting a positivist approach in the history. The adoption of the methodological patterns of natural sciences in history, weakening the position of criticism, Undermining the position of thought in history, ignoring the role of the historian as at least part of the process of producing history, etc. are the consequences of adopting a positivist approach in history. Accordingly, it is the current research strategy that arrangements are to be considered by that, thinking in history becomes the dominant position. The present article aims to establish a distinct relation between history and thought, and there is a definition and interpretation of history and historical methodology, advocating strengthening thinking.
History
Hooshang Khosrobeigi
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 65-88
Abstract
The rapid generalization of educational technology can be seen as a revolution in education. Accordingly, the forthcoming, not too distant, in the "Council for the Study of Texts and Textbooks" seems to be the focus on examining the content of electronic textbooks along with printed books. The initial ...
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The rapid generalization of educational technology can be seen as a revolution in education. Accordingly, the forthcoming, not too distant, in the "Council for the Study of Texts and Textbooks" seems to be the focus on examining the content of electronic textbooks along with printed books. The initial step in criticizing electronic content is identifying features, functions, and requirements of an electronic syllabus.The purpose of this research is to review the requirements and the production of academic electronic content in the field of history. This is an attempt to get an idea of how these works are appropriately criticized. A part of these studies is about how to use multimedia facilities in electronic content to teach history at the university. Based on this, the main issue of this study is how to align history teaching with the capabilities, methods, and tools of education in the electronic education system and electronic content. This study was conducted using descriptive-analytical method. This study showed that the nature and content of the history courses are very much aligned with e-learning. The data from this research can be a useful tool for developing a critique of electronic content, especially in the field of history.
History
Mohsen Rahmati
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 89-114
Abstract
In this article, the explanatory and interpretative function of the book of "Politics of Knowledge in the Islamic World: The Convergence of Knowledge and Ideology in the Seljuq Period" has been criticized from two positive and negative aspects. The cultural status of the Islamic society, especially from ...
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In this article, the explanatory and interpretative function of the book of "Politics of Knowledge in the Islamic World: The Convergence of Knowledge and Ideology in the Seljuq Period" has been criticized from two positive and negative aspects. The cultural status of the Islamic society, especially from the standpoint of knowledge and its relationship with the political institution in the Seljuq period, is one of the privileged and less known aspects of Islamic culture and civilization. The author of the book, using the theories of Louis Althusser and Michel Foucault, has examined the relationship between the two institutions of politics and knowledge in the Seljuq period. Some outstanding notes of the book were the importance of subject and its different productions of it, fluent and understandable translation, focus on an important, complex and new topic in the research, explanation and interpretation of the subject using a variety of historical and geographical sources. However, many imperfections can be found such as the failure to provide an understandable description of the subject, inappropriate generalization, and inattention to the historical research method, some intermittent themes in the original text, and some inappropriate equivalence, and topic and editing errors in translated text.
History
Seyed Abolfazl Razavi
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 115-129
Abstract
As the concern and ambiguity that a historian has extracted from the subject under study and attempts to explain and interpret it, this issue can be articulated in two ways: one aspect of the issue that is strongly intertwined with the subject and past time considerations is how the issue is realized. ...
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As the concern and ambiguity that a historian has extracted from the subject under study and attempts to explain and interpret it, this issue can be articulated in two ways: one aspect of the issue that is strongly intertwined with the subject and past time considerations is how the issue is realized. This aspect involves the disability and the process of realization of the issue and can be considerable in the light of the knowledge and expertise of the historian and other specialist historians in the age of study, but the causal aspect of the issue that deals with the cause of it is a category specifically associated with the subjective knowledge and ideas related to the considerations of the historian’s life and shows the status quo of the historian’s ecosystem whether in design or in response. The applied aspects of the knowledge of history and the interplay of past and present in the research of the historian, and the interdisciplinary nature of his research emerge in this aspect of the issue. This aspect, according to the historian’s past-oriented or modernist approach to the design, directs the reason for historical research. In this article, with a brief reflection on the status of the issue and the nature of its design, we examine the two approaches in explaining and designing the issue, and we reflect on their relevance to the effectiveness of historians’ research achievements.
History
Mohsen Ranjbar
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 131-145
Abstract
The present research introduces and criticizes the book ''Tazkera-al Khavas'', written by one of the scholars and historians of the seventh century, called Shams Aldin Yusof Ibn Qeazveghli, known as Sebt Ibn-Juzi. Since he has a special method and approach in the report of Ashura and the incidents about ...
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The present research introduces and criticizes the book ''Tazkera-al Khavas'', written by one of the scholars and historians of the seventh century, called Shams Aldin Yusof Ibn Qeazveghli, known as Sebt Ibn-Juzi. Since he has a special method and approach in the report of Ashura and the incidents about it, analyzing his report brings forth remarkable points for the other researchers. Furthermore, the author uses sources in the report of Ashura that are not available now; therefore, expounding his report, not only gives the historian scholars a relative awareness of the structure and contents, but also prepares the ground to reproduce the other works of historians.
History
Ali Salarishadi
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 147-169
Abstract
As long as the researchers of the Safavid history are concerned, the name of Roger Mervyn Savory is a historian whose name is well known and familiar to all. He is a author whose name has repeatedly been a led in the majority of works full of replicas in the Safavid history. His career has led Safavids ...
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As long as the researchers of the Safavid history are concerned, the name of Roger Mervyn Savory is a historian whose name is well known and familiar to all. He is a author whose name has repeatedly been a led in the majority of works full of replicas in the Safavid history. His career has led Safavids studies, especially in Iran, under his control, and the Iranian and Orientalism researchers in this field repeatedly cite him. In the minds of some researchers, Savory is known as a powerful researcher and distinguished Safavidologist, and he has even become himself a reference point for the Safavid history. He has also been introduced by such frequent and repeated writings about himself. However, his accurate and impartial examination of his writings does not prove it. His most important writings are based on the book of the history of the Alamara-i Abbasimi, which was complemented by other researchers of contemporaries. His information and views on the history of the Safavids are one-sided, influenced by the official Safavid sources, and are supposedly exaggerated. This article aims to prove some sources of Savory's insight in a documented way that his writings are non-investigative. He has more to transcribe the sources of Safavid history.
