Management and Policy Making
Ali Aqa Safari; Abdullah Tavakoli
Abstract
Contingency management claims that there is nothing as the best universal principle in management. Considering the outcomes of the contingency approach, its epistemology must be analyzed from the perspective of the Quran using the interrogative/ cross-examination [istintaqi] method to express the propositions ...
Read More
Contingency management claims that there is nothing as the best universal principle in management. Considering the outcomes of the contingency approach, its epistemology must be analyzed from the perspective of the Quran using the interrogative/ cross-examination [istintaqi] method to express the propositions of the revelatory word in rejecting, confirming, correcting, and completing the epistemology of contingency management as we can eliminate its epistemological shortcomings relying on them. The research findings indicate that epistemology in contingency management is based on objective and sensory knowledge and ignores supernatural causes and factors in explaining natural propositions. The Quran, while pointing to the shortcomings of contingency management, considers the subject of knowing God, human-being, nature, and understanding how they are interdependent, and emphasizes that human-being and the environment affect and influence each other visibly and invisibly, and the,refore human-being must take his/her advantage using networking tools by combining a horizontal view of the relationship between phenomena and a vertical and longitudinal view and their relationship with their creator. The results indicate that the Quran, in addition to reason and empirical findings, emphasizes that the best methods that lead to greater efficiency cannot be presented without revelation.
Art
Ali Khorashadi; Dariush Esmaeili
Abstract
Realism is a powerful materialization of art that appeared in 19th century in literature and painting and is still ongoing. A realism artist creates logic and relations in a work of art that comes from new sciences and social relations related to modern society. Meanwhile, Cinema as modern era art has ...
Read More
Realism is a powerful materialization of art that appeared in 19th century in literature and painting and is still ongoing. A realism artist creates logic and relations in a work of art that comes from new sciences and social relations related to modern society. Meanwhile, Cinema as modern era art has close connections with realism for image recording and we know that from the earliest films of Lumiere brothers. with the addition of sound and color to basic silent movies, this relation continued and from mid 20th-century attitudes for social realism were increased which was reflected in works of Iitalian Neorealists and “Andre Bazin” theories. This article is a survey of the book An Approach to Realism, Cinema and the Expression of Religious Concepts that was written by Vahid Hayati that surveyed the capacities of cinema realism to express religious concepts and it is about distinguishing the common realism that reaches its climax at Neorealism movement, and a form of realism that is common to express religious concepts. In this article, Hayati’s opinions about the religious realism concept were shown. He believes this manifested in the works of Majid Majidi and especially “Children of Heaven”. It criticized his point of view about similarities between realism in Islamic and religious concepts and cinematic concept and differences based on epistemology.
Management and Policy Making
Abdul Momen Hakimi; Ali Asghar Shoaei
Abstract
Epistemology is a scale and measurement criterion. In the knowledge of quality management, organizational phenomena are measured by science and the position of science itself is measured by epistemology. Epistemology is the center of analysis of many management processes that without proper knowledge, ...
Read More
Epistemology is a scale and measurement criterion. In the knowledge of quality management, organizational phenomena are measured by science and the position of science itself is measured by epistemology. Epistemology is the center of analysis of many management processes that without proper knowledge, organizations may face serious challenges in dealing with people in the organization. The epistemological critique of the mentioned theory has been done by applying the qualitative method of interrogative thematic interpretation of the Qur'an. The epistemological critique of the mentioned theory has been done by applying the qualitative method of interrogative thematic interpretation of the Qur'an. The research findings show that the Qur'an does not consider reliance on reason and human findings alone to be sufficient for cognition and experience, sense and induction as preliminary steps for complete and reliable cognition based on heart faith, rational and narrative arguments. (Quran and Sunnah) which has a realistic nature with two vertical (with the Creator) and horizontal views (Jawarahi and Javanhi behaviors of the creature and the whole universe). According to the Qur'an, cognitive tools are not only inductive, such as observation and experimentation based on human behavior; but also, its sources have a wide range such as revelation, intellect, heart, sense and the whole universe, which has unlimited validity and has a different view of the mentioned school.
Methodology
Maryam Poostforush; Mostafa Taqavi
Abstract
Different narratives have been offered so far of the nature of science and scientific activity. Roy Bhaskar as one of the leading critical realists seeks to set the ground for a Copernican Revolution in the philosophy of science which seems to have been handled well by him. To this end, he proceeds ...
