Persian Language and Literature
Arash Amraei
Abstract
The ability of the Persian language with its cultural contexts made many Persian words and expressions have different meanings and functions under different situations. Expressing the metonymy of various phrases and expressions in the Persian language is one of these functions. For this reason, metonymy ...
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The ability of the Persian language with its cultural contexts made many Persian words and expressions have different meanings and functions under different situations. Expressing the metonymy of various phrases and expressions in the Persian language is one of these functions. For this reason, metonymy has always been considered by linguists, poets, and authors as part of the language and culture of any society. Metonymy is the beautiful, artistic, and implicit expression of different topics used by poets and authors as a subtle technique in expressing their purposes. Due to the extensive use of metonymy by Persian poets and authors, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of metonymy is a critical and competent task. Hassan Anwari and his colleagues complied and published a dictionary called “Sokhan Dictionary of Metonymy,” which is analyzed in this study. This book was published in two volumes in 1783. After reviewing and evaluating different concepts related to the book, the book structure has been succinctly introduced. Then, the content analysis and evaluation of the book was done. It was found that since this culture has been extracted from discourse culture, except metonymy, some other irrelevant entries have been mixed with it, leading to some incongruities and misinterpretations. In so doing, some of the most egregious problems are enumerated. It was finally concluded that this book needs to be seriously revised and rectified.
Archaeology
Kourosh Roustaei
Abstract
This is a critical assessment of the second volume of the book An Illustrated English-Persian Dictionary of Prehistoric Archaeology, written by Seyed Mansour Seyed Sajadi. The book suffers from several shortcomings which have been discussed in detail, especially the ambiguities and wrong information ...
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This is a critical assessment of the second volume of the book An Illustrated English-Persian Dictionary of Prehistoric Archaeology, written by Seyed Mansour Seyed Sajadi. The book suffers from several shortcomings which have been discussed in detail, especially the ambiguities and wrong information of the entries. It is obvious that the sources of gathering information about the entries, especially those related to the Iranian archaeology, have been outdated. No mention of the new sites and regions explored in Iran during the last two decades is seen in the book. Even the information of classic sites, like Sarab and Sialk, excavated over thirty years ago, is, in most cases, superficial and incomplete. Almost all dates for the Iranian sites are wrong. There is little attention to the Iranian entries than they deserved. With several examples, it has been shown that the word “prehistoric” in the title of the book is nothing but a superficial endeavor to attract the readers. The frequency of wrong, vague, and incomplete information in the book is too high to be regarded as a reliable source of information for students.
Economy
Abolfazl Noferesti
Abstract
This book is one of the new books on financial development published in 2010. The book has seven chapters and each chapter is written by different authors. Each chapter seems to be a summary of a broader study, set up in a framework almost like the article. Although the content of each chapter is very ...
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This book is one of the new books on financial development published in 2010. The book has seven chapters and each chapter is written by different authors. Each chapter seems to be a summary of a broader study, set up in a framework almost like the article. Although the content of each chapter is very valuable to study, it has not addressed many of the new issues affecting the relationship between the financial development and economic growth. On the part of the translation, this book does not have a fluent translation and requires a revision of the Persian translation and the Persian equivalents used for some English words. From the editorial point of view, it seems that the editing of the book has not been done carefully and the book needs to be revised again.
Arabic Language and Literature
Jamal talebi Gharehgheshlaghi; Askar babazadehaghdam
Abstract
Evaluation and critique of textbooks to make changes in the field of education are inevitable in order to help the owners of scientific works to improve their shortcomings. Accordingly, the present paper criticizes the book "Types of Arabic Poetry and Its Evolution", by Khalil Parvini and Seyyed Fazlullah ...
