History
Esmaeil Sangari
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 171-185
Abstract
In the studies related to Ancient Iran, the lack of data including classical historians’ texts, parchments, inscriptions, as well as thearcheological and literary evidence documents make the historians face problems in analyzing precisely. Translation of a classical work related to a special period ...
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In the studies related to Ancient Iran, the lack of data including classical historians’ texts, parchments, inscriptions, as well as thearcheological and literary evidence documents make the historians face problems in analyzing precisely. Translation of a classical work related to a special period has an importance that the historical data will be interpreted in other ways. Thus, it is clear that translation of classical Greek and Latin works have double importance. In addition to a complete focus on the historical period of the text, it is worthwhile to see that the translator tries to be completely loyal to the text with a full knowledge of author’s style. In this research, it aims to give the ways in order to prevent translator and researcher’s mistakes by comparative studies of two ancient historians from ancient Greece and Rome, Herodotus Halicarnassus and Plutarchus Chaeronea.
History
Ali-Akbar Abbasi
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 187-208
Abstract
This article aimed to investigate Vedad-al-Ghazi's views, the author of the book entitled as "Kissaniah Sect". This study was based on descriptive-analytic approach and was documented upon the references. Since Vedad-al-Ghazi was proficient in Arabs literature, he could successfully exploit traditional ...
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This article aimed to investigate Vedad-al-Ghazi's views, the author of the book entitled as "Kissaniah Sect". This study was based on descriptive-analytic approach and was documented upon the references. Since Vedad-al-Ghazi was proficient in Arabs literature, he could successfully exploit traditional Arabic references and hand-written documents about Kissaniah Sect. He has used Kissaniah's poems and the opposite views to analyze dark points of Kissaniah's history and has gained important creativities in this regard. To investigate the ambiguous points related to Kissaniah, he has proposed some speculations which are not in accordance with history. He has mentioned that Abdellahibn Saba was a real person, contrary to the doubts about his historical existence. He has also argued many Sabiah's activities. He has not investigated Ali's (PBUH) statements about his son, Mohammad. Furthermore, he has assigned many activities done by Ghaliah to Mokhtar himself. Vedad-al-Ghazi has ignored to investigate holy Quran verses and Prophet Mohammad's statements to describe the concepts of Rajath and Al-gayba.
History
Yazdan Farrokhi
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 209-229
Abstract
The aim of this article is to critically review “The Ghaznavid and Seljuq Turks: Poetry as a Source for Iranian History”. Using Farrokhi and Mo῾zziʼs poem as the historical source for Ghaznavid and Seljuq period is the fundamental aim of this book and its advantage beside the historiography ...
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The aim of this article is to critically review “The Ghaznavid and Seljuq Turks: Poetry as a Source for Iranian History”. Using Farrokhi and Mo῾zziʼs poem as the historical source for Ghaznavid and Seljuq period is the fundamental aim of this book and its advantage beside the historiography source. So, the present article tries to answer such questions: How much the writer of this book succeeds to cover that aim? And, to what extent has it applied the scientific methods properly?Through a critical lens and analytical view, it will prove that this valuable study covers its objective, but it neglects methodological points, and writing instruments; besides, some references and argumentations in few parts of this book are under the question.
History
Behzad Karimi
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 231-252
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to analyze and criticize the ideological ideas of the historiography of Shah Isma'il I Safavid in the book of Iran in the Safavid Era by Ali Akbar Velayati. This book is organized in 656 pages, in one introduction and five chapters, with the aim of examining ...
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The main purpose of this article is to analyze and criticize the ideological ideas of the historiography of Shah Isma'il I Safavid in the book of Iran in the Safavid Era by Ali Akbar Velayati. This book is organized in 656 pages, in one introduction and five chapters, with the aim of examining Iranian history during the Safavid Era. Before attempting to enter the main part of the article, the author has tried to draw up a record of the use of ideological approaches in the history of the Safavid Era. In this way, there are two general and ideological critical and formal approaches that can be explicitly taken from political or religious ideas behind both. From the author's point of view, the history of Iran in the Safavid Era is based on works that can be considered as ideological official works. Given the importance of the Safavid history in two types of critical and official ideological historiography, the author has tried to identify and extract the official ideological agenda in the book, focusing on the period of Shah Isma'il I. In this way, the author, while criticizing the sources of study data, has tried to classify events that have undergone ideological readings based on first-hand resources and then analyze according to the identified agenda.
