Research
History
behzad asghari; Nayereh Dalir
Abstract
In the fifth century AH, the Seljuk dynasty extended beyond the borders of the present-day Iran, and they linked the history of Iran with neighboring territories. Therefore, the study of the history of this dynasty is very pivotal. In this regard, the work of "Seljuks from the Beginning to the End" by ...
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In the fifth century AH, the Seljuk dynasty extended beyond the borders of the present-day Iran, and they linked the history of Iran with neighboring territories. Therefore, the study of the history of this dynasty is very pivotal. In this regard, the work of "Seljuks from the Beginning to the End" by Abolghasem Forouzani in seventeen chapters is an attempt to examine all aspects of the Seljuk government. The question that arises is to what extent the author has been able to analyze and explain the various aspects of the Seljuk government based on the publication objectivesof this textbook. Therefore, in this article, the critical and analytical approaches and the book validity are investigated. According to the conducted research, various relevant findings can be pointed out. Despite the variety of topics covered by this work on the Seljuk dynasty, it is a highly valid resource, especially in regard to the civilization and cultural aspect, which are considered among its most significant advantages. However, the application of the narration method in this work is majorly prevalent. Being used as an academic textbook, it will therefore be difficult to make an analytical understanding of the Seljuk era.
Research
History
Rohullah Bahrami
Abstract
Vere Gordon Childe, an Australian archaeologist and historian, was one of most spectacular figures in archaeology and history in the first half of the 20th century. He took a methodologically synthetic approach to offer particular issues which are still given attention by pre-historians and historians. ...
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Vere Gordon Childe, an Australian archaeologist and historian, was one of most spectacular figures in archaeology and history in the first half of the 20th century. He took a methodologically synthetic approach to offer particular issues which are still given attention by pre-historians and historians. In this respect, his influential book History, targeting a survey of current theories on the history and historiography, was so given attention by academics in Iran that has been translated and published for several times. In this paper, it is attempted to review the Persian version of the book and that the methodological synthetic approach taken by its author about the historical order and the variables of such interpretation on the history.
Research
History
Hamidreza Peighambari; Hasan Alahyari
Abstract
The study of marine history is one of the important cases in historical research. However, insufficient research has been done in this field in Persian language, and it was frequently investigated by non-academic writers. “The Atlas of Ports and Maritime History of Iran” is compiled by a ...
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The study of marine history is one of the important cases in historical research. However, insufficient research has been done in this field in Persian language, and it was frequently investigated by non-academic writers. “The Atlas of Ports and Maritime History of Iran” is compiled by a group of researchers supervised by two professors in the history field. In general, this article, as a review paper, tries to identify and scrutinize the strengths and weaknesses of the book in addition to improving its scientific quality for the future issues. To sum up, the comprehensiveness and utilization of various sources and research by using useful maps, clear illustrations, and sufficient tables can be proposed as the strengths of the book, while the dispersion and heterogeneity of the content and disaffiliation of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea section with the Caspian Sea section are the major weaknesses of the book.
Research
History
Sayyed Mohammad Reza Hosseini
Abstract
One of the books published on the history of the early Islamic era is by Jamal Jawdah "Socioeconomic Situation of Malaali at the Beginning of Islam". This book deals with the critical ear of early Islam and treats the clash of the Omavids with the Malaali. This book has a number of shortcomings, such ...
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One of the books published on the history of the early Islamic era is by Jamal Jawdah "Socioeconomic Situation of Malaali at the Beginning of Islam". This book deals with the critical ear of early Islam and treats the clash of the Omavids with the Malaali. This book has a number of shortcomings, such as lack of innovation, lack of organization, having no definite conclusion, lack of proper sources, disregarding modern methods of research, etc. These drawbacks have embattled the writer, and he has not been successful in explaining the socio-economic conditions of Malaali in early Islam. The mentioned book has logical-critical and library-based methods and was criticized in an unbiased way. Some parts have been reviewed briefly.
Research
Foreign Languages
Hadi dolatabadi
Abstract
L’Histoire des relations entre l’Iran et la France Du Moyen Âge à nos jours (The history of Iranian-French relations from the Middle Ages to the present) is a book that describes the ups and downs of the history of Iran-France relations from its starting point in connection with ...
