political science
Mohammad Shojaiyan; Mohammad Reza Taheri
Abstract
Communitarianism and its serious critique of liberal discourse is one of the most important issues in contemporary political philosophy. The book "An Introduction to the Debate of Liberals and Communitarians in Contemporary Political Philosophy" is responsible for analyzing this important issue. One ...
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Communitarianism and its serious critique of liberal discourse is one of the most important issues in contemporary political philosophy. The book "An Introduction to the Debate of Liberals and Communitarians in Contemporary Political Philosophy" is responsible for analyzing this important issue. One of the strengths of the present book is to address an almost novel subject in the field of political philosophy that has been less studied independently, especially in Persian sources. The authors' emphasis on Paul Ricoeur's method as "text-based hermeneutics" gives them a considerable opportunity to examine and read the works of political thought. However, there are some objections to the book. First, the writers have not paid attention to the results of this conflict and the effects or, in other words, the changes that have resulted from the conflict in contemporary political philosophy. Second, the authors did not pay attention to the influence of Wittgenstein II's views on the content of the political philosophy of communitarianism. The authors also attribute a leadership role to McIntyre, but little attention has been paid to Sandel's very important position. Also, considering that the axis of the dispute was justice, it was appropriate that the axes explained in the book in this regard be finally referred to the issue of justice.
political science
Shahab Dalili
Abstract
Throughout the history of philosophy, there have been questions that the most important of which can be formulated and identified around the concept of justice and freedom. In the twentieth century, the relationship between justice and freedom became more and more important for human societies, and the ...
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Throughout the history of philosophy, there have been questions that the most important of which can be formulated and identified around the concept of justice and freedom. In the twentieth century, the relationship between justice and freedom became more and more important for human societies, and the most important scientific works addressed it. The theory of justice proposed by John Rawls in this regard became the focus of scientific discussions and aroused the concern of politicians. Robert Nozick defended justice as entitlement in Rawls' critique of justice as fairness. They first introduced the welfare state and second the minimal government as eligible for justice in societies. Due to this, other dualities such as individual rights/ collective good, equal status /equal opportunity, need/ merit, etc. were proposed. In this article, after introducing the sections of the book Statelessness, Government and Utopia, an attempt is made to analyze Nozick's criticisms of John Rawls, followed by a critical re-reading of some objections to the idea of entitlement justice and Nozick's minimal government.
political science
Mohammad Shojaiyan
Abstract
In Spheres of Justice Walzer offers an explanation of the principles of distributive justice based on an understanding of the meanings of the various social good. This explanation of justice is “pluralistic” and based on the idea of “complex equality.” Walzer’s point is ...
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In Spheres of Justice Walzer offers an explanation of the principles of distributive justice based on an understanding of the meanings of the various social good. This explanation of justice is “pluralistic” and based on the idea of “complex equality.” Walzer’s point is that each area of social life has its own criteria for distributing social good, and one area should not be extended to other areas. The opposite of Walzer’s ideal justice is coercion and domination, which means the domination of the standard of justice in one area over other areas of social life. The diversity of the principles of the distribution of social good, the attempt to reconcile pluralism and equality, and the opposition to the domination of capital over the realm of political power are among the highlights of Walzer”s theory of justice. Walzer’s critics, on the other hand, argue that Walzer’s conservative nature makes him unable to take a clear critical stance on the wrong ways of distributing social good. Lack of a clear criterion for understanding the social criteria of the distribution of goods, the relativity of social meanings, and inability to provide a criterion for criticizing incorrect methods in the distribution of social good are among the most important criticisms of Walzer’s theory of justice.
Economy
Mohammad Javad Nourahmadi
Abstract
This book explains the impact of dirty money on the functioning of the global capitalist system. Raymond Baker introduces a three-loop interconnected chain of interactions, including lawlessness, inequality, and the philosophy of utilitarianism, as the Achilles' heel of capitalism which has provided ...
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This book explains the impact of dirty money on the functioning of the global capitalist system. Raymond Baker introduces a three-loop interconnected chain of interactions, including lawlessness, inequality, and the philosophy of utilitarianism, as the Achilles' heel of capitalism which has provided the ground for the vulnerability of this system, especially in the twentieth century. Baker considers the restructuring of the free market system and the continuation of the optimal functioning of this system in the 21st century to be subject to serious reforms in the philosophy of capitalism, namely utilitarianism, with an emphasis on the theory of justice of John Rawls and Thomas Pogg. He believes that effective measures to reduce inequality in wealth within and between countries should be taken to reduce dirty money and debt forgiveness of developing countries. Baker also recommends institutional changes in the structure of the World Bank and the financial system of developed countries to reduce the creation and flow of dirty money from developing and transition countries. In this article, while evaluating the form and content of Baker's book, his innovations in the critique of the global capitalist system are presented from within and compared with other critiques of capitalism, and suggestions for updating the book are presented.