History
Alireza Mollaiy Tavany
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 253-270
Abstract
The book ‘Nixon, Kissinger and Shah: Relation between Iran and the U.S.A in Cold War’ is a very marketable book in Iran’s market. There are very important claims about the nature of Iran’s relations with the U.S.A. The main claim is this question whether Shah acted independently ...
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The book ‘Nixon, Kissinger and Shah: Relation between Iran and the U.S.A in Cold War’ is a very marketable book in Iran’s market. There are very important claims about the nature of Iran’s relations with the U.S.A. The main claim is this question whether Shah acted independently toward west in the political area. Did Shah alter relations of ruler – obedience in Nixon’s period and oblige U.S.A to follow Iran’s regional politics? Studying about the importance of this claim and its critique of that are the main purposes of this article. This article concludes several phases of relation between Iran and the U.S.A in decades 1950 until 1970. Shah used international’s opportunity that altered nature of Iran’s relation with the U.S.A in several phases and played different roles. But, these operations did not alter the nature of the relations between Iran and the U.S.A. because when this relation altered the context and international’s opportunities, the relations between Iran and the U.S.A would come back the to ruler – obedience.
History
Farshid Naderi
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 271-290
Abstract
Józef Wolski’s works on the Arsacid history and culture have led to a new approach which has shed new light on the unknown and ambiguous aspects of the Arsacid Empire. For him, the first step in reconstructing the picture of Arsacid period in the framework of the Ancient Persian history ...
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Józef Wolski’s works on the Arsacid history and culture have led to a new approach which has shed new light on the unknown and ambiguous aspects of the Arsacid Empire. For him, the first step in reconstructing the picture of Arsacid period in the framework of the Ancient Persian history is reexamining and revising the ideas long held by historians of this period. The method implemented is to extract Wolski’s basic vision and approach out of his key writings. To this end, many of his most important papers were translated or summarized. Among the most important achievements of this study in introducing his works is that the Persian domestic sources gained prominence and were changed into canonical works. To do so, a systematic criticism of Greek and Roman sources related to the Arsacid Empire was done. Moreover, the most fundamental strategy of the author under discussion was to find the ideological links between Arsacid and Achaemenid traditions. To unravel these links, he brings forth the hypothesis concerning Arsacid Iranism. Although not fully successful, his ideas were instrumental in modifying the negative opinions towards the empire.
History
Shahram Yousefifar; Ahmad Abohamzeh; Behrang Zolfaghari; Amir Samadi Ahangar; Zahra Ghashghaei Nejad; said najjar
Volume 18, Issue 10 , February 2019, , Pages 291-324
Abstract
This article focuses on the critique of the book "The Crafters and Their Business Life in the Safavid Period: Essays in the Socio-Economic History of Iran" by Mahdi Kavani. This work was considered as the first independent book on the subject. The author influenced the views of the nineteenth-century ...
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This article focuses on the critique of the book "The Crafters and Their Business Life in the Safavid Period: Essays in the Socio-Economic History of Iran" by Mahdi Kavani. This work was considered as the first independent book on the subject. The author influenced the views of the nineteenth-century thinkers of Western Europe, exploring some of the social developments in this age and trying to prove that the Safavid government was preventing the formation of powerful independent autonomous merchants, and consequently, the economic dynamism of this period. This work is organized in six sections and 31 sub-sections. After the first part, which includes the general introduction of the work, the section examines and analyzes the dimension of the effect and then introduces the author and translator. But, the most important part of this review is the background of the research on guilds in Iran and beyond, and analyzing the effect of the content. The latter section is presented in two parts: introspection and outsourcing critique.This critique is the first output of the "Review of the Impact of the Research on Social History" which has been reorganized in the framework of the Council for the Study of Texts and Humanities Books.
History
Hasan Amini
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 1-21
Abstract
The present article addresses the scientific content and structure of the book History and Philosophy of Mathematics, which is a compilation and academic book published by Payam Noor University Press. The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology contains two optional 3 unit courses on the history ...