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Evaluation and critique of textbooks to make changes in the field of education are inevitable in order to help the owners of scientific works to improve their shortcomings. Accordingly, the present paper criticizes the book "Types of Arabic Poetry and Its Evolution", by Khalil Parvini and Seyyed Fazlullah Ghaderi, from two aspects of form and content to explain its strengths and weaknesses. One of the most important benefits of this work is the novelty of the design and the manner of operation and the presentation of research topics. The most important disadvantages, however, include abundance of writing, non-compliance with the style of the Persian literary academy, and lack of font and layout of the book which should be reviewed and revised. In terms of content, there are also many problems, including lack of coherence in some topics from the perspective of the research method, lack of observance of the logical sequence in the content, lack of consideration of the evolution of issues in some historical periods, including the Andalusian period, and lack of primary references.
Foreign Languages
Mohammad Ahmadi Safa
Abstract
Textbooks are considered as one of the most essential requirements of any educational process (2003) and play an axiomatic role in many formal educational settings alongside other pivotal elements including teacher and learners. Undoubtedly, the evaluation and appraisal of such a critical component of ...
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Textbooks are considered as one of the most essential requirements of any educational process (2003) and play an axiomatic role in many formal educational settings alongside other pivotal elements including teacher and learners. Undoubtedly, the evaluation and appraisal of such a critical component of education is not only a permanent need in any such context but also it directly enhances the quality and efficacy of educational practices. The present study critically appraises a textbook entitled "Understanding Research in Applied Linguistics". For the stated purpose, both content and facial aspects of the text are meticulously reviewed and evaluated. The most notable merits of the book include a good variety of activities designed, an extensive use and review of the related literature, and highly acceptable mechanics of writing; however, lack of rigid consistency and coverage of the stated objectives in the main text, fluctuations in the difficulty level of the language used and the inconsistency observed between the already designed ministerial syllabus and the content of the text are among the most salient shortcomings.
Philosophy
mohammad Anbarsouz; Yousef nozohour
Abstract
This paper is going to criticize the book: Kant's Practical Philosophy from Critique to Doctrine written by Gray Banham by using a descriptive-analytic method based on writer's interpretation of this work, and it aims to indicate that although this book is a new reading of Kant's practical philosophy, ...
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This paper is going to criticize the book: Kant's Practical Philosophy from Critique to Doctrine written by Gray Banham by using a descriptive-analytic method based on writer's interpretation of this work, and it aims to indicate that although this book is a new reading of Kant's practical philosophy, it has some significant problems by itself. Some of these problems include the unclearness of the text, the selectivity of the discussions, the lack of conclusion at the end of each chapter, the excessive compression and the extension of the discussed subjects. Moreover, the author of this article will introduce the structure of the Kant's Practical Philosophy from Critique to Doctrine and explain its advantages, the most important of which include the special attention of Banham to the relation between Kant's different works and the philosophical process of Kant’s thought in the practical philosophy (from critical works to doctrinal works), and investigate those works of Kant which were less considered (specially by Iranian Kant scholars), and consider the opposition of Banham with the accepted viewpoint of most interpreters of Kant’s practical Philosophy (formalistic interpretation) and his formulating a new interpretation of it (teleological interpretation).
History
Yaghoub Khazaei
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 45-64
Abstract
Today, the discussion of method and methodology is one of the important measures of science in any field of science. Perhaps now, without knowledge of the method and methodology the claim of science in every discipline is questioned. In doing so, the present study criticizes three published works ...
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Today, the discussion of method and methodology is one of the important measures of science in any field of science. Perhaps now, without knowledge of the method and methodology the claim of science in every discipline is questioned. In doing so, the present study criticizes three published works in the field of research method in the history, namely Research Method in Historiography by Dr. Jahangir Ghaem Maghami, An Introduction to Research Method in the History by Dr. Alireza Mollaiy Tavani and Method of Research in History by Dr. Hassan Hazratiand, evaluating the method and methodology and its relation with thinking in the history. This critique reveals the implications of adopting a positivist approach in the history. The adoption of the methodological patterns of natural sciences in history, weakening the position of criticism, Undermining the position of thought in history, ignoring the role of the historian as at least part of the process of producing history, etc. are the consequences of adopting a positivist approach in history. Accordingly, it is the current research strategy that arrangements are to be considered by that, thinking in history becomes the dominant position. The present article aims to establish a distinct relation between history and thought, and there is a definition and interpretation of history and historical methodology, advocating strengthening thinking.