Sociology
Behrouz Muhammadi Munfared
Abstract
The book Utopia of Tamsmour is one of the most important and influential works, which has also been a platform for writing later utopias. Therefore, the analysis and critique of this book are of special importance. The aim of the present study is to lay the groundwork for the introduction of the ideal ...
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The book Utopia of Tamsmour is one of the most important and influential works, which has also been a platform for writing later utopias. Therefore, the analysis and critique of this book are of special importance. The aim of the present study is to lay the groundwork for the introduction of the ideal utopia - with the help of the critique of the undesirable utopia.This research, in the first step, presents a descriptive report of Thomas’s Utopia and the conditions affecting the writing of this book. In the second step, he will review his content.
political science
Majid Tavasoli Roknabadi; Mokhtar Nouri
Volume 18, Issue 6 , December 2018, , Pages 55-77
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the book of justice theory by John Rawls, a contemporary political philosopher. An attempt will be made to introduce a critical review on the agenda. What is Rawls's main issue? What is the purpose of this work and its place in the resources available in this ...
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The purpose of this article is to review the book of justice theory by John Rawls, a contemporary political philosopher. An attempt will be made to introduce a critical review on the agenda. What is Rawls's main issue? What is the purpose of this work and its place in the resources available in this area? These are the most important issues the authors are trying to address. But, Rawls's main claim, which is justice as fairness, has been critically criticized by some schools of thought and thinkers in contemporary political philosophy. These critiques include critiques of libertarians, communitarians, and contemporary feminists. Also, the explanation of the relationship between Islamic attitude and Rawls’ Justice Theory is a subject that has been raised at the end of the article.
political science
Salman Sadeghizadeh; Abdulamir Nabavi
Volume 18, Issue 6 , December 2018, , Pages 189-211
Abstract
Demand for security is the second most essential human need after the physiological necessities to the life which evolves along with the metamorphoses in common life trends and processes and has gotten different aspects. In the modern age, the plaint concept - or an afloat signifier from a postmodernist ...
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Demand for security is the second most essential human need after the physiological necessities to the life which evolves along with the metamorphoses in common life trends and processes and has gotten different aspects. In the modern age, the plaint concept - or an afloat signifier from a postmodernist perspective - of security in the epistemological context created from the classic discourse of national security was related to a signified which was neither inclusive to all the members nor exclusive to the aliens. The mentioned shortage has been fixed through the new articulation of concepts and creation of a new conceptual correlation between the security and justice under a new epistemology embedded in the societal security discourse. In fact, the concept of national security could serve the sustainable security so long as it succeeds to create and insure justice in all societal fields along with boosting the social capital by which the convenience of individuals and social groups is reachable. To do so, adopting a society-based approach instead of a power-based one is necessary. This main is feasible and reachable only by prioritizing the civil society, empowering the society-founded institutions and embedding the policy making in the social and cultural values.
Economy
Allah Morad Seif
Volume 17, Issue 9 , March 2018, , Pages 113-135
Abstract
The idea of a resistance economy, proposed by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and his request to explain this idea by academics, has spurred many efforts since 2010, and many products have been published in the form of books, scientific articles, and lectures, but the main question ...
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The idea of a resistance economy, proposed by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and his request to explain this idea by academics, has spurred many efforts since 2010, and many products have been published in the form of books, scientific articles, and lectures, but the main question is how far the theory of resistance economy has been successful. This paper examines the answer to the question by focusing on the book "The Lessons of Resistance Economy” by Adel Paygami and has pointed out that there are still many areas that remain vague in the theory of resistance economy. First, the introduction and review of the overall work have been done in the form of each chapter of the book. Then, in criticizing the theme of the work, the eight titles include the definition of a resistance economy, the state and the market, the people based economy, domestic production and national production, sub-systems of the resistance economy, the relative or absolute stability of the economy, economic independence, and growth and justice have been explored. In each of these topics, it has been shown that there are important points that have been less relevant in the publications of resistance economy and in particular in the book.
Philosophy
Ahmad Reza Tabatabai
Volume 17, Issue 5 , October 2017, , Pages 15-34
Abstract
Michael J. Sandal (born March 1993) is an American Political philosopher and professor at Harward University. He is best known for the Harward Course Justice and for his critique of John Rawls’s “Theory of Justice”. Sandal in his book "Public Philosophy", which is about his ideas in ...