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The present article addresses the scientific content and structure of the book History and Philosophy of Mathematics, which is a compilation and academic book published by Payam Noor University Press. The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology contains two optional 3 unit courses on the history of mathematics and the philosophy of science in its approved curriculum and provides headings for them; however, no specific textbook was proposed in this curriculum for the two courses. In the present article, while making the necessary references, we indicated that this book is in fact a translation of the three other recourses and that its authors played no role in producing the content of the book, as one of the book chapters is exactly copied from Persian Wikipedia; moreover, even the translations contain mistakes and numerous scientific errors.
History
Rohullah Bahrami
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 23-43
Abstract
“The Islam of Sufis” is the title of a book authored by the Tunisian writer, Mohammad Tayeb, on the Tasawwuf and Irfan. Our purpose is not only to introduce and scrutinize the book but also to revise and criticize its contents. Therefore, characteristics such as general structure, ...
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“The Islam of Sufis” is the title of a book authored by the Tunisian writer, Mohammad Tayeb, on the Tasawwuf and Irfan. Our purpose is not only to introduce and scrutinize the book but also to revise and criticize its contents. Therefore, characteristics such as general structure, outline, adjustment, publication, introductory aims and theoretical themes, discussions, conclusions, and cited references are addressed. Moreover, the author’s methodological approach and his analytical logic or reasoning, along with drawbacks of the work, are discussed. Methodologically, the hermeneutic approach of Sufism Islam, lack of paying attention to the geographic extension of Tasawwuf and the variety of Sufism movements, lack of genealogical and critical attitude to the origins of Sufism thoughts, and taking the Tasawwuf as a kind of Islamic religion (Sufism Islam) are the most notable criticized issues.
History
Hossein Pendar
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 45-67
Abstract
The book "Europe since Napoleon" is a thorough book regarding liberal European history (not European liberal history) written by David Thomson, an English liberal-political philosopher, whose negligence of a significant point challenges his historical attitude on European history despite his insistence ...
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The book "Europe since Napoleon" is a thorough book regarding liberal European history (not European liberal history) written by David Thomson, an English liberal-political philosopher, whose negligence of a significant point challenges his historical attitude on European history despite his insistence on a liberalist stance in explaining, criticizing and reviewing an integrated history of Europe, which takes its historical heritage from unifying elements. Thomson believes that understanding modern "European history" is only possible through studying the pervasive forces that have been influential on its formation from Britain to the Balkans over time. Therefore, he emphasizes a broad range of factors such as population growth, industrialization, overseas development, democracy, socialism and nationalism, and the war-revolution relationships. Thomson investigates these factors, not country by country, but step by step in the spirit of Europe whole, until its civilization and culture formation over the last two centuries. However, scrutinizing the above statement indicates Thomson's negligence of the set of factors that pave the way for a modern Europe.
History
Jahanbakhsh Savagheb
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 69-100
Abstract
Compiling textbooks and supplementary textbooks, enjoying the educational, scholastic, and research standards, is essential for university courses. In recent years, several organizations and institutes such as the Center for Studying and Compiling University Books in Humanities (SAMT), the ...
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Compiling textbooks and supplementary textbooks, enjoying the educational, scholastic, and research standards, is essential for university courses. In recent years, several organizations and institutes such as the Center for Studying and Compiling University Books in Humanities (SAMT), the Research Center for Humanities and Cultural Studies, the Research Center of Seminary and University, Payam Noor University, among others, are active in publishing such books. Under the auspices of such centers, many history books have been compiled by researchers and teachers of history, and some of these books have been assigned as textbooks for universities. What is lacking is a series of books reviewing such textbooks so that they may increase in richness. Reviews can serve as guides for future writers since they show the strengths as well as the shortcomings of university books. The present work is a review of a book recently published under the title of The Knowledge and Criticism of the History of Iran after Islam. The book has been assigned as a textbook for students of history. Results of the present review show that although the above-mentioned book is an appropriate textbook, it suffers from some shortcomings in terms of both form and content.
History
Sayyed Hossein Hosseini; Rouhollah Shahabi
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 101-126
Abstract
Humanities are a set of disciplines that help us to identify social and cultural dimensions of human. Instruction of these disciplines lead to understanding, evaluation, and critique all of which are performed by humans. In this study, we have tried to report current situation of humanities based ...
