Research
Persian Language and Literature
Jamileh Akhyani
Abstract
The purpose of writing a literary university selection should, as a rule, be to briefly acquaint students with the ideas and art of the great masters of Persian literature in order to increase their motivation to refer to the works of these masters. Book of Four Masters by Dr. Kazem Dezfoulian, published ...
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The purpose of writing a literary university selection should, as a rule, be to briefly acquaint students with the ideas and art of the great masters of Persian literature in order to increase their motivation to refer to the works of these masters. Book of Four Masters by Dr. Kazem Dezfoulian, published by The Organization for Researching and Composing University textbooks in the Humanities (Samt Publications) for the poetry of Iraqi Literature, is one of those excerpts whose publication, unfortunately, does not meet the expectations of the academic community. Choosing the wrong poems, misreading some verses and misinterpreting them, incorrect or incomplete explanation of some verses, not paying attention to the incorrect recording of some words and the lack of explanation about them, and a lot of typing mistakes are among the most important shortcomings mentioned above that keep the book away from the sophistication expected of a college textbook. In the present article, part of the book’s many shortcomings is discussed under the heading of “disorganized” and “inexplicit,” and the author hopes that with the attention of textbook writers, more attention will be paid to overseeing academic publishing centers and fixing these bugs in future releases.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Arash Amraei
Abstract
The ability of the Persian language with its cultural contexts made many Persian words and expressions have different meanings and functions under different situations. Expressing the metonymy of various phrases and expressions in the Persian language is one of these functions. For this reason, metonymy ...
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The ability of the Persian language with its cultural contexts made many Persian words and expressions have different meanings and functions under different situations. Expressing the metonymy of various phrases and expressions in the Persian language is one of these functions. For this reason, metonymy has always been considered by linguists, poets, and authors as part of the language and culture of any society. Metonymy is the beautiful, artistic, and implicit expression of different topics used by poets and authors as a subtle technique in expressing their purposes. Due to the extensive use of metonymy by Persian poets and authors, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of metonymy is a critical and competent task. Hassan Anwari and his colleagues complied and published a dictionary called “Sokhan Dictionary of Metonymy,” which is analyzed in this study. This book was published in two volumes in 1783. After reviewing and evaluating different concepts related to the book, the book structure has been succinctly introduced. Then, the content analysis and evaluation of the book was done. It was found that since this culture has been extracted from discourse culture, except metonymy, some other irrelevant entries have been mixed with it, leading to some incongruities and misinterpretations. In so doing, some of the most egregious problems are enumerated. It was finally concluded that this book needs to be seriously revised and rectified.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Ahmad Behnami
Abstract
“Haqiqat-ol Hadiqat: Selections & Excerpts of All Chapters of Sanai Ghaznavis Hadiqat-ol Haqiqat” is a book compiled by Homeira Zomorodi, with the aim of providing a selection from “Sanai Ghaznavis Hadiqat-ol Haqiqat” book and related commentary. Was the book successful in ...
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“Haqiqat-ol Hadiqat: Selections & Excerpts of All Chapters of Sanai Ghaznavis Hadiqat-ol Haqiqat” is a book compiled by Homeira Zomorodi, with the aim of providing a selection from “Sanai Ghaznavis Hadiqat-ol Haqiqat” book and related commentary. Was the book successful in achieving its purpose of familiarizing Persian literature readers and students with this significant Persian literary work? In order to evaluate the text accuracy, the author refers to valid sources such as Persian dictionaries, the original text of Sana’i Ghaznavi’s book, old Persian texts sharing common anecdotes with the original text, and commentaries and explications. As a result of such evaluation, few shortcomings have been found, some of which can be cited as various writing, editing, and printing-related flaws in the text, and the citations of verses in many cases are incorrect. In several instances, there are also inaccurate interpretations of verses, incorrect presentation of anecdotes and allusions origins, and flawed translation of cited Arabic phrases. Also, many verses are left unexplained.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Behruz Bekbabayi
Abstract
The Cossacks, who had were separated from Turkic society in 1465 and had independent identities until Russian domination, also gained extensive geography in Central Asia after independence. But, we know that this vast geography is part of Iran’s cultural geography. Consequently, the historical ...