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Michael J. Sandal (born March 1993) is an American Political philosopher and professor at Harward University. He is best known for the Harward Course Justice and for his critique of John Rawls’s “Theory of Justice”. Sandal in his book "Public Philosophy", which is about his ideas in "Morality in Politics" has explained his philosophical and Political thoughts with real and objective examples. In this book, he has tried to lead abstract philosophical discussions into concrete political and social affairs. The author has tried to explain the relationship between ethics and politics in American society with concrete examples. The author of the present article aims to clarify Saddle’s view in ethics and politics as well as his critical thoughts about Rawls’s Theory of Justice.
Economy
Khosrow piraee
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September 2017, , Pages 21-34
Abstract
In the economics of the public sector, the presence of the government in the economy is studied from two perspectives of efficiency and justice. This section of economics seeks to provide a framework for explaining whether government should intervene in the economy. It also answers the question of how ...
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In the economics of the public sector, the presence of the government in the economy is studied from two perspectives of efficiency and justice. This section of economics seeks to provide a framework for explaining whether government should intervene in the economy. It also answers the question of how far the government should play a role in the economy. In the absence of the government, can a market mechanism produce favorable results? Is the availability of appropriate and comprehensive teaching resources a prerequisite for success and high quality education? Efforts to print textbooks in the sector of public economics are necessary, essential, and appreciable. The book of Economics of Public Sector, written by Yadollah Dadgar, is a commendable effort in this field and an endeavor to compensate for the shortage of appropriate teaching resources in economics of the public sector. It has many advantages and strengths, but there are some shortcomings which their elimination can add to the richness of the book's topics. The purpose of this article is to review and evaluate the book and express its strengths and weaknesses in order to increase the efficiency of the book in question.
political science
Mohammad Shojaiyan
Volume 16, Issue 41 , January 2016, , Pages 117-132
Abstract
John Rawls with the publication of "A Theory of Justice" is well known as one of the most important political philosophers of the twentieth century. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls argues for two basic principles of justice as are applicable for all human societies considering their moral diversity. Rawls's ...
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John Rawls with the publication of "A Theory of Justice" is well known as one of the most important political philosophers of the twentieth century. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls argues for two basic principles of justice as are applicable for all human societies considering their moral diversity. Rawls's theory of justice that is embodied in these principles, in fact, defines justice in relation to the liberty and preserves justice on the basis of the value of liberty. He adopted a liberal approach to justice. This theory has been criticized by both liberals and anti-liberals. Robert Nozick is one of the foremost critics of the liberal approach. He believes that Rawl's theory of justice entails the continual intervention in the affairs relating to individuals and constant violations of individual freedoms. Anti-liberal communitarians were the most important critics of the theory of justice those who believe that this theory does not provide a proper understanding of society and individual. Rawls liberalism considers society as a common threat to attain individual interests and individual, in his view, is abstracted from the social relations, while this is the ends, purposes and the participations of individuals in various societies that determine their identity and position and give particular moral features to individuals' life. Communitarians believe Rawls's theory of justice requires an exact conception of the individual and his fundamental features. This makes one of the most central Rawl's claims, i.e., the fairness of his justice principles indefensible.
Jurisprudence and Law
Mohammad Javad Javid
Volume 10, Issue 21 , December 2011, , Pages 107-137
Abstract
It is nearly three decades that modern human being has been thinking about the previous questions raised in its community regarding the philosophy of law, something that goes back to more than three thousand years. Contemporary researchers having the same point of view as Greek philosophers in the domain ...
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It is nearly three decades that modern human being has been thinking about the previous questions raised in its community regarding the philosophy of law, something that goes back to more than three thousand years. Contemporary researchers having the same point of view as Greek philosophers in the domain of Law, intentionally or unintentionally have noticed a key issue which itself lead to lots of deep but abstract and vague literature in facilitating access to peace and equality for all people. It is nearly half of a century that today's philosophy of law discusses "justice", a subject which is neither old nor new. In theory, it goes back to the creation of human beings and universe, but in practice it is just like a fetus. The philosophy of law in Iran seems like a light boat floating and wandering on the ocean of world current philosophy of law. It is very likely that a huge wave demolishes it completely or in the hope of reformation, restructures it. This article is an explanation of the same situation we experience with philosophy of law in Iran. It aims at analyzing "philosophy of law: definition and nature of law" which, in this article, is considered of great interest for the duality of its content.