Philosophy
Zohreh Saeidi
Volume 18, Issue 7 , December 2018, , Pages 101-114
Abstract
Philosophy of Eshragh is too important as it is situated between Mulla Sadra and Ibn Sina’s philosophy. Thus every book that introduces and analyzes itcan be assessed. In this book, the author, after propounding development ground of the logical – illuminated philosophy of Eshragh, focusing ...
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Philosophy of Eshragh is too important as it is situated between Mulla Sadra and Ibn Sina’s philosophy. Thus every book that introduces and analyzes itcan be assessed. In this book, the author, after propounding development ground of the logical – illuminated philosophy of Eshragh, focusing on biography, compilations and philosophical method. Then he debates Suhrvardi’s critique to Masha’s philosophy and afterwards indicates two realms of the ontology and epistemology in wisdom of Eshragh. Using the Suhrvardi’s compilations, especially wisdom of Eshragh, he presents philosophy of Eshragh in summary. In this essay, the author aims to introduce the book, present its summary, indicate positive and negative aspects, and suggest some points to improve it.
Jurisprudence and Law
Mohammad Reza Asadi; Seyed Saieed Lavasani
Volume 18, Issue 5 , September 2018, , Pages 1-17
Abstract
The theory of conventions is the basis of Islamic humanities, if it is viewed from a philosophical and holistic perspective and taken as part of existential discussions. In reality, humans are genuine and real beings that express their needs in this world through the language of conventions. Therefore, ...
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The theory of conventions is the basis of Islamic humanities, if it is viewed from a philosophical and holistic perspective and taken as part of existential discussions. In reality, humans are genuine and real beings that express their needs in this world through the language of conventions. Therefore, conventions are intertwined with anthropology and epistemology and act as the pillars of Islamic humanities. Propositions in the humanities including propositions in jurisdiction and law are conventions and do not necessitate proofs. What is important in these sciences is to attract benefits and dispose loss and gain perfection and prosperity, and in Islamic humanities the aim is to reach closeness to Allah. But, those who take jurisprudence and legal propositions as genuine have mixed genesis and decree since genuine relationships exist in areas where there is a relationship between cause and effect. In jurisprudence and legal issues, a law is validated through a judge and has no genesis, and religious or customary laws are taken from the validity of the judge or a legislator.
Jurisprudence and Law
Majid Banaei Oskoei
Volume 18, Issue 5 , September 2018, , Pages 45-66
Abstract
The commercial documents, as the paying mean of noncash, have a special position in the relationship between merchants, and many law books have discussed these issues. The third volume of the commercial law book has been written by an honorable author from different aspects such as Issuing, Transferring, ...
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The commercial documents, as the paying mean of noncash, have a special position in the relationship between merchants, and many law books have discussed these issues. The third volume of the commercial law book has been written by an honorable author from different aspects such as Issuing, Transferring, Paying and other subjects that are related to commercial documents. The present critique takes into account known standards and characteristics to assess and criticize the book. As a result, it aimed to identify its weaknesses and strengthens, and improve the quality of future studies. Of the most important defects of the book are lack of legal analysis and innovation. The present book, just provides a summative explanation of legal articles, and it fails to take into consideration other sources except the acts, so it is hoped that the suggestions of the present critique improve the quality of this book.
Arabic Language and Literature
Issa Motaghizadeh
Volume 18, Issue 4 , August 2018, , Pages 217-233
Abstract
University course books have a determining role in the teaching/learning process. A desirable course book has certain characteristics which differentiates it from a non-academic book. Reviewing and evaluating the content of the course book can lead to a better precision and accuracy in its design and ...
