Persian Language and Literature
ahmad behnami
Abstract
"The Analytical History of Persian Language", written by Homeira Zomordi, has been written for one of the courses in Persian language and literature. Has the author been successful in her goal of introducing students to the history of the Persian language? The author of this article has reviewed this ...
Read More
"The Analytical History of Persian Language", written by Homeira Zomordi, has been written for one of the courses in Persian language and literature. Has the author been successful in her goal of introducing students to the history of the Persian language? The author of this article has reviewed this book. In this study, there are several shortcomings that can be enumerated as follows: many errors which can be seen in writing and some typographical errors, some of the historical information listed in the book is incorrect, lack of information which causes an incomplete understanding on the part of the reader, adequate sources have not been used in the writing of this book, the various sections of this book are taken from the research of the predecessors, and the author has not played much of a role in finding what he mentions.
Sociology
Naser Sedghi
Abstract
The study of the concept of Iran and national identity in relation to the issue of the ethnic and linguistic diversity of Iranian society is the main subject of the book “Iran in five narratives”. In the opinion of the author, our understanding of a phenomenon called Iran is a theoretical ...
Read More
The study of the concept of Iran and national identity in relation to the issue of the ethnic and linguistic diversity of Iranian society is the main subject of the book “Iran in five narratives”. In the opinion of the author, our understanding of a phenomenon called Iran is a theoretical and philosophical structure, not a fixed and permanent concept. Therefore, existing understandings of national identity and Iranianness can be criticized. By referring to the ethnic-linguistic and geographical diversity of Iranian society, the author seeks to provide a pluralistic reading of the concept of Iran and national identity. Criticizing the reductionist nationalist discourse, he considers Iranianness and national identity as a category beyond the single element of being Aryan and Persian. he believes that all Iranian ethnic groups and languages such as Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish, Baluchi, and Turkmen should be considered Iranian and based on that, the concept of Iran and national dignity should be redefined. Based on such a view, the author reviews and critiques the "narratives" of Shari’ati, Motahhari, Al-Ahmad, Zarrinkoob and Maskoob about the concept of Iran, national identity and the issue of linguistic diversity. In the present study, based on the method of qualitative content analysis, the narrations of the mentioned thinkers about Iran and national identity have been presented based on the author's reading and then the author's views on the concept of Iran and national identity have been studied. In the final discussion, the shortcomings of the book of Iran in Five Narratives are stated.
Foreign Languages
Maryam Shafaghi; Asghar Ghodrati
Abstract
Administrative correspondence is one of the standard Persian languages that has its own writing characteristics in terms of vocabulary, fixed structural and style stereotypes. Teaching such a style of language use, especially teaching language as a foreign language (based on the example of teaching Persian ...
Read More
Administrative correspondence is one of the standard Persian languages that has its own writing characteristics in terms of vocabulary, fixed structural and style stereotypes. Teaching such a style of language use, especially teaching language as a foreign language (based on the example of teaching Persian to Russian speakers in the subject of research) has its own characteristics and methodological solutions. Reading and translating the text of Persian administrative correspondence has difficulties for Russian speakers because of the following reasons: first, the tendency towards Arabicism in correspondence, second, the change of the meaning of some Arabic words adopted in Persian, and third, the characteristic of flattery extremism as an expression of politeness in Persian correspondence. All these reasons have made it more difficult for foreigners to read and understand the basic text of administrative and commercial correspondence. Although the book Persian Language - Correspondence and Business Documents written by Habib Najafov, is a valuable treasure of the collection of administrative and commercial correspondence between Iran and the Soviet Union/ Russian Federation, at the same time it has its drawbacks and the absence of a Persian-language editor in reviewing the texts of the "conversation" section, the use of incorrect stylistic applications in the language under the influence of frequent errors of Persian speakers, teaching the use of words in the language, which have become obsolete, such as "concerning the superiors" are some of them.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Reza Amini
Abstract
This article is a critical review of The History of Translation in Iran (in Persian), written by Abdolhossein Azarang. Having fluent prose and exact editing, not having typing mistakes, and providing good information about translation in some periods of Iran’s history are among the good peculiarities ...
Read More
This article is a critical review of The History of Translation in Iran (in Persian), written by Abdolhossein Azarang. Having fluent prose and exact editing, not having typing mistakes, and providing good information about translation in some periods of Iran’s history are among the good peculiarities of this book. And, repetition of some points in different parts of the content, relying excessively on some sources, generalization in some parts of the content, the content being deprived of a good and clear categorization, and inaccuracy of some of the historical information provided are among the shortcomings of the book. On the other hand, since about some periods of the history of translation in Iran the number of studies are more than the other periods, it is argued in this article that it was better and more useful if the focus of the book had been on those periods of the translation in Iran about which there is not any or adequate research.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Masood Ghayoomi
Abstract
The dependency grammar is one of the grammar formalisms that is originated according to the dependency relations of lexical elements in a sentence. This dependency is based on the valence of the lexicon; therefore, in this formalism the semantic representation of the words as valence is the backbone ...