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Humanities are a set of disciplines that help us to identify social and cultural dimensions of human. Instruction of these disciplines lead to understanding, evaluation, and critique all of which are performed by humans. In this study, we have tried to report current situation of humanities based on innovation and technological index (instruction axis, promote of knowledge, research to develop of technology, networking and social services). To do so, we used description method and citation studies. To collect data, we used library studies and interview with experts. Also, with use of SWOT method we identify strength, weakness, opportunity and threats of humanities. At the end, based on results of SWOT, we suggested numerous strategies and solutions to promote humanities in Iran. These solutions are divided into 4 categories, including: Correcting weaknesses and intensifying strengths by utilizing the opportunities and removing the threats.
History
Nayereh Dalir
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 127-145
Abstract
The present study aims at reviewing and criticizing the Book "Gender in Ethics Opinion Since the 3rd Century BH to the 4th Century SH", which encompasses a period of 7 centuries in two important periods of Iranian history, i.e. the ancient period and the early centuries of the Islamic period. The author ...
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The present study aims at reviewing and criticizing the Book "Gender in Ethics Opinion Since the 3rd Century BH to the 4th Century SH", which encompasses a period of 7 centuries in two important periods of Iranian history, i.e. the ancient period and the early centuries of the Islamic period. The author intends to explain the opinions, views, legal and jurisprudential issues found in this time period on female gender in the literature of this period as specific ethical opinions and their effects. Thus, he discusses two important points in Iranian history, the turning point of which is the end of the ancient period and the arrival of Islam by providing a broad definition of ethical ideas. It is the findings of the present study regarding the criticism and review of this work, while being problem-centered and raising many questions as its advantage, that deal with some aspects of form and structure criticism, methodological, content, and literary criticism.
History
Seyyed Mohammad Rahim Rabbanizadeh
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 147-159
Abstract
The ministry system is one of the consolidating pillars of every government. Any government with a strong bureaucratic system has a higher stability, and the Abbasid government had a bureaucratic-ministerial system, more evident in the Al-Buyeh and the Seljuks era. In order to explain the role of the ...
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The ministry system is one of the consolidating pillars of every government. Any government with a strong bureaucratic system has a higher stability, and the Abbasid government had a bureaucratic-ministerial system, more evident in the Al-Buyeh and the Seljuks era. In order to explain the role of the Department of Justice, a lot has been written. One of them is the book "The Ministry System in the Abbasid Government (Al-Buyeh and Seljuk era)" written by Zahrani. The present study attempts to critically review the above book with an interpretative and problem-centered approach and the findings suggest that although Zahrani addresses the importance of the ministry system, he also narrates the same information in the style of the earlier ones and that he raises a general model for the research organization based on which he analyzes the whole book, leading to limitations in providing a better analysis, and ultimately he deals with the role of the minister himself as an individual than investigating him in the form of a system.
History
Mohsen Rahmati
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 161-184
Abstract
The present paper reviews the explanatory and interpretive position of the book "An Introduction to the Historical Geography of the Transoxiana (in the Early Islamic Centuries)" in two positive and negative perspectives. Transoxiana, as the easternmost state of the Iranian and Islamic worlds during the ...
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The present paper reviews the explanatory and interpretive position of the book "An Introduction to the Historical Geography of the Transoxiana (in the Early Islamic Centuries)" in two positive and negative perspectives. Transoxiana, as the easternmost state of the Iranian and Islamic worlds during the early Islamic centuries, had undeniable and close cultural, economic, social and political links with other regions of the Muslim world, yet its geographical boundaries and features are not much well known. Introduced as a textbook for history students, the present book marks the beginning of a new flow in Transoxiana research. The positive points of the book include the importance of the subject and the different content processing of the book, but the its drawbacks include ambiguity of the issue, the inconsistency of the title and the content, the lack of use of all the major sources, the lack of scrutiny and the necessary attention in using new research, failure to follow scientific standards in formulating the book, and the existence of content and edition mistakes in the text.