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The Cossacks, who had were separated from Turkic society in 1465 and had independent identities until Russian domination, also gained extensive geography in Central Asia after independence. But, we know that this vast geography is part of Iran’s cultural geography. Consequently, the historical process of thought and literature in this field is necessary for the investigation of Iranian scientific circles. As a result, in order to achieve this goal, we reviewed the book “Kazakh History and Literature “Survey and Analysis of Historical and Literary Links with Iran” by Islam Zhemeni. In this review, we will mention the positive features of the book, such as providing brief information on the history and culture of the Kazakhs, the various periods of Kazakh literature, especially the literature of the Stalin era, and the way in which the Cossack intellectuals struggled with Stalin’s despotism at the head of them in the process of Kazakh culture and thinking. Particularly, we will refer to the most influential Kazakh indicators, such as Abai Qunanbayoglu, Shahkarim, Mokhtar Avesov, and so on. We will also look at some of the flaws in the book, such as repetition and the emotional content of some of the content and the weakness of the book’s layout and editing. This book is very important in knowing the way and time of the influence of Iranian culture and literature in those areas.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Alireza Hajianejad
Abstract
Shortly after the Ghoshirieh treatise was written, it was first translated into Persian by Abu Ali bin Ahmad Osmani for the use of Farsi language speakers, and after a while, the translation was modified or provided with another version. With the help of the Arabic text and based on the manuscripts of ...
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Shortly after the Ghoshirieh treatise was written, it was first translated into Persian by Abu Ali bin Ahmad Osmani for the use of Farsi language speakers, and after a while, the translation was modified or provided with another version. With the help of the Arabic text and based on the manuscripts of Süleymaniye Library_Lala İsmail and British Museum, Badiozzaman Forouzanfar corrected this book for the first time in 1966. The educational aspects of the book and the emergence of some inadvertences prompted others to provide a further correction of the Arabic original and its Persian translation. Just like and after Mohebbati, Rowzatian and Mirbaqerifard believe that Forouzanfar has made a methodological mistake in his work by comparing two versions of a translation, both of which have been conducted by one translator. Based on the manuscript in the Hagia Sophia museum and by checking it with the manuscript available in the British Museum, they have corrected the Ghoshirieh treatise. Low-false suitable typography and several indexes are the main advantages of this manuscript. The weak aspects of its suspicions, neglecting the introduction of the sources of Arabic distiches and the Arabic text of the work are among the disadvantages of the manuscript besides neglecting its comparison with the Forouzanfar’s manuscript.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Vardanjani
Abstract
One of the most recent works published in the field of Khaqani Studies is the second and third volumes of Khaqani’s Commentary, written by Mohammad Reza Barzegar Khaleqi. The author in these two volumes, as in the first volume, has described the quotations. The subject of this article is to review ...
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One of the most recent works published in the field of Khaqani Studies is the second and third volumes of Khaqani’s Commentary, written by Mohammad Reza Barzegar Khaleqi. The author in these two volumes, as in the first volume, has described the quotations. The subject of this article is to review and criticize the second volume of this work. This research has attempted to resolve some of the shortcomings and drawbacks of this work through an analytical / descriptive approach; therefore, the drawbacks and shortcomings of this work have been examined in two major sections: content problems and typographical/editing problems. The first section, dealing with content drawbacks, has other sub-categories, which include: (a) misunderstanding the meaning of the verses; (b) incorrect recordings;(c) incorrect reading of verses; and d) inadequate and incomplete explanations. Each section has attempted to substantiate the comments provided by reference to ancient and original sources. However, the purpose of this essay is not to undermine the validity of this work; instead, it seeks to take a positive step in upholding this work with due diligence and ethics so that we can see more relevant text in the future.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Esmat Khoeini; Mohammad Parsanasab; Naser Kermani
Abstract
Despite the variety of electronic resources, textbooks continue to be the main medium of language teaching. Thus, criticizing them can improve the quality of education. This paper reviews the 1st volume of the 2nd Edition of “Farsi Biamuzim”, based on a set of standards and criteria for evaluating ...