Read More
The dependency grammar is one of the grammar formalisms that is originated according to the dependency relations of lexical elements in a sentence. This dependency is based on the valence of the lexicon; therefore, in this formalism the semantic representation of the words as valence is the backbone of the grammar. The current paper reviews the book entitled “Persian Grammar based on the Autonomous Theory in Dependency Grammar” according to three major contents. Firstly, the chapters of the book are briefly overviewed. Then, the book’s content is evaluated and analyzed and the weak and strong points of the book are studied from different perspectives. In this section, some suggestions are provided for the terminology and expressed concepts. Since dependency grammar does not belong to generative grammar, a comparison is made between the dependency and phrase structure grammar formalisms to understand the content better and to ease the mind of the reader with the generative grammar background about the basic concepts of the dependency grammar. At the end, suggestions are provided to extend the dependency grammar in the book.
Persian Language and Literature
Ali Reza Shabanlu
Volume 18, Issue 2 , June 2018, , Pages 173-189
Abstract
Semantics examines the effective ways of language application, and rhetoricians try to teach the eloquence skills to others and perceive the mystery of the eloquent speech by extracting the effective principles of utterance. The premise of Persian Dari rhetoric books is based on the translation of Arabic ...
Read More
Semantics examines the effective ways of language application, and rhetoricians try to teach the eloquence skills to others and perceive the mystery of the eloquent speech by extracting the effective principles of utterance. The premise of Persian Dari rhetoric books is based on the translation of Arabic rhetorical books with several inserted Persian examples, and has long been quoted the same as a few frequent old examples of the deceased, which indicates that the authors do not properly understand the rhetoric. In this article, the book "Rhetoric 1 (semantics)", which is the textbook of the largest university in the country, Payame Noor, was criticized and evaluated in terms of form, content, methodology and theory. Among the merits of the book, it is possible to mention the topics of semantics on the basis of the Persian grammar categories. Among its defects, it is possible to mention the imposition of the rules of Arabic rhetoric on Persian language, the disregard for the dynamics of language, the appropriation of semantics to literary language, the old black or white (biased) attitude towards Rhetoric, lack of attention to the work’s wholeness and inattentiveness to the oral and auditory aspects of language.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Ahmad Ramezani; Sasan Asadpour
Volume 16, Issue 41 , January 2017, , Pages 175-197
Abstract
This paper aims at depicting the importance of research on core vocabulary and reviewing critically “Farsi Core Vocabulary of Iranian Children” and “Identifying Farsi Core Vocabulary: a National Project” through psychological, linguistic, methodological and educational ...
Read More
This paper aims at depicting the importance of research on core vocabulary and reviewing critically “Farsi Core Vocabulary of Iranian Children” and “Identifying Farsi Core Vocabulary: a National Project” through psychological, linguistic, methodological and educational viewpoints. At first, the importance of core vocabulary and the history of developing the book are mentioned. Then, the description and analysis follow. The chapters are reviewed very briefly. Then, the methodology used for estimating the core vocabulary (the subtests administered in the main project) and the philosophy of their classification are analyzed in details.
Persian Language and Literature
Soheila Farhangi
Volume 14, Issue 30 , September 2014, , Pages 75-88
Abstract
Persian Language Grammar from a Typological Perspective, written by Shahrzad Mahootian and translated by Mehdi Sama’ei, is useful in comparing different languages and studying them based on global and comprehensive benchmarks. It also provides systematic data to be used by theoretical linguistic ...
Read More
Persian Language Grammar from a Typological Perspective, written by Shahrzad Mahootian and translated by Mehdi Sama’ei, is useful in comparing different languages and studying them based on global and comprehensive benchmarks. It also provides systematic data to be used by theoretical linguistic researchers as well as typologists. Although the book is valuable from the point of view of research, it has some deficiencies in appearance, structure, and content. The present paper aims to examine such deficiencies. Since this work is the textbook for the course ‘Persian Language Structure’ in the MA level of General Linguistics at Payam-e Noor University, it is necessary to revise it in the next editions.
Arabic Language and Literature
Soghra Falahati
Volume 12, Issue 25 , April 2013, , Pages 69-89
Abstract
Literary figures or rhetorical ornament are those devices which are employed by men of letters to adorn their language. These figures are not a part of language but are the product of time and environment where language grows and flourishes. Considering the closeness of Persian and Arabic languages and ...
Read More
Literary figures or rhetorical ornament are those devices which are employed by men of letters to adorn their language. These figures are not a part of language but are the product of time and environment where language grows and flourishes. Considering the closeness of Persian and Arabic languages and the existing evidence one can say that almost all Arabic literary figures are also used in Persian. The way these figures are introduced in Persian shows that they are presented sometime withThe same names and functions as in Arabic;Name less used in Arabic;New names or a translation of Arabic names;Somehow altered function;A completely different function.In this research it is shown, however, that some Arabic literary figures are not used in Persian.In Persian there are some figures which the Persian speakers have borrowed from other languages and aren’t mentioned in ancient Arabic books written on this subject. On the other hand, modern authors pay less attention. In her study of some samples the researcher in this article highlights the relationship between the science of rhetoric and this science showing that in both languages the issues of the above science deal also with literary figures. The article finally proves that rhetoric for the first time was introduced as an independent science in Arabic language and the speakers of Persian followed the Arabic example.