History
Sayyed Abolfazl Razavi
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 185-202
Abstract
The present paper, paying attention to the relation between «history» and «historiography» concepts, aims to review the internal and external features of the book "Persian Historiography to the End of the Twelfth Century" which is authored by Julie Scott Meisami. Meisami studies ...
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The present paper, paying attention to the relation between «history» and «historiography» concepts, aims to review the internal and external features of the book "Persian Historiography to the End of the Twelfth Century" which is authored by Julie Scott Meisami. Meisami studies and interprets historiographical insights of historians of the Samanid and Ghaznavid and Seljuks era from her point of view, and subject which has been elaborated by her in process of evaluation of Persian historiography. But, the point is that how much this researcher of history and literature arena could perceive the historiographical discourse of Iran in middle age, and her book came up with new horizon in historiography arena. Meisami's book has been criticized with positive and negative approaches together and from all aspects follows dynamic of history science. Thus, besides introducing the book’s subjects and expressing the surveying position, the purpose is to criticize its subjects. The problem is to see whether Meisami has methodical approaches in drafting and surveying, and if the answer is positive, how much she was committed to methodological and epistemological bases.
History
Mohsen Ranjbar
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 203-220
Abstract
The view of Imam Hossein's "Uprising for Establishing a Government" discussed in the book of Shahid Javid is one of the views expressed in the last few decades about the philosophy and purpose of his uprising. This view which was raised in contrast to the view of "worship of martyrdom" led to a wave ...
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The view of Imam Hossein's "Uprising for Establishing a Government" discussed in the book of Shahid Javid is one of the views expressed in the last few decades about the philosophy and purpose of his uprising. This view which was raised in contrast to the view of "worship of martyrdom" led to a wave of protests and discontent in religious and clerical circles and Shiite preachers and has received much criticism from writers and even some scholars in the field in the past few decades in Iran. However, the holder of this theory made extensive efforts to prove his theory and with a historical approach this paper seeks to interpret this theory and criticize it. The Ashura uprising is unlike other movements and revolutions whose leaders and actors are ordinary and infallible. The prominent feature of this unique uprising is summarized in its leader who was selected by God and possessed the position of Imamate, and due to his two dignities of knowledge and infallibility, he commits no error or slip. Thus, his behavior and manner cannot be compared with those of others, rather his behavior shall be a criterion for others.
History
Mohammad Zandi; Moslem Ghorban Babaei; Abdollah Mottaghizadeh
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 221-234
Abstract
The book Metaethics written by Simon Kirchin is one a book on metaethics, first published by the Palgrave Macmillan institute in 2012. Kirchin was a faculty member at the University of Kent, England, who wrote an introductory textbook on metaethics covering the most important topics in this field. Positive ...
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The book Metaethics written by Simon Kirchin is one a book on metaethics, first published by the Palgrave Macmillan institute in 2012. Kirchin was a faculty member at the University of Kent, England, who wrote an introductory textbook on metaethics covering the most important topics in this field. Positive features of the book include the author's relatively fluent writing, detailed layout with simple and appropriate language, and raising the newest perspectives on metaethics. In contrast, failing to address some of the important points and briefly mentioning are considered its drawbacks. Considering the positive aspects of the book, as well as the major section of its discussions in Farsi, as well as the remarkable shortage of Persian resources in the field of metaethics indicate the necessity and importance of translating the book, and the authors of this article translated it based on such necessity. The difficulty of translation took extra energy from translators, in particular in translating new unprecedented book topics into Farsi, especially finding the equivalents of some terms that should be done with accuracy.
History
Reza Taherkhani; Mohammad sepehri
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 235-257
Abstract
There are not enough main references and contexts related to Aghkoyunlular era despite political and cultural revolution of Iran in their sovereignty in the second part of ninth century AH and whatever had been recognized until now is not published critically. The works have been compiled in the Field ...
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There are not enough main references and contexts related to Aghkoyunlular era despite political and cultural revolution of Iran in their sovereignty in the second part of ninth century AH and whatever had been recognized until now is not published critically. The works have been compiled in the Field of Historiography in this era, which was a continuation of simple writing through late seventh century AH. Historians’ works of this era are synthetic and technical. The writers have exaggerated about the praise of Aghkoyunlular Turkmen, and they have called them the best Islamic governors of the era. The histories of this era are complementary of one another and its historiography is based on personal observations and documentaries of that era. Therefor, It is so important, so the main question of the present study is to see what the strong and weak points of Aghkoyunlulars historians works are. It is seen that the present study could determine the principles, cosmology rules, strong and weak points of Historiography of this era. Descriptive–analytical method was used in this study.