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Despite the variety of electronic resources, textbooks continue to be the main medium of language teaching. Thus, criticizing them can improve the quality of education. This paper reviews the 1st volume of the 2nd Edition of “Farsi Biamuzim”, based on a set of standards and criteria for evaluating academic textbooks. Among the five criticism criteria of structure, content, language, method, and society and culture, the advantages of this work can be found in the general way of teaching the alphabet, providing innovative exercises, selecting practical topics, and designing useful topics in the content of lessons. Its disadvantages can be attributed to the structural inconsistency of the book in the instruction of letters and grammatical materials and the lack of a list of sources and a defect in its list of contents.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Mostafa Dashti Ahangar
Abstract
Structuralism and poststructuralism are two of the most important and influential approaches in the humanities of the 20th century. These two approaches are raised in response to the special situation in philosophy and humanities, so they have to be paid attention to. The main question of this article ...
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Structuralism and poststructuralism are two of the most important and influential approaches in the humanities of the 20th century. These two approaches are raised in response to the special situation in philosophy and humanities, so they have to be paid attention to. The main question of this article is to survey of benefits and weaknesses in this book by the critical, descriptive method. It should be noted that this study was conducted in accordance with structuralist and poststructuralist theories, and this book has been studied in three phases: Methodological, formal, and content review phase. The books in this field, usually, are translated into the Persian language, but this book is an essay, so the purpose of this article is to review this book as an essay book. The most important value of this book is the novelty of the subject. Also, this book has its drawbacks of writing issues and punctuation. Great emphasis on philosophical issues, the extension of the opinion of structuralists and poststructuralists in different contexts of humanities, failure to the presentation of historical philosophy content properly, redundant repetition and inconsistency, are the other flaws in the book include.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Fatemeh Rakei
Abstract
The book Metaphor: A Practical Introduction by Zoltán KÖvecses is one of the multi-purpose sources to show the meaning of metaphor. The 2nd edition of the book was published in 2010 by Oxford University. Ms. Shirin Poor Ebrahim has translated the 2nd edition in 2014, which has been published ...
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The book Metaphor: A Practical Introduction by Zoltán KÖvecses is one of the multi-purpose sources to show the meaning of metaphor. The 2nd edition of the book was published in 2010 by Oxford University. Ms. Shirin Poor Ebrahim has translated the 2nd edition in 2014, which has been published by the Organization for Researching and Composing University textbooks in the Humanities (SAMT Publications). The present research has been done to introduce and study the translated text from various views. In this study, at first, the original version and its translation have been introduced, and the specifications of the translated book with regard to its original versions are studied both from the view of structure and content. The study shows that the translated text as a whole is praiseworthy, and the translator has translated the text attentively and patiently, and the outcome is fluent. Nevertheless, some points about the Persian text are worth to be mentioned. In the present article, the critic has studied the various aspects of the translated book and has proposed some suggestions to be employed in the second edition.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Mahmoud Rahimi; Naser Rahimi; Mahmoud Abedi
Abstract
Despite having been published several times, no satisfying edition of Manūchihrī Dāmghānī's Divan has been produced, and the need for a critical edition of the text is in order. Further attempts and more precise examinations are required to improve the text. This article aims to assess certain lines ...
