Sociology
Somayye Hajiesmaeili; Reza Habibi
Abstract
A textbook has a central role in the education system, and it is one of the most important tools for learning in all levels of education. One of the important ways to improve textbook is to critique and evaluate them. “Sociology of Gender with an Islamic Approach”, written by Hossein Bostan, ...
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A textbook has a central role in the education system, and it is one of the most important tools for learning in all levels of education. One of the important ways to improve textbook is to critique and evaluate them. “Sociology of Gender with an Islamic Approach”, written by Hossein Bostan, has been prepared for master’s degree and PhD students in women’s studies and sociology in university and seminary. The author’s scientific rank, the novelty of book’s subject and its educational approach make it worthy of criticism. This descriptive-analytical article seeks to answer the question of what the advantages and disadvantages of this book as a textbook are. Research findings indicate that this book, despite having significant advantages like scientific strength, innovation, content validity and fluent writing, suffers from serious problems in methodology, content, structure and organization of courses, and it is far from good standard.
Sociology
Saleheh KHodadadi; Mohsen Badreh; Roya Poortaghi
Abstract
This article is an analytical critique of Kamail Ahmadi’s A House on Water; A Comprehensive Research on Engagement Intimacy Contract (Sighe Mahramiat) and Temporary Marriage (2019) from a -social science viewpoint with an emphasis on the methodology. Having organized this critique generally in ...
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This article is an analytical critique of Kamail Ahmadi’s A House on Water; A Comprehensive Research on Engagement Intimacy Contract (Sighe Mahramiat) and Temporary Marriage (2019) from a -social science viewpoint with an emphasis on the methodology. Having organized this critique generally in two dimensions, including formal and content critiques, the authors criticize the content methodologically in two parts: 1) content review; 2) methodological. The first part counts the problem, which finds according to general method logics, and the other part concentrates on criticizing this research using respectively qualitative and quantitative methodological criteria. Form and content evaluation of the book reveals that despite enjoying positive and attention-worthy aspects such as studying a challenging and common subject and spreading the domain of the study to several important cities of the country, the study lacks methodological and coherence of academic research in general and various methodological shortcomings especially in qualitative and quantitative aspects make its results be regarded as authentic and reliable. According to the results, the necessity of extensive studies with observing methodological principles towards temporary marriage issue has been felt.
Sociology
Masoud Zare Mehrjardy; Ali Yousofi; Saeideh Mirabi
Abstract
Foucault’s theoretical foundations have often undergone significant rotations. Foucault’s commentators usually divide his scientific period into the duality of archeology-genealogy or the triad of archeology-genealogy-ethics. In this paper, Foucault’s archeology was analyzed through ...
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Foucault’s theoretical foundations have often undergone significant rotations. Foucault’s commentators usually divide his scientific period into the duality of archeology-genealogy or the triad of archeology-genealogy-ethics. In this paper, Foucault’s archeology was analyzed through a meta-theoretical approach based on a combined model. This model is a selection of Ritzer’s meta-theoretical logic (including four external-social, internal-social, external-intellectual, and internal-intellectual approaches) and Chalabi’s conceptual package (including four analytical elements of theory including theory-building equipment, theoretical claims range, theoretical functions, and Theoretical construction). The results show that although archeology is less important to researchers than genealogy; however, in addition to being an efficient theoretical approach to historical, sociological research, it provides a different perspective on society, history, knowledge, and knowledge; It is also a methodological approach with separate guidelines and with a fluid and flexible structure that can be used effectively in dynamic sociological, historical research and make it dynamic. The most important criticisms of archaeology are the neglect of political and historical complexities, the failure of the archaeology of knowledge as the subject of succession to epistemology, and philosophical vacuum and refusal to search for a meaningful source for restoring the scattered historical determination of human.
Sociology
Seyed Saeed Zahed
Abstract
This article reviews the Reality and the Method of Explaining Human Action in the Framework of the Islamic Philosophy: A Fundamental Theory in the Humanities book. To reach the Islamic civilization, the necessity for producing Islamic social science and humanities became obvious after Islamic Revolution. ...