Read More
Different narratives have been offered so far of the nature of science and scientific activity. Roy Bhaskar as one of the leading critical realists seeks to set the ground for a Copernican Revolution in the philosophy of science which seems to have been handled well by him. To this end, he proceeds to highlight the ontological debates and at the same time pays attention to the social nature of science. In A Realist Theory of Science, which contains original and powerful arguments in the philosophy of science, not only does he raise criticisms against some philosophical schools and explains his own theory of science, rather he does also broach significant categories in the philosophy of science. His remarks with their philosophical basis can inspire the scholar who studies Bhaskar’s philosophy. Among the most important ones of these categories, one can refer to the mutuality of ontological realism and epistemological relativism as well as his criticism of Tarsky’s theory of truth. This essay aims at reviewing Bhaskar’s key work in the philosophy of natural sciences and identification of its points of weakness and strength using a descriptive ـ analytic method. This is undertaken through a detailed review of the whole book in view of its formal, qualitative, and content dimensions. The essay is concluded by a number of practical suggestions.
Philosophy
Mahdi Ashoori
Abstract
The four courses of “Epistemology”, “Introduction to Islamic Philosophy”, “Psychology from the perspective of Muslim thinkers”, and "Philosophy of Science in Psychology" in the undergraduate program of psychology are dedicated to philosophical topics. By selecting ...
Read More
The four courses of “Epistemology”, “Introduction to Islamic Philosophy”, “Psychology from the perspective of Muslim thinkers”, and "Philosophy of Science in Psychology" in the undergraduate program of psychology are dedicated to philosophical topics. By selecting the appropriate topics for students and observing the correct order, the efficiency of these topics should be increased. In this paper, after reviewing the status and reasons for learning philosophical topics in the psychology curriculum, the approved topics of these four review courses and the suggested topics and sources are presented. In this study, several points have been seriously considered: (1) the audience is a student of psychology, not a student of philosophy, (2) in each course, there are several main approaches, which should be selected as an appropriate approach to psychology students, (3) other courses related to these topics should be considered in the psychology curriculum, (4) the order of presentation of the courses needs to be reviewed, (5) the topics should be selected according to the number of hours, and (6) despite the publication of new works, There is still work to be done to compile and publish appropriate textbooks for psychology students.
Information Science and Epistemology
Gholamreza Fadaie
Abstract
The book entitled “Scientometrics Epistemology” has been published in Medium octavo format with 6 chapters and 240 pages. It includes the list of contents, figures, and references, with no index. In this article, the above-mentioned book is criticized, and the critic, while explaining ...
Read More
The book entitled “Scientometrics Epistemology” has been published in Medium octavo format with 6 chapters and 240 pages. It includes the list of contents, figures, and references, with no index. In this article, the above-mentioned book is criticized, and the critic, while explaining the position of scientometrics, states that scientometrics is originally related to counting, measuring, and representation, and the discussion of creating or relating epistemology to it is not sufficiently justified. The book has been written based on the library method. Scientometrics is actually a technique and method that serve evaluation, which is, in turn, related to management. Naturally, every human being and then research and educational organizations have tried to expand scientometrics and created indicators to compare scientific products based on quantity in order to determine their degree of importance, which is not unrelated to economic and managerial issues.
Methodology
Mahdi Hoseinzade Yazdi; Mohsen Mollabashi
Abstract
Patrick Baert believes that although there are many capabilities in the field of philosophy of social sciences, pragmatism has not come to its proper place yet due to lack of enough attention on behalf of philosophers. He believes that pragmatism can be used properly in this field, and new prospects ...
Read More
Patrick Baert believes that although there are many capabilities in the field of philosophy of social sciences, pragmatism has not come to its proper place yet due to lack of enough attention on behalf of philosophers. He believes that pragmatism can be used properly in this field, and new prospects in social sciences may be discovered by its assistance. In his Philosophy of the Social Sciences: Towards Pragmatism and due to his criticisms on social sciences and philosophy of social sciences, Baert claims that one of his purposes in the book is to develop a new approach in philosophy of social sciences employing pragmatism. This article is going to explore his claim; before discussing the content, it has scanned all the chapters and analyzed Persian structure and translation of the book. At last and through content review and scrutiny of author’s claim it is concluded the book achievement is far from author’s assertion and his suggestions have no meaningful difference with expressions of hermeneutics, interpreters, instrumentalists, and followers of critical school and Baert have innovated nothing new and commenced no novel path for social sciences.
political science
Nowruz Hashemzehi
Abstract
The present paper analyzes and criticizes the collection of articles on the “Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A pluralist Perspective” edited by Donatella Dellaporta and Michael Keating and translated by Mohammad Jafar Javidi and Majid Farham. The author’s ...