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Despite having been published several times, no satisfying edition of Manūchihrī Dāmghānī's Divan has been produced, and the need for a critical edition of the text is in order. Further attempts and more precise examinations are required to improve the text. This article aims to assess certain lines by Manūchihrī, challenging the accuracy of the chosen variants from the viewpoint of textual criticism. Furthermore, the authenticity of some lines ascribed to the poet will be examined considering textual evidence. In the process of this assessment, some new alternative variants will be recommended. In order to support the recommended variants, textual evidence will be adduced by utilizing the earliest surviving manuscripts of Manūchihrī’s poems and taking advantage of a number of old sources.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
M.Mostafa Resalatpanahi; Hossien Ghorbanpour
Abstract
Mohammad RezāKhabushāni, also known as Naw'i Khabushāni (970- 1019 AH), a famous poet in tenth century and the beginning of the eleventh century, was one of the indisputable masters of Persian literature in Indian peninsula.The poetry of his poems was published in 1374 by Amir-Hossein Zākerzādeh ...
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Mohammad RezāKhabushāni, also known as Naw'i Khabushāni (970- 1019 AH), a famous poet in tenth century and the beginning of the eleventh century, was one of the indisputable masters of Persian literature in Indian peninsula.The poetry of his poems was published in 1374 by Amir-Hossein Zākerzādeh and the efforts of Ahmad Karami by Mā publication in Tehran. In this print, there are many shortcomings, distortions, weaknesses, and mistakes that often result from possible defects in handwriting or bad readiness and timeliness. These same factors have reduced the accuracy of this print and the poetry’s Naw'i that go away from the accuracy and eloquence.With the help of the older and more authoritative handwritten copies of the Divān, some of the mistakes in the poet’s poem can be corrected and revised.This research is a critical analysis and survey and checking of some of his poems, in which the writers criticized the abundance of his verses by holding two handwritten copies of the court of this poet and comparing it with the text of the Divan And have concluded that the current edition of the Divān has been taken without the use of scientific methods of correction and in no way worthy and deserving of this poet is not capable.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Ali Soleimani; Mohammad reza Movahedi
Abstract
This essay is devoted to the review of the fifth book entitled “Comprehensive Description of Mathnavi Manavi”. Naturally, reviewing and analyzing all 4238 verses of this book is more than the capacity of an article. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to show a brief picture of the shortcoming ...
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This essay is devoted to the review of the fifth book entitled “Comprehensive Description of Mathnavi Manavi”. Naturally, reviewing and analyzing all 4238 verses of this book is more than the capacity of an article. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to show a brief picture of the shortcoming of this work by classifying the main reasons for the existing perceptions of the work and bringing one or more related examples. The author in this work relies on two important factors, named “the context of the verses” and “the use of own context sign of Mathnavi”. We have found, despite the great efforts of the respected collector, that this work has significant shortcomings such as: not having the relationship between the meaning and vertical pivot of the verses, rejecting the correct explaining of other exegetes, unrelated explanation inside the brackets with the original purpose of the verse, disregarding the connection between two hemistichs, and wrong reading of verses, etc. The existence of these things has made some meaning of verses inconsistent with the original intentions of Rumi in Mathnavi, and empty space of proper description of Mathnavi is felt.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Elham Sayyedan
Abstract
The present study investigates the effectiveness of the headlines of such lessons as “writing and editing styles” and “editing workshop” (1) and (2) in curricula presented in BA course of Persian language and literature. These are amongst the most applied lessons in the Persian ...