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This article reviews the Reality and the Method of Explaining Human Action in the Framework of the Islamic Philosophy: A Fundamental Theory in the Humanities book. To reach the Islamic civilization, the necessity for producing Islamic social science and humanities became obvious after Islamic Revolution. Accordingly, several approaches were developed by different experts. One of them is to produce Islamic social science on the basis of Islamic Philosophy. The reviewed book tries to develop Islamic Humanities philosophy according to Molla Sadra’s philosophy. Unfortunately, the writer, assuming 'human action' as the subject of the social science and humanities, uses the Sadra’s philosophy to introduce a new Islamic social science and humanities philosophy. There are four well-designed chapters in the book. Starting form philosophy of the philosophy of Islamic humanities, the writer analyzed 'human action fact' according to an assumed framework of Sadra’s philosophy. Fundamental philosophic assumptions are presented in the third and some methodological findings in the last chapter. However, the writings need to be reviewed according to Persian literature; some new understandings have been resulted. The necessity of Islamic social science, the multiplicity of individual, society, social science and humanities, the importance of agency and structure according to Molla Sadra’s view, and gradual evolution of them are the findings of the book. Meanwhile, the book produces some valuable lights and shades on analyzing individual, society and social science using Molla Sadra’s philosophy.
Sociology
Hamid Ebadollahi Chanzanaq; Hadi Qolipur
Abstract
The celebrated German sociologist, Norbert Elias, in his magnum opus, Uber den Prozess der Zivilisation, through a long-term social-historical analysis, recasts the processual configurations of manners since Renaissance, searching how the Europeans came to be known 'civilized.' A group of renowned scholars ...
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The celebrated German sociologist, Norbert Elias, in his magnum opus, Uber den Prozess der Zivilisation, through a long-term social-historical analysis, recasts the processual configurations of manners since Renaissance, searching how the Europeans came to be known 'civilized.' A group of renowned scholars of Elias, then his editors of the English translation, edited the Edmund Jephcott’s fine translation in 1999, The Civilizing Process, and put the long introduction written by Elias thirty years after the first publication, in 1968, at the end of the edited version, as a Postscript. The Persian translation of The Civilizing Process appeared in 2018 by Qolam Reza Khadivi. We seek to do a contrastive analysis based on the Persian translation of the English version, whilst Khadivi claims he has translated from the original German text. The available Persian translation is incomplete since the preface, first volume, postscript, appendix, and most of the author’s notes have not been translated yet. As our scrutiny shows, the Persian translation of The Civilizing Process has so many formal problems, it lacks consistency and does not pursue a good norm of wordage, in addition to numerous written and editorial mistakes.
Sociology
Mohammad Abbaszadeh; Farhad Shamsi Matanagh
Abstract
Among the common themes of the social sciences in Iran, the subject of time has been neglected in spite of its importance, and the poverty of the theoretical literature of sociology around time is quite evident with regard to the books and articles published. In this situation, translating this book ...
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Among the common themes of the social sciences in Iran, the subject of time has been neglected in spite of its importance, and the poverty of the theoretical literature of sociology around time is quite evident with regard to the books and articles published. In this situation, translating this book into Persian, regardless of its translation defects, is a commendable and valuable work. The focus of this book is on the interrelationships between the concepts of time, consumption, daily life, psychological, social, and cultural factors, and the place of capitalism. Most of its articles have been written with a focus on behavioral theory and simultaneous involvement of micro and macro levels. By questioning the universal understanding of time and benefiting from comparative ethnography and historical analysis, the book is skeptical of common concepts such as traditional equilibrium and turbulent modernity. The experience of time is not shaped by external forces, but by time, being constantly reproduced and transformed by the sequence and timing of daily action. Many and probably most of the processes and actions involved in making time involve the use of things and consumption. The culture of commercial consumption plays an active role in creating value-time regimes.
Sociology
Seyyed Ahmad Askari; Ehsan Shahghasemi
Abstract
The emergence of the “cyberspace” and the simultaneous expansion of information and communication industries have brought about huge changes in classical concepts and social and cultural structures. One of the works that has studied this subject and issues of cyberspace in Iran has been the ...
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The emergence of the “cyberspace” and the simultaneous expansion of information and communication industries have brought about huge changes in classical concepts and social and cultural structures. One of the works that has studied this subject and issues of cyberspace in Iran has been the book Cyberspace; The Society and Culture by Seyed Abolhassan Firouzabadi, who is the head of the Iranian National Center of Cyberspace and one of the key Iranian policymakers for the Internet in Iran. This article has endeavored to review and introduce this work and then tap into the fundamental discussions on the cyberspace, culture and power to re-review and re-read it and bring examples to show this book needs theoretical and methodological improvements. On the surface, the book lacks a complete content list and a final conclusion section; works cited are dated, and there are some word usages. The book also suffers from a lack of scrutiny, and structurally speaking, the book is fragmented and loosely.