Read More
The present paper analyzes and criticizes the collection of articles on the “Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences: A pluralist Perspective” edited by Donatella Dellaporta and Michael Keating and translated by Mohammad Jafar Javidi and Majid Farham. The author’s goal of writing this collection of articles is to facilitate interaction and communication between researchers and overcome existing stereotypes by recognizing the plurality of current approaches in the field of social sciences, and the purpose of this article is to facilitate the achievement of the same goals. There are 15 articles in the critique resulting from the teaching experience of a group of researchers at the European university institutes. These articles provide more familiarity to the audience than the theoretical conceptual and applied qualitative and compilation research. The authors of the hundreds of old and new sources have described documented and updated a number of ways. The topic of this paper can be used by professors and students in social sciences politics, international relations, and regional studies in methodological courses and research methods. These articles identify common points and complement the approaches discussed and combined them together. Assisting aristocrats on ontology and various methodologies, and conducting research projects are some of the outcomes of this critique.
Sociology
farhang ershad
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 15-40
Abstract
Mannheim’s purpose in writing Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge was indeed to project the basic principles of sociology of knowledge. The fundamental question for him was about the problem of “how men think”. In his book, he argues the way ...
Read More
Mannheim’s purpose in writing Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge was indeed to project the basic principles of sociology of knowledge. The fundamental question for him was about the problem of “how men think”. In his book, he argues the way of thinking by people, especially the intellectuals, in a socio-historical context within which the thoughts take place. So, his book has been the product of the critical historical duration, especially in the agitating time of Hungary and Germany during the years between the two world Wars and the time of Fascism power in Europe. He attempts to find the way of thinking and cognition, but he cannot emancipate from the conditions of thinking crisis in that time. However, he migrates from his home to Germany, and then to Britain under such unfavorable circumstances. Some readers emphasize that this Mannheim’s book is a philosophical work, while he believes that he has attempted to introduce the principles of thinking and knowledge and with his attention to the relation between thought and the socio-historical conditions (as relationism in Mannheim word), he feels that he is keeping distance from philosophy.
Philosophy
said binayemotlagh
Abstract
Heraclitus of Ephesus (480-550 B. C.) has been called the Obscure Philosopher since long time ago. At first, it was Timone of Philionte, the satirist of the 3rd century B. C., who called the expression style of Heraclitus enigmatique. The name of the style, then, was given to the author, himself. At ...
Read More
Heraclitus of Ephesus (480-550 B. C.) has been called the Obscure Philosopher since long time ago. At first, it was Timone of Philionte, the satirist of the 3rd century B. C., who called the expression style of Heraclitus enigmatique. The name of the style, then, was given to the author, himself. At last, Heraclitus was known as the Obscure Philosopher. So, the title of the book has had an ancient history. Regarding the Pre-Socratics, we do not have any sources available except the Early Greek Philosophy by Sharaf (Sharafeddin Khorasani), and the Cosmology of Heraclitus of Ephesus: Texts and Some Remaining Translations by Mehdi Kohandani. Therefore, the Obscure Philosopher is appreciated. The book is written by Dariyush Darvishi Published by Nashre Porsesh in 2012. It is a research on the ideas of the Heraclitus, the pre-Socratic philosopher, and it is a translation of his words into Persian. Here, we consider the discussions of the book, and only we point out to some notes on the ideologies of Heraclitus and the author’s review on them. It is concluded that this book has a duplicate advantage for the Persian readers; first, it is the compilation of the present popular translations such as the Persian translations from the Heraclitus words with their Greek original texts; second, it is the studying of the fundamental bases of his ideas.
Philosophy
Mostafa Shahraini; baian karimi
Abstract
In this article, the book titled Jewish Themes in Spinoza’s Philosophy is introduced, studied, and criticized. State University of New York Press published this book under the title of Jewish Themes in Spinoza’s Philosophy with the edition of two prominent experts in Spinoza and Jewish studies: ...