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The present study investigates the effectiveness of the headlines of such lessons as “writing and editing styles” and “editing workshop” (1) and (2) in curricula presented in BA course of Persian language and literature. These are amongst the most applied lessons in the Persian language and literature major that, while they improve the writing skills of the university students, they prepare them for fitting new occupational grounds whereas it seems according to the indices set by the lesson planning council that these lessens need revisions. The present study considers the indices proposed by the supreme lesson planning council to criticize and investigate the aforesaid lessons. The indices are: being up-to-date and responsive to the society needs, setting the ground for the emergence of the creativities, being in proportion to the program’s components, being coordinated with the strategic documents and plans, and being attentive to the real nature of the course. The study results indicated that these indices have not been correctly observed in the codification of the curriculum, and the existent programs have shortfalls and problems. No attention has been paid to the prerequisites, and the lessons have overlaps, and this has caused the macro-structure of the headlines to lack the required proportion. Moreover, no emphasis has been made on the learning activities contributing to the fostering of creativity. Another problem of the lessons is lack of attention paid to the strategic documents and programs, including the supervisory role of the Persian language and literature academy, and there is also no attention paid to the materials and contents of headlines to the enactments by the academy, including Persian writing styles, word choice, etc. Investigation of the materials and topics in terms of newness and being up-to-date is reflective of the structural, content-related, and lingual problems of the introduced materials in terms of not being recent; hence, a need is felt for revision of the existing headlines and materials.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Hashem Sadeghi Mohsenabad; Akbar Heidariyan
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the descriptive glossary of Khaghani Sherwani’s book of poems written by Rasoul Chehrghani. Successful glossaries, to some extent, have been published about Khaghani Sherwani’s book of poems, before this work. Thus, this glossary has tried to make some new ...
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This study aimed to investigate the descriptive glossary of Khaghani Sherwani’s book of poems written by Rasoul Chehrghani. Successful glossaries, to some extent, have been published about Khaghani Sherwani’s book of poems, before this work. Thus, this glossary has tried to make some new points on ignored issues in previous glossaries and shed elucidatory light on the complex poems. In addition to discussing the general features of this work and analyzing its structural features, its merits, drawbacks, and content requirements were also analyzed. The book under study was analyzed for the content mistakes at two levels: structural and formal analysis. Moreover, it was found that the reliability of the work under study was significantly decreased due to disregard for new research findings, the lack of consideration of some punctuation marks, incorrect entries, inconsistencies of entries and descriptions, the lack of use of primary sources, and mistakes as a result of the hasty publication process. Finally, some suggestions were made to improve the quality of the book.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Mohammad Aalizadeh Meresht; Ghodsieh Rezvanian; Samaneh Jafari
Abstract
In the curriculum of Iran, the Persian Literature lessons and its textbooks play a significant role. At the same time, poetry is very important in Persian literature. For these reasons, this paper intends to describe analytically the Persian Literature books of this period in a quantitative and qualitative ...
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In the curriculum of Iran, the Persian Literature lessons and its textbooks play a significant role. At the same time, poetry is very important in Persian literature. For these reasons, this paper intends to describe analytically the Persian Literature books of this period in a quantitative and qualitative way to examine the status of poetry and the intellectual and aesthetic approaches of the selected poems. We want to know if the poems in these books have the ability to portray an appropriate, transcendent, and realistic picture of Persian poetry in students’ minds. The results indicate that the books in question are mostly prose-based. The selected poems are mostly devoted to epic, patriotic and revolutionary literature, and from an intellectual and aesthetic point of view, they may not be attractive enough to encourage students to read and enjoy textbooks in class. Due to the inappropriate distribution of poems in literary genres, styles of poetry, poetry formats, and poems of Persian books, this course does not show the correct face of Persian poetry to the audience. In terms of the status of the poets and their works, there are also many criticisms of the three books. Therefore, this study emphasizes the necessity of revising and modifying the textbooks studied.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Sepideh Abdolkarimi
Abstract
The present article is the result of a critical look at the book “Verb Valency and Basic Constructions of Sentences in Modern Persian; a Survey based on Dependency Grammar Theory” which is written by Dr. Omid Tabibzadeh in eight chapters. Due to the fact that the dependency approach to grammar ...