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University course books have a determining role in the teaching/learning process. A desirable course book has certain characteristics which differentiates it from a non-academic book. Reviewing and evaluating the content of the course book can lead to a better precision and accuracy in its design and organization. Using library research methodology in this study, an attempt has been made to obtain a framework which represents university course book characteristics. Our goal in this study was that by analyzing course book content we can also evaluate and review the definition and terminology of course book analysis, its application, dimensions, the related comments and interpretations. The book “Arabic Grammar and Reading” by Dr. Mohammad Reza Najjarian has been chosen as the case study, so we can check how well the book has benefited from the characteristics obtained. Course book is one of the most important and influential instructional medium which is very significant in the realm of education. Analyzing the content of course book can provide a better chance for the authors, course and curriculum planners and instructors to find the strengths and possible weaknesses of the books and also make revisions, and the possible changes to the content the books based on a desirable goal and academic principles can be helpful.
Arabic Language and Literature
Ebrahim Namdari
Volume 18, Issue 4 , August 2018, , Pages 273-289
Abstract
In the field of observing the standards of scientific papers, researchers take into account principles, rules, and specific criteria which depend on their skills, experience, and great carefulness. The present study aims to review the structure of six articles published in the Journal of Arabic Literature ...
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In the field of observing the standards of scientific papers, researchers take into account principles, rules, and specific criteria which depend on their skills, experience, and great carefulness. The present study aims to review the structure of six articles published in the Journal of Arabic Literature at Tehran University in the field of literature middle age, and their compliance with the standards of scientific papers. Research Standards related to the structure of scientific papers in these six articles suggest that some articles have drawbacks, such as having too general titles, lack of objective research methods in the abstract, weakness in key words, the lack of basic questions, lack of mentioning the literature and stereotypes of result.
History
Rohullah Bahrami
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 23-43
Abstract
“The Islam of Sufis” is the title of a book authored by the Tunisian writer, Mohammad Tayeb, on the Tasawwuf and Irfan. Our purpose is not only to introduce and scrutinize the book but also to revise and criticize its contents. Therefore, characteristics such as general structure, ...
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“The Islam of Sufis” is the title of a book authored by the Tunisian writer, Mohammad Tayeb, on the Tasawwuf and Irfan. Our purpose is not only to introduce and scrutinize the book but also to revise and criticize its contents. Therefore, characteristics such as general structure, outline, adjustment, publication, introductory aims and theoretical themes, discussions, conclusions, and cited references are addressed. Moreover, the author’s methodological approach and his analytical logic or reasoning, along with drawbacks of the work, are discussed. Methodologically, the hermeneutic approach of Sufism Islam, lack of paying attention to the geographic extension of Tasawwuf and the variety of Sufism movements, lack of genealogical and critical attitude to the origins of Sufism thoughts, and taking the Tasawwuf as a kind of Islamic religion (Sufism Islam) are the most notable criticized issues.
political science
Seyed Ebrahim Sarparast Sadat
Volume 17, Issue 8 , January 2018, , Pages 193-217
Abstract
The political modernity is a book about the secularism and secular values. The author believes that current problems of society have roots in dedifferentiation between public and private sphere state and civil society and individuals and citizens. This book is based on the liberal and secular ideals ...
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The political modernity is a book about the secularism and secular values. The author believes that current problems of society have roots in dedifferentiation between public and private sphere state and civil society and individuals and citizens. This book is based on the liberal and secular ideals and justifies the issues of secularism. However, Maurice Barbier assumes the west experience the ultimate experience of noble nations and suggests that surrendering such separations is destiny of all societies. He advises the countries deprived of political modernity not to have ambitious leaps and try to use treasure of their ancestors’ accumulated experiences and move forward gradually. Considering their model as a perfect one, Western countries made some problems for other communities. For instance, if Islamic societies prefer Islamic rules as a model for their problem solving and future perspective, secularism will not turn to a problem requiring to be dealt with. Rethinking and investigating weaknesses and strengths of content and structures of this book, it was revealed that the author of the book turns from sophisticated problem solving to problem making and unjustifiable pieces of advices.
Management and Policy Making
Farzad Ziviar; Abolfazli Farahani; Loghman Keshavarz
Volume 17, Issue 6 , November 2017, , Pages 179-201
Abstract
It is documented that environmental subjects of organizations need innovational solutions to solve their problems. Undoubtedly, creativity and innovations which means organizational entrepreneurship are most important keys in this way.Organizational entrepreneurship means developing capabilities and ...