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L’Histoire des relations entre l’Iran et la France Du Moyen Âge à nos jours (The history of Iranian-French relations from the Middle Ages to the present) is a book that describes the ups and downs of the history of Iran-France relations from its starting point in connection with the French court with the Mongol kings in Iran in the Middle Ages, until 2018, when it was published in France by L’Harmattan Publications. This book is the first work written in French by an Iranian researcher on Iran-France relations. On the other hand, in some cases, the Iranian approach towards these relations has damaged the reading of this book, and it quotes these relations in French from the Iranian point of view, which includes the historical references. This can confuse the international audience with confusion and misunderstanding of the time of the events. The author pays more attention to the political and cultural aspects of the relations between the two countries and has almost ignored the economic aspects of recent decades. Some writing considerations, such as spelling, grammar, and punctuation, as well as the unity of the way certain nouns are written, need to be reviewed in this work, which can make the book a valuable reference after revision.
Research
History
Maryam Doalatraftar Haghighi; Mohammad Sepehri
Abstract
The works written in Samanid’s period in the field of history are partly the continuation of simple writing in the late second century A.H. The prose by a number of historians in the Samanid Period is artifact and the authors just tried to praise the ruler’s emirs and ministers exaggeratedly. ...
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The works written in Samanid’s period in the field of history are partly the continuation of simple writing in the late second century A.H. The prose by a number of historians in the Samanid Period is artifact and the authors just tried to praise the ruler’s emirs and ministers exaggeratedly. They counted them as the right kings of time. Historiography in this period was mostly based on personal observation, and for this reason access to the documents belonging to this period is very important. The main questions of this research are as follows: what are the essential features of historiography in the Samanid’s Period? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the best historical sources in this Period? This research explains the strong and weak points of historiography in the Samanid’s Period and also tries to identify the main features of historical sources within this era. Among the important features of Islamic historiography in this Period, the cultural and civilizational attitude of historians, holistic historiography, the appearance of rationalist analytical and educational attitude, combining various sciences such as History, Geography, Astronomy, and knowledge about different science and fields can be mentioned. Some other things that we can see in the historical compilations of this period are: starting to translate (Balamy historiography), avoiding the methods of news compilation based on the principles and traditions of Hadith records and also the appearance of new methods of historiography (local history like history of Bokhara). In general, the boom of historiography and the appearance of some important historical works in the period of Samanid are achieved through a variety of factors in the realm of this Iranian Family.
Research
History
Seyyed Mohammad Rahim Rabbanizadeh; Sayed Hesam Mohammad Zadeh
Abstract
This research has utilized a critical method based on Lalau and Muffes discourse approach to scrutinize the book of “Discourse Evolution of the Report of Karbala Event”. The main question of this research is that based on which sort the discourses (emotional, transcendental, and historical) ...
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This research has utilized a critical method based on Lalau and Muffes discourse approach to scrutinize the book of “Discourse Evolution of the Report of Karbala Event”. The main question of this research is that based on which sort the discourses (emotional, transcendental, and historical) mentioned in this book are set. The conclusion indicates that the Karbala event has not been investigated as a historical and objective event so that it has not been referred to the historical facts of the Karbala event, but the writers’ positions in various discourses have been checked out in the psychological aspect of the event, so the statistical measures in this book cannot be valid. The sign and motto of the discourses under consideration is unclear, and ignores the power ratio in the incident report, and makes no mention of competing discourses in the report of the Karbala event.
Research
History
Sayyed Abolfazl Razavi
Abstract
This present paper criticizes the interpretive approaches of Beatrice Forbes Manz’s, a researcher of Mongol and Timurid era, on the book "Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Period in Iran". Manz survey “Shahrokh's Era History” and specially relations between society and government ...