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The present article is the result of a critical look at the book “Verb Valency and Basic Constructions of Sentences in Modern Persian; a Survey based on Dependency Grammar Theory” which is written by Dr. Omid Tabibzadeh in eight chapters. Due to the fact that the dependency approach to grammar in Iran has gained less attention than other grammatical approaches, the lack of the presence of such a book in Persian, introducing this grammatical approach to language researchers interested in this approach, was strongly felt. For this reason, author’s attempt is admirable. One of the challenges the author has faced has been equivalent choices for technical terms in the named approach, and the absence of books in this field in Persian has resulted in the present situation which is the lack of Persian sources in Dependency Grammar. Because of the mentioned lack, sometimes we face a variety of technical terms, ambiguous definitions, and counterexamples in traditional grammars. Therefore, this article is the introduction of the book, its chapters, its strong points, and also its weak points.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Yadollah Nasrollahi
Abstract
Negaresh and Virayesh is a valuable work of Ahmad Samii (Gilani) which has been a student book, and a resource for students k for many years in teaching writing and spelling. The numerous prints and a large number of reprints have proved it to be of great interest to readers and ...
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Negaresh and Virayesh is a valuable work of Ahmad Samii (Gilani) which has been a student book, and a resource for students k for many years in teaching writing and spelling. The numerous prints and a large number of reprints have proved it to be of great interest to readers and audiences. The book has two main parts: Writing and Editing, in which Samii Gilani has explained and argued as much as possible, citing evidence and arguments. The major errors and slips found in the first section (writing) of the work are: lack of introduction, section titles in sentence form, inconsistent paragraph organization, insertion and explanation of non-writing entries; research paper, reference, definition section. They do not seem appropriate to the writing effect. Editing section errors (mentioning linguistic errors) include: not giving sufficient reasons for enumerating linguistic errors (editing language), insisting on the contradiction of word spellings, separation in spelling contradicting spelling words with the Farsi script. This article seeks to cite as much as possible the evidence of the work. The research method of this paper is comparative, analytical, and critical, the evidence of which is gathered through documentary and invoice method.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Davood Vaseghi; Mohammad Reza Najarian
Abstract
So far, many books have been written about the poems and thoughts of Moulana Jalal Al-Din. Scholars and researchers have studied his books from different perspectives. One of the books published in this area is entitled “Moulana and Some Stories from Masnavi” by Sirous Shamisa. This study ...
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So far, many books have been written about the poems and thoughts of Moulana Jalal Al-Din. Scholars and researchers have studied his books from different perspectives. One of the books published in this area is entitled “Moulana and Some Stories from Masnavi” by Sirous Shamisa. This study is a criticism of the book “Moulana and Some Stories from Masnavi” based on the mystic tradition of Moulana’s method. In the sections entitled “the biography of the followers of Moulana’s method”, “issues on mystic topics”, and “rhetorical issues”, “issues on interpretation, allegories and stories” and “issues on the thoughts of Moulana and the modern man”, the authors have analyzed and investigated the book and used the ideas of other researchers in the field in order to explain the issues better. This book has been written innovatively and has opened new doors to the studies of Moulana using modern modes in humanities. Despite all the positive points, some points that the book author has mentioned on the biography of Moulana, as well as the mystic topics, are in contradiction with the main sources of research on Moulana, the mystic tradition of Moulavi, and the ideas of other researchers in the field.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Abbas Vaezzadeh
Abstract
Plagiarism is one of the most unethical research damage that is nowadays growing in our academic research. The purpose of this article is to examine various aspects of plagiarism in academic articles as the most prominent representative of academic studies, and in particular the academic articles of ...
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Plagiarism is one of the most unethical research damage that is nowadays growing in our academic research. The purpose of this article is to examine various aspects of plagiarism in academic articles as the most prominent representative of academic studies, and in particular the academic articles of the Persian literature field. For this purpose, plagiarism is firstly defined by mentioning some examples of it in the academic articles of Persian literature. Moreover, in the future, the authorities, factors, and motives behind the plagiarism of research articles are investigated. Finally, strategies for the prevention of plagiarism and retraction of pirated articles in journals of the Persian literature field are offered. This article focuses on the inhibiting role of "plagiarism checker software" (in pre-publication), "review articles" by researchers and experts to study history (perspicacious eyes) is written in different fields of study and the publication of these articles by academic journals, retraction of stuffed articles and the cancellation of their score, as practical solutions in this regard stresses.