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It is documented that environmental subjects of organizations need innovational solutions to solve their problems. Undoubtedly, creativity and innovations which means organizational entrepreneurship are most important keys in this way.Organizational entrepreneurship means developing capabilities and opportunities inside an organization through combining new resources. So, new organizations consider organizational entrepreneurship as a key element which boosts competitive advantages in organization. This paper aims to criticize and identify the organizational entrepreneurship’s barriers in Ministry of Sport & Youth. To this end, this paper considers a comprehensive review literature with a focus on Schupeter, Frai, Vesper et al.’s point of views. Thirty components in 3 dimensions of structural, behavioral, and contextual were considered in this paper, including 66 obstacles in order to criticize in Ministry of Sport and Youth.It is suggested that managers and researchers in Ministry of Sport andYouth evaluate and implement the aforementioned components and obstacles.
Philosophy
Zohreh Saeidi
Volume 17, Issue 5 , October 2017, , Pages 71-85
Abstract
Philosophy of Eshraq is represented as new and illustrative thought in the history of Islamic philosophy. Studying Islamic philosophy is not completed without studying Philosophy of Eshraq. The book describes and analyzes wisdom of Eshraq as illuminating fundamental principles of the Eshraq Philosophy. ...
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Philosophy of Eshraq is represented as new and illustrative thought in the history of Islamic philosophy. Studying Islamic philosophy is not completed without studying Philosophy of Eshraq. The book describes and analyzes wisdom of Eshraq as illuminating fundamental principles of the Eshraq Philosophy. The current book describes and analyzes Philosophy of Eshraq concentrating on “Hikmat al – Eshraq” book. For this purpose, the author has offered judgments of Sheikh Eshraq about subjects of the philosophy that are considered as Sheikh Eshraq replies to Masha, and he has analyzed them. In this article, we introduce the book and indicate backgrounds of such books and analyze its content and formal dimensions. In order to do provide the assessment and critique, we indicate negative and positive aspects and suggest some recommendations to improve the book in the subsequent editions.
Economy
Seyedhossein Mirjalili
Volume 17, Issue 3 , September 2017, , Pages 113-133
Abstract
The text explains six main intellectual frameworks in the economic theories of development based on Cohen's paradigm. Since the publication of Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962, researchers in the natural sciences and then social sciences, particularly economic researchers tried ...
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The text explains six main intellectual frameworks in the economic theories of development based on Cohen's paradigm. Since the publication of Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962, researchers in the natural sciences and then social sciences, particularly economic researchers tried to apply paradigmatic analysis in a variety of disciplines including development. Hunt’s book is a good example of such works. Modernization, structuralism, Neo-Marxism, Maoism, basic needs, and Neoclassical Economics as competing paradigms have been discussed in this work. The author explains dependency theory, but he does not recognize it as a paradigm. In this paper, the author’s definition of paradigm has been criticized. Another critique to the text is incommensurability of paradigms that constitute the book's approach.Economic methodologists, who viewed economics from the perspective of Cohen’s scientific revolution, have recognized Keynesian economics as a true paradigm shift in economics, and development economists recognized the shift from modernization to dependency theory as a true paradigm shift in development. Finally, institutionalist approach to economic development was neglected and has not been discussed in the text.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
Reza Pishghadam; Atena Attaran
Volume 16, Issue 41 , January 2017, , Pages 83-97
Abstract
One of the major sources of psychology in the field of teaching English as foreign language in Iranian universities is a book named The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition written by Zoltan Dornyei. The book was first published in 2005 and ...