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This present paper criticizes the interpretive approaches of Beatrice Forbes Manz’s, a researcher of Mongol and Timurid era, on the book "Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Period in Iran". Manz survey “Shahrokh's Era History” and specially relations between society and government by different viewpoints and come up with new horizons. Thus, after introducing each chapter briefly about the Timurid surveying arena, it criticizes epistemological basics and author’s model theory through which the author interprets relations between society and government. The mentioned criticisms honor author’s viewpoint in coming up with new horizons in Timurid historiography, provoke readers to see Timurid’s successor’s society and government’s structure in a different way, pay attention to her attitude about Shahrokh Era History.
Research
History
moslem soleimanian; siavsh yari; Zoleikha Amini
Abstract
The history of Abbasid era is the focus of attention from different angles, but previous studies have rarely dealt with it. This work has been considered and investigated as a political work so far. By traditionally scrutinizing the context of this book and critical analysis, one can realize other ...
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The history of Abbasid era is the focus of attention from different angles, but previous studies have rarely dealt with it. This work has been considered and investigated as a political work so far. By traditionally scrutinizing the context of this book and critical analysis, one can realize other existing aspects than Askandarbeig Monshi incidents. Though Abassid period history is the continuation of the Islamic Iranian histographic heritage, the basic approaches in this way of historiography should be sought in Iranian Islamic history heritage. Relying upon the critical discourse, the writers of the present study have made the most attempts to deal with more important issues such as history stimulant, insight identification, fatalism, and other social relations in Askandarbeig Monshi to be responded in Abassid period history. The results of the current investigation reveal that Askandarbeig Monshi has interpreted the events with relying on the same theology, heroic, and political approaches; besides, he has known the history instigator as the God given manifestation by Safavid kings. Undoubtedly his work can be considered as a scares study in the realm of perspicacity and theology. It has been far more exceedingly than other Iranian traditional historians so that his work is a somehow considerable work in the field of historical society by introducing the low-level pundits of Safavid dynasty.
Research
History
Esmaeil Sangari; Alireza Karbasi
Abstract
The approach of contemporary western historians on the term of “Philhellen” on the coins of the Parthian kings has two types of interpretations. Some consider the superiority of Greek culture to Persian culture in Parthian period, and it is considered as a kind of unconditional and cultural ...
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The approach of contemporary western historians on the term of “Philhellen” on the coins of the Parthian kings has two types of interpretations. Some consider the superiority of Greek culture to Persian culture in Parthian period, and it is considered as a kind of unconditional and cultural surrender to Greek culture. Some other viewpoints, most of which are based on the later Western historians’ viewpoints, are that this term was used as a "political trick" by Parthian kings in order to control the Greek settlers in their territory. In this view, the use of the term on Parthian coins has not meant the unconditional surrender of Iranian culture to Greek culture, and its whole meaning has not been summed up in political goals, necessarily. What was created during Helenism and especially under the influence of stoic thoughts and its Iranian roots of thought was a global approach to the concept of humanity, which was fundamentally different from that of the Greeks before. This issue was compatible with Iranians’ perception from the global society that was rooted in Zoroastrian thoughts in Achaemenid period. Thus, the Parthian kings, using this interpretation, in fact, admire a kind of Greek culture that has a global and non-transcendental attitude towards human society and so that paved the way for its absorption in Iranian culture. This paper aims to provide a moderate judgment with a cultural-sociological approach by showing the cultural difference between Greeks and Iranians in the Hellenistic period and before that, using literary and archaeological evidence, with a descriptive-analytical method.
Research
Art
Nahid Abdi
Abstract
Perceiving the principles of Christian arts as one of the monotheistic religions has a special significance in the studies of thought and art. In spite of the explicit prohibition of the Abrahamic religions on Image, it is important to know how icons and iconography have become essential elements of ...
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Perceiving the principles of Christian arts as one of the monotheistic religions has a special significance in the studies of thought and art. In spite of the explicit prohibition of the Abrahamic religions on Image, it is important to know how icons and iconography have become essential elements of Christianity. It was expected that this book could respond part of this expectation. This article discussed some of the positive points and shortcomings of the two texts from the point of critical studies method. Thus, it was noted that the translation with manipulating the framework of the source has affected the goals of the book; meanwhile, because of the lack of proper approach, questions on “The Meaning of Icons” have been remained unresolved yet. The lack of a bibliography is a fundamental shortcoming of the Persian version, and the failure to follow the standards of research has subjected the validity and effectiveness of the book. Because of the deficiencies and mixing the content, the present translation does not seem to answer the needs of readers who have interested in this field and cannot be considered as a reliable text.