History
Hamid Karamipour
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 259-273
Abstract
The author of this book, Dr. AliAkbar Velayati, has examined Iranian history from the advent of Islam to Mongol invasion in ten chapters. As it is characterized from the titles of chapters of the book, this work has referred to Iranian political history during aforementioned period, and economic and ...
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The author of this book, Dr. AliAkbar Velayati, has examined Iranian history from the advent of Islam to Mongol invasion in ten chapters. As it is characterized from the titles of chapters of the book, this work has referred to Iranian political history during aforementioned period, and economic and social issues have been dispersedly discussed. The book’s author has shown his religious and value-driven interests even in description of events and taken his own specific approach in discussing reasons of events by enjoying historic texts. The important point is that an ideological attitude governs heavily over all chapters of the book so that Shiite and related teachings have been turned into the major discourse of Iranian nation in all historic eras. Regarding critique and analysis of this study, it is tried to reveal how much the author has been abided by research principles of historic knowledge whether by method or by content.
History
Morteza Nouraei
Volume 18, Issue 1 , April 2018, , Pages 301-310
Abstract
The book, "Local History of Iran in the Islamic Period until the Seventh Century AH" (Qanavat, 2013, pp 434), includes historical concepts that rely on the flow of text-writing in the field of history, the history of text-in-text. In other words, the end-mean is not a representation of historical events ...
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The book, "Local History of Iran in the Islamic Period until the Seventh Century AH" (Qanavat, 2013, pp 434), includes historical concepts that rely on the flow of text-writing in the field of history, the history of text-in-text. In other words, the end-mean is not a representation of historical events or events either, but rather the reconstruction of a specific historiography -local- in the process of the period from the third to the seventh AH. The evolution of local historiography from monog raphs such as fotoh and kharaj, to the biographies of tabaqat and rejal and their entry to the local history papers, including the transition process of the trend in this era are all under study. Therefore, the present book attempts to reveal a trend in the method and meaningful method of historiographical retrospective. Did the writers have consciousness on the nature and kind of their writings? The approach in this book, with which the writer has fallen deep into the depths of the book, seeks to revise it, which is in fact, a glimpse into the past of the locality, following the main question on local history through sources. The process of creation sources revealed a rich tradition in order to preserve the past time in the texts. Therefore, the process of reconstructing and reviewing texts in the form of finding main elements in the method and perspective has in fact been able to show the rich tradition of local historiography in Iran during the medieval period. This book illustrates the evolutionary trend of local historiography in Iran until the seventh century. The fundamental premise of this book is that time, geography (place), and political systems are triangles of transition in local historiography.
History
Mohamad Amir Ahmadzadeh
Volume 15, Issue 35 , October 2015, , Pages 1-24
Abstract
Constitutional revolution has been the most important historical event that influenced the growth of urbanization and social classification in contemporary Iran. Creating new concepts such as nation-state, establishment of new training centers with the aim of developing modern public education, the establishment ...
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Constitutional revolution has been the most important historical event that influenced the growth of urbanization and social classification in contemporary Iran. Creating new concepts such as nation-state, establishment of new training centers with the aim of developing modern public education, the establishment of a legislative body and into some social groups with the aim of developing modern activism into the public domain, Historical position to find the social and historical development of the masses and the role of community groups off constitutional changes, all of these were some of components that Signaled the start of a new way to social activist groups in urban and educated groups having average economic level of development for doing the internal role of developments. However, development factors and some structural barriers such as cultural, economic and political Obstacles contributed in expansion and success of this new layer of society in different periods. The book named "middle class" has sought to analyze and assess the political discourse in the middle groups of Iranian society from 1941 to 2001 AD, with a sociological approach. But, it should be criticized its scientific evaluation from the methodological, theoretical and historical, and structural perspectives. I am going to analyze the content of this book with a critical method for finding this problem that:"why this book has not a comprehensive perspective at the middle class problems in Iran after constitutional revolution?"