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One of the major sources of psychology in the field of teaching English as foreign language in Iranian universities is a book named The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition written by Zoltan Dornyei. The book was first published in 2005 and was later revised in 2015 and published by Routledge. This study thus aims to analyze this book critically due to the importance of psychological issues in teaching English as foreign language. The findings suggested that although Dornyei established a coherent framework for his book, he ignored the socio-cultural effects of society on learners’ psychological aspects. Additionally, they were some concepts, including emotional intelligence, which were left untouched in his book. Finally, the philosophical aspects of concepts being discussed within the book were not addressed or even challenged. Generally speaking, the books limited itself to western studies ignored, the social and cultural elements, and avoided challenging the concepts which can limit readers’ understanding.
Educational Science
Ahad Naveedy
Volume 15, Issue 37 , November 2015, , Pages 167-180
Abstract
This article criticizes the Book of Motivation in Learning and Teaching. The framework for the evaluation of "council for review of literature and humanities books" were used. The results of evaluation evident the book has no preface and most chapters have no introduction, summary, exercises, tests, ...
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This article criticizes the Book of Motivation in Learning and Teaching. The framework for the evaluation of "council for review of literature and humanities books" were used. The results of evaluation evident the book has no preface and most chapters have no introduction, summary, exercises, tests, pictures and final conclusion. The technical quality does not comply with the standards. Pictures, diagrams and tables are not of sufficient clarity. General rules of writing has not been completely observance. There are many Printing errors. Literary editing the book is too weak. Titles of some chapters conceptually is not correct. Use of awkward words and confusing concepts made text influent, unexpressive and difficult to understand. Translation of concepts is not appropriate. Reference methods are not the same everywhere. APA style is is not the same everywhere. Organization of the content is not appropriate. Entries within each chapter has not enough cohesion. Beginning up, rising and setting of arguments is not appropriate. Lack of scientific accuracy in determining the titles and subheads, application of concepts, arguments, explanations and conclusions of the discussions can be seen in most parts of the book. Innovation or offering new perspectives is not observed. The contents of the book is indigenous flavor and the authors did not attempt to link the issues and topics of national culture and canvas.
Philosophy
M.T. Tabatabaei; Shaho Rahmani
Volume 14, Issue 31 , October 2014, , Pages 105-119
Abstract
According to the enormous number of philosophical translations into Persian we see nowadays, it is completely required to rethink the primarily requirement, a translator should have to translate a philosophical text, specially, when it comes to the translation of classical texts. Fulfilling this task, ...
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According to the enormous number of philosophical translations into Persian we see nowadays, it is completely required to rethink the primarily requirement, a translator should have to translate a philosophical text, specially, when it comes to the translation of classical texts. Fulfilling this task, we have considered the translation of Gilles Deleuze’s Nietzsche and Philosophy by Leyla Kuchakmanesh as an instance to see the advantages and deficiencies it has comparing to the general remarks we already had in the introduction of the paper. As an overall evaluation, it could be said that the translation lacks many of general criteria a well translated classical text of philosophy must have. Finally, it should be noticed that the Persian translation is a translation of the English translation of the original French text made by Hugh Tomlinson.
Archaeology
Behrouz Afkhami
Abstract
Today in the world, Museums have external and internal roles in development. Museums are considered as effective institutions for international collaboration and cooperation, and they play an important role within a country in the development of education, creative skills, and cultural self-confidence. ...
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Today in the world, Museums have external and internal roles in development. Museums are considered as effective institutions for international collaboration and cooperation, and they play an important role within a country in the development of education, creative skills, and cultural self-confidence. Global experiences show that museums have been effective instruments in promoting cultural knowledge in community, based on cultural heritage. They have been effective in cultural entrepreneurship as well. Museum studies and museum curatorship knowledge are considered as the basic and specialized education in the teaching of cultural heritage. Despite the importance of the museum and the great potential of the museum in Iran, this country is faced with poor professional, conceptual, and operational framework of the museum knowledge. Publication of the book entitled "Museum Studies” has partly filled this gap and created an opportunity for those interested in this field of study. Although the book has scientifical and content-based criticisms,it is regarded as one of the pioneers in the field of museum studies, so it is worthwhile and valuable. In this paper, the present book is mainly reviewed and criticized, along with some an. The authors of the book can apply the suggestions if they find them useful.