Read More
In this article, the book titled Jewish Themes in Spinoza’s Philosophy is introduced, studied, and criticized. State University of New York Press published this book under the title of Jewish Themes in Spinoza’s Philosophy with the edition of two prominent experts in Spinoza and Jewish studies: Heidi Ravven and Lenn Goodman in 2002. Many outstanding critics believe that this book is the first serious attempt to understand Spinoza’s thought and to show its place in the history of Jewish philosophy. In this book, the custom tradition of similar books on this subject is not observed, and for the first time, the important issues of Spinoza’s philosophy and its Jewish themes have been examined. The aim of this book was to introduce Spinoza as a Jewish philosopher. However, the chief editors did not succeed to choose the unified articles whether regarding the subject or the technical content. The lack of a chapter as conclusion is indicating to some extent that these articles do not reach to a unified agreement on relating Spinoza to Judaism.
Philosophy
Ghasem Pourhassan; Afsaneh Pandjoo
Volume 17, Issue 5 , October 2017, , Pages 49-70
Abstract
The deontological epistemic approach was a reaction to the foundationalism approach that advocated the existence of basic or self-justified beliefs. Descartes, skeptical of any kind of knowledge, provided the first foundations for such an approach. John Locke and W. K. Clifford expanded it with two different ...
Read More
The deontological epistemic approach was a reaction to the foundationalism approach that advocated the existence of basic or self-justified beliefs. Descartes, skeptical of any kind of knowledge, provided the first foundations for such an approach. John Locke and W. K. Clifford expanded it with two different perspectives. Locke, in "The Reasonableness of Christianity" and "Human Understanding" and Clifford in "The Ethic of Belief" attempted to form extreme reasoning approach while criticizing foundationalism and emphasizing the existence of reason for any belief. This view provided a new basis for the acceptance of belief, which emphasized both reasoning and the ethical aspect of accepting the belief. Clifford in the treatise of "The Ethic of Beliefs", by telling two specific stories, while criticizing and praising current epistemology, seeks to show that the importance of ethical consequences of epistemic belief is more than merely justification. His major point of reliance in this path is the link between ethics and epistemology. In his treatise, he criticized the religious rightness beliefs of Muslims and, after Locke, specifically addressed the theory of authority. Clifford's method will face many challenges in emphasizing mere reason of maximum extreme type, and rejection of the particular state of faith.
Methodology
Abdolah Mohammadi
Volume 17, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 95-114
Abstract
Criticism of "The Relation between Science and Religion in the West" The relation between science and religion is one of the most controversial topics in contemporary ages. Several books and articles are published in Persian and other ...
Read More
Criticism of "The Relation between Science and Religion in the West" The relation between science and religion is one of the most controversial topics in contemporary ages. Several books and articles are published in Persian and other languages. "The Relation between Science and Religion in the West", written by Mohammad Rezaey Esfahany, is one of them. This book is written for students, but it is not a textbook.Simple literature, small volume of book pages and user-friendly phrases are some of the privileges of this book. However, inconsistency of volumes of chapters and no connection between main titles and subcategories decreased the coherence of book. The title of book does not correspond to its content. The content of this book does not show all kinds of relations between science and religion. If focuses only on the conflict between them and on social and psychological aspects of them and spoke about causes of church opposition with Galileo.The author used Popper and Kant's principles to solve this conflict, and this usage threatens the value of religious proposition from other aspects.
Persian Language and Literature
Mahmoud Fazilat
Volume 13, Issue 26 , April 2013, , Pages 33-56
Abstract
Paradox is not only a literary rhetorical device or a poetic image, but also a logical, philosophical and cosmological concept. It had been neglected in the rhetorical and literary works of the past due to its being regarded the same as other literary devices such as metaphor. Persian poets, especially ...
Read More
Paradox is not only a literary rhetorical device or a poetic image, but also a logical, philosophical and cosmological concept. It had been neglected in the rhetorical and literary works of the past due to its being regarded the same as other literary devices such as metaphor. Persian poets, especially in mystical literature and modern poetry, have used the richest paradoxical ideas in their poems. In the light of such paradoxical phrases, their poetic language has gained a permanent effect and novelty. Using paradox, the poet reconciles between contradictory and incongruent matters, and creates the impossible which is the most beautiful and wonderful image of imagination. Paradoxical ideas were obviously manifested in Sanai’s mystical poems. Therefore, the oldest examples of paradoxical ideas can be found in his works. In the present paper, the issue of paradox in Sanai’s works is studied.