Research
History
Abolhasan Fayaz Anush
Abstract
It is said that the relationship between history and theory is like “the deaf dialog”. It means that there are incongruous interests between them, and maybe the interpretation itself, causes an inconsistent relation between historians and theorists. The present paper explains that every historian ...
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It is said that the relationship between history and theory is like “the deaf dialog”. It means that there are incongruous interests between them, and maybe the interpretation itself, causes an inconsistent relation between historians and theorists. The present paper explains that every historian needs to have a theoretical base for writing and studying history. Then, it emphasizes that to criticize the historical works the critics must be aware of the theoretical base they criticize, and they themselves have to adopt a specific theoretical base. So, every theoretical base is pertinent to the metahistorical field, and it means that the historians who theorize have to attend to necessaries more than facts gathering. Therefore, the most necessary debate is an explanation of the relationship between the critique of history and metahistory. The paper analyzes different levels of historical knowledge to explain the relationship.
Research
History
Ali Kavousi-rahim
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to criticize the “Catalogue of Manuscripts on Alchemy and Related Sciences within Iranian Libraries” by Zohre Māziār and Nasibe Ranjbardār, which has been published in 2013/1392, along with an introduction made by Yousof Beyg Bābāapour. Nowadays, ...
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The purpose of the present paper is to criticize the “Catalogue of Manuscripts on Alchemy and Related Sciences within Iranian Libraries” by Zohre Māziār and Nasibe Ranjbardār, which has been published in 2013/1392, along with an introduction made by Yousof Beyg Bābāapour. Nowadays, since the research on Islamic alchemy is in its infancy, the compilation of such a catalog could be acknowledged as a necessary reference for future studies on alchemy. The importance of a catalog comes from this way that it is the connective ring between ancient manuscripts and their editors. But, as concluded in this paper, that contribution would not be useful in the subject, in spite of its proper title. In the present critical analysis, we have remarked six major deficiencies of this catalog. Exclusive quotation from previously published DENA catalog without appropriate referencing to it, frequent writing mistakes and omitting a significant number of manuscripts could be reported as three major defects of this catalog. In my opinion, this catalog shall mislead the researchers in their way to detect the manuscripts instead of guiding them in a right path.
Research
History
Behzad Karimi
Abstract
Madness is one of the less-discussed issues in the social and medical history of Muslim societies in the Islamic Middle Ages. Madness until two or three decades ago was mostly considered as a mental illness by medical history researchers. But with the introduction of new social approaches to medical ...
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Madness is one of the less-discussed issues in the social and medical history of Muslim societies in the Islamic Middle Ages. Madness until two or three decades ago was mostly considered as a mental illness by medical history researchers. But with the introduction of new social approaches to medical phenomena, we gradually see a stream of research that examines medical issues beyond the known boundaries of medical knowledge and in an interdisciplinary space that has produced some works. One of the few works that within this framework has extensively analyzed the history of madness in Islamic societies is Majnun: The Madman in Medieval Islamic Society by Michael W. Dols. In this book, he has extensively explored the subject of insanity in three different medical, social-historical, and legal/religious perspectives, relying on a variety of sources. However, this work has some defects for a variety of reasons, including the author’s partialism approach, overwhelming data on madness and being caught in the trap of a European-oriented Orientalist approach that in some cases has produced inappropriate generalizations.
Research
Foreign Languages
Ali Golmohammadi
Abstract
What contradictions and crises made the Shogunate take countermeasures in the form of three major reforms (Kyōhō, Kinsei, and Tenpō) in early modern period Japan (Kinsei)? The author’s critical study of the topic focused on the appellation “three major reforms,” their renown and ...
