Anthropology
shiva Alinaghian
Abstract
Many Scholars believe that “Imagined Communities” is one of a most influential Books in Late 20th. Based on the Anderson’s Point of view, Nationalism is not a false capitalist consciousness, instead it is produced by one of a fundamental aspects of capitalism. “Print Capitalism” ...
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Many Scholars believe that “Imagined Communities” is one of a most influential Books in Late 20th. Based on the Anderson’s Point of view, Nationalism is not a false capitalist consciousness, instead it is produced by one of a fundamental aspects of capitalism. “Print Capitalism” in its historical context, is a type of economic corporation which is not only affected on the formation and distribution of culture, but it also was a part of capitalist production as well. His contribution was to show how print industry helped development of national units. A critical review can declare Anderson’s analysis is less practical and useful. It could not explain how a nation is distinguished from other types of community which he has constructed in the book. In addition, his analysis faces three serious problems: his understanding of nation is something classless, asocial and universal; minorities, marginal and subaltern groups are absent in his analysis, and finally he is unconsidered to sexuality structures and women’s reproductive role in generating a nation. These obstacles base his construction of citizenship and nation upon white, middle class, educated European men.
political science
Seyyed Reza Hoseini; Mostafa Rezaee; Amir Etemadi Bozorg
Abstract
Vanessa Martin is an English-speaking scholar of contemporary Iranian history who attempts to examine the Constitutional Revolution from an external perspective and its socio-political developments in her book. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the book analytically-critically in terms ...
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Vanessa Martin is an English-speaking scholar of contemporary Iranian history who attempts to examine the Constitutional Revolution from an external perspective and its socio-political developments in her book. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the book analytically-critically in terms of form, method, theory and content. Vanessa Martin's focus in this book is to identify political currents and socio-economic and local developments outside of Tehran that have had a direct impact on the Constitutional Revolution and its aftermath. A review of the book shows that the author has tried to define local constitutionalism in relation to national identity. The findings show that from the author's point of view, in terms of the traditional context of Iranian society and the clergy, the constitutional revolution is considered a historical and religious issue, but intellectuals consider it a mythical and modern issue. Vanessa Martin's innovation in this book is to identify the role of local forces, especially in the regions of Azerbaijan, Bushehr, Fars and Isfahan in the Constitutional Revolution, but in the type of classification of political currents and their definition of the constitutional revolution, there are problems that need to be corrected in later versions.
political science
Seyed Ali Mahmoudi; Seyed Navid Kalahroudi
Abstract
The main issue of this article is exploring the nature of imperialism as a fundamental phenomenon in new age which is connected to some subjects such as development, nation-state, bureaucracy, and citizenship. The importance and complexity of this issue led Arendt to analyze and critique its multiple ...
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The main issue of this article is exploring the nature of imperialism as a fundamental phenomenon in new age which is connected to some subjects such as development, nation-state, bureaucracy, and citizenship. The importance and complexity of this issue led Arendt to analyze and critique its multiple aspects. The purpose of this research is the description, analysis and critique of some basic theoretical and historical dimensions of Arendt’s Imperialism and explanation of some aspects of her innovations and shortcomings. The methodology of Thomas A. Spragens on political theorists is used in this research. The outcome of our quest on Arendt’s treatise is that her central problem as a philosopher has been human beings and the ecology of mankind. She has helped for promotion and accuracy of political literature by finding the distinction between definitions of some concepts. In this way, she has clarified the complexities of her treatise. Although she has criticized the humanitarian aid of developed countries to less-developed states and sees it as imperialist, she has not offered a way out of this complex dilemma. To find the cause and analyses of phenomena of the modern age, such as the anti-Semitism and statelessness that Arendt found in racism, are examples of her innovations as a political theorist.
Sociology
Siavash Gholipour
Abstract
The book Ethnicity and Ethnocentrism: Myth and Reality is a narrative about the conflicts of ethnic groups in Iran after the First World War until the last decades of the 14th century. According to the author, ethnicity and ethnic groups are modern categories and have no history in Iran. The three factors ...
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The book Ethnicity and Ethnocentrism: Myth and Reality is a narrative about the conflicts of ethnic groups in Iran after the First World War until the last decades of the 14th century. According to the author, ethnicity and ethnic groups are modern categories and have no history in Iran. The three factors of the centralist and authoritarian state, the utilitarianism of the elites and the international forces played a role in the emergence of these conflicts and the formation of ethnicity. The book examines ethnicity and ethnocentrism in the context of internal and external political and social relations; It also shows the constructiveness of ethnic nationalism based on abundant historical data. In line with the book's themes, the author introduces inclusive government, highlighting cultural commonalities, and de-escalation policies as appropriate strategies for dealing with Iran's multicultural situation. There are criticisms of this work that can be mentioned as follows: the book has used different approaches without combining them and lacks paradigm coherence; Like positivists, it seeks a criterion for determining the boundaries of ethnicity, but there is no such criterion; All the arguments of the book in the direction of the construction of ethnicity are also applicable to national identity, but the author is silent about this and falls into a kind of national essentialism; It downplays the role of economic policies and development plans in ethnic conflicts; Finally, it neglects the impact of modern social change and the inevitable presence of the "other" in the formation of ethnicity.
political science
Hamid Nassaj
Abstract
“Nations Matter” is a passionate defense of nationalism in the age of cosmopolitanism. Craig Calhoun sees cosmopolitanism as a raw fantasy and nationalism as a realistic view. He called the formation of a world-democratic city-state a charming but unattainable ideal and claimed that now, ...
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“Nations Matter” is a passionate defense of nationalism in the age of cosmopolitanism. Craig Calhoun sees cosmopolitanism as a raw fantasy and nationalism as a realistic view. He called the formation of a world-democratic city-state a charming but unattainable ideal and claimed that now, in the first decade of the twenty-first century; the discourse of globalization is foggy more than it was in the 1990s. In this short article, fifteen critiques are presented to the author’s claim. The most important criticism is that the growth of extremist nationalism in the United States and Europe cannot be considered a defeat for the world because social change will generally take place in a sinusoidal, mixed-resistance path, and in the process of ups and downs. The rise of Trump, Brexit, and the like is part of a global resistance movement that is quite natural. The resistance will continue and may intensify, but on a larger scale, the general trend is still in favor of globalization, and nationalism is nothing but a decline.