History
Mohammad Hassan Elahizadeh
Volume 15, Issue 35 , October 2015, , Pages 25-40
Abstract
Abstract The book Alfitnah Jadaliyyah fi al-Din wa Alsyasah fi islam Almobakker by Tunisian thinker and historian Dr. Hisham Djait is among the globally acknowledged works that was translated into Arabic in December 1991 and published by Dar-altalieh Publications in Beirut. The book which is divided ...
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Abstract The book Alfitnah Jadaliyyah fi al-Din wa Alsyasah fi islam Almobakker by Tunisian thinker and historian Dr. Hisham Djait is among the globally acknowledged works that was translated into Arabic in December 1991 and published by Dar-altalieh Publications in Beirut. The book which is divided into five chapters gives an account of the important historical events occurring during the thirty years after the time of the Prophet (pbuh) and analyzes those incidents with an emphasis on the events which happened during the last years of Othman’s and Ali’s caliphate. Religious unity, building an Islamic state and jihad, conquests and Islamic Empire, the battles of Jamal, Siffin and Nehruvan are the basic issues discussed in the book. The term fitnah is used to refer to the five-year period of the Caliphate of Rashedun; a historical setting that, according to the author of the book, that was a combination of internal strife and religious conflict that ultimately resulted in sectarianism and break in the Ummah of the Prophet (pbuh). Despite the importance of this period, and regarding the fact that till now no serious historical study is done concerning it, the author of the book has tried carefully, deeply and obsessively to produce a historical account of this time. In the present article, while giving a formal introduction on the book, the researcher has evaluated and criticised the given book
History
Shahla Bakhtiari
Volume 15, Issue 35 , October 2015, , Pages 41-59
Abstract
For modern researchers, various books and texts open a gate to the knowledge about ancient consequences of civilizations. Criticism, however, not only unfolds the facts and characteristics of the text body as well as examining the capability of the compiler or translator, it also recognizes different ...
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For modern researchers, various books and texts open a gate to the knowledge about ancient consequences of civilizations. Criticism, however, not only unfolds the facts and characteristics of the text body as well as examining the capability of the compiler or translator, it also recognizes different domains from intellectual facilities to the type of writing and translation. Finding the strength and weakness points of the book, “Islamic Civilization in Abbasid Era”, from compilation and translation perspective, the compiler and translator seem to have keenly been motivated to present the consequences of civilization in Abbasid era, an effort in which they could successfully fulfill the aim. The study shows that the strength points are positively more than weaknesses. Having Shariah- based approach, the compiler has been capable to propose the consequences of Islamic civilization from various domains. The translator, in turn, has not only strived to fill a gap in Persian works by selecting such book, he also succeeds to deliver an appropriate material to the students with a very little imperfection in translation.
History
Ali Bayat
Volume 15, Issue 35 , October 2015, , Pages 61-79
Abstract
During last two centuries, numerous researches about Islamic history, culture and civilization in form of books and articles are published by Muslim and non-Muslim researchers. Although each of them have thrown light on angles of bygone Islamic culture and civilization, all publication do not have the ...
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During last two centuries, numerous researches about Islamic history, culture and civilization in form of books and articles are published by Muslim and non-Muslim researchers. Although each of them have thrown light on angles of bygone Islamic culture and civilization, all publication do not have the same scientific validity and should be criticized precisely. In this article, the book “Arab History in Islamic Era” by Javad Ali, famous Iraqi thinker and historian, which is translated to Persian by Mansur Dadash Nejad, is reviewed formally and contently. In summary, some deficits and shortcoming such as lack of compliance of title with content, confine method of historiography in mere academic context and school of historical positivism, bringing some unsourced quotes and contents or citation without verification and some ambiguities in text. In contrast, contents of book are based on diverse and firm historical materials and documents and comparison between them, philology and linguistic researches is utilized, and there are quotations and criticisms of orientalists. The author motivated and aimed to discovering truth, has studied and analyzed history of Islam that is yielded precise and wise innovations and punctiliousness of chain of events. Author’s ethical characteristics like avoiding prejudice, courtesy and scientific humility, and accepting criticism are the other privileges of the book.