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What contradictions and crises made the Shogunate take countermeasures in the form of three major reforms (Kyōhō, Kinsei, and Tenpō) in early modern period Japan (Kinsei)? The author’s critical study of the topic focused on the appellation “three major reforms,” their renown and confinement to three periods by the Shogunate, and the explanation is within the two historical perspectives of “Good and Bad Governance Alternation” and “Tension and Relaxation.” Expressing his own definition of “reform,” and some examples in each period, the author tries to criticize fairly the bad governance and its instances. The book provides its Iranian readers with new and informative content. The book review is aimed at explaining the reforms and highlighting the significance of the reforms’ socio-political potential in Japanese modernization and also stressing the importance of the historical period, which was unintentionally neglected by the writer and suggesting Thomas Spragens’s theory of crisis as an alternative for a better analysis. A thorough study of the Shogunate’s akin and appointee reformers needs a political theory rather than a historical one. Focusing on governmental reform to prevent the dissolution of the system hindered the author’s attention to the nature of the reform and the important consequences.
Research
History
Amin mohammadi
Abstract
In recent decades by finding the importance of economic history, studies and research about the economic aspects of Iran have been expanded. Researchers such as Willem Floor and Rudi Mattee investigated the documents and archives about Finance, tax, trade and bazaar in Iran by a focus on Safavid and ...
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In recent decades by finding the importance of economic history, studies and research about the economic aspects of Iran have been expanded. Researchers such as Willem Floor and Rudi Mattee investigated the documents and archives about Finance, tax, trade and bazaar in Iran by a focus on Safavid and Qajar era. By the way, some Iranian translators try to interpret their books as soon as possible. Because of the number of special words and idioms in these texts, it is obvious that the translation must be done by a special person who is skillful in linguistic sciences and economic and historical matters. In this article, we try to find out this question that: how can lacking expertise hurt the main text. We find out that being unfamiliar with some aspects of the text such as political history, historical geography, financial idioms and terminology, and documentation causes some big mistakes in translation, and all the readers, writers, and translators get mixed up.
Research
History
Alireza Mollaiy Tavany
Abstract
This article criticizes Gholam Hossein Zargarinejad’s book that named "History of Iran in the Qajar Period: The Age of Aga Mohammad Khan”. The life and work of Aga Mohammad Khan Qajar is one of the controversial topics in the Iranian history. There has been much research and historical novels ...
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This article criticizes Gholam Hossein Zargarinejad’s book that named "History of Iran in the Qajar Period: The Age of Aga Mohammad Khan”. The life and work of Aga Mohammad Khan Qajar is one of the controversial topics in the Iranian history. There has been much research and historical novels written about him so far. Generally, bloody, cruel, and vengeful figures have been drawn in both the Pahlavi and Islamic Republic-era historiography discourse and independent research. That would have been a different fate for Iran if it had not abolished Zandieh’s government. Zargirinejad is one of the scholars who echoed this view in his earlier works but in his book “History of Iran in the Qajar Period: The Age of Aga Mohammad Khan”. He has attempted to alter this picture with a critical reading of sources and documents and to draw completely different figures. A person who is not only rumors about his cruelty, especially the blindness of the people of Kerman or the Caucasus, but also the opposite, was the only one among the claimants of power, including Lotfali Khan Zand, who completely thought about Iran and the revival of its historical realm. This article attempts to critically evaluate the views and views of Zargarinejad.
Research
History
Ali Yahyaei
Abstract
The book “History, Culture &Civilization of Iran in the Buyid Dynasty” by Sadegh Hojjati is a detailed and relatively fluent account of the history of Iran and the Islamic world at the climax of Islamic civilization, which many scholars do not work on that period because of scarcity and ...
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The book “History, Culture &Civilization of Iran in the Buyid Dynasty” by Sadegh Hojjati is a detailed and relatively fluent account of the history of Iran and the Islamic world at the climax of Islamic civilization, which many scholars do not work on that period because of scarcity and Arabic linguistic references. The author appropriately organized the book into two parts: a political history (including ten chapters) and culture and civilization (including five chapters) and produced an acceptable work. But, neglecting some of the earlier sources and new research, not addressing some of the important issues such as religious politics and other aspects of foreign associations and some of the problems of segmentation or references in many paragraphs, various criteria in writing, and some inadequate judgments and probably inaccurate damaged the book to some extent. This article discusses the pros and cons of this book.