Sociology
Fatemeh Ghasempour
Abstract
Friedan’s book is one of the most important feminist works in importance and impact, as well as the Waltoncroft Women’s Rights and the Second Gender of Simon de Beauvoir. This book, an attempt to identify the “anonymous problem” as Friedan describes it, has had a significant impact ...
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Friedan’s book is one of the most important feminist works in importance and impact, as well as the Waltoncroft Women’s Rights and the Second Gender of Simon de Beauvoir. This book, an attempt to identify the “anonymous problem” as Friedan describes it, has had a significant impact on the formation of the second wave of feminism. In this book, Friedan examines the causative factors and consequences of the “anonymous problem” and then presents his solution to this problem. The factors causing this problem are both influenced by existing scientific theories and the dominant discourse of American society in the fifth decade of the 20th century. Friedan states that women under the semantic system of that time had perceived femininity as the most important factor in their identity and had been able to perform family roles with all vigor, but the important issue was that they were not satisfied with the situation and that this problem was not satisfying for them. In fact, this book seeks to invite women into the public sphere and enjoy the same social benefits as men. The book’s evaluation shows that the author of this work seeks to create a metaphor for solving women’s problems without this being an all-encompassing issue and focusing on urban middle-class women, providing a strategy for all women.
Sociology
Mahsa Larijani; Khadijeh Safiri
Abstract
An introduction to research in family sociology in Iran has been written by Abbas Abdi with the aim of studying the evolution of the family and emphasizing the research dimension of the family. The purpose of this article is to examine the various dimensions of this book with a critical approach that ...
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An introduction to research in family sociology in Iran has been written by Abbas Abdi with the aim of studying the evolution of the family and emphasizing the research dimension of the family. The purpose of this article is to examine the various dimensions of this book with a critical approach that is based on the conventional pattern of critical essays. The findings of the present article show that the criticisms of the book are in informal, structural and content areas, the most important of which include the lack of objective examples of claims and theories, lack of up-to-date sources, poor demographic analysis and lack of focus on topics such as the Ethics roots of the family and so on. Accordingly, this article, focusing on the formal and content dimensions of the work and relying on research citations, has tried to add to the richness of the book’s topics.
Sociology
Behrouz Muhammadi Munfared
Abstract
The book Utopia of Tamsmour is one of the most important and influential works, which has also been a platform for writing later utopias. Therefore, the analysis and critique of this book are of special importance. The aim of the present study is to lay the groundwork for the introduction of the ideal ...
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The book Utopia of Tamsmour is one of the most important and influential works, which has also been a platform for writing later utopias. Therefore, the analysis and critique of this book are of special importance. The aim of the present study is to lay the groundwork for the introduction of the ideal utopia - with the help of the critique of the undesirable utopia.This research, in the first step, presents a descriptive report of Thomas’s Utopia and the conditions affecting the writing of this book. In the second step, he will review his content.
Sociology
Niloofar Hashemi; Mohammad Saeid Zokaei
Abstract
It is not possible to address the issue of the environment in an empty space, especially when the environmental challenges such as climate change can only be analyzed and explained on a global scale. Nowadays, the concept of globalization is very interesting for the social theorists, and over time the ...
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It is not possible to address the issue of the environment in an empty space, especially when the environmental challenges such as climate change can only be analyzed and explained on a global scale. Nowadays, the concept of globalization is very interesting for the social theorists, and over time the fundamental challenges of “question about its existence or non-existence” have steadily increased. This article will take a look at one of the most diverse ideas in this field, the concept of Ulrich Beck’s cosmopolitanism, with an emphasis on its ecological dimensions, which he considers to be a worthy alternative to the concept of globalization, and goes so far as to it re-creates a different frame of reference for contemporary sociology. The article deals with the description of Beck’s ideas on the concept of global risk society and its characteristics, the fundamental differences between globalization and cosmopolitanism, the cosmopolitanism process and the sociology of cosmopolitanism, and finally, a brief look at several critiques of his theory. Then it is focused on comparative research of the ecological dimensions of globalization in the ideas of Harvey, Giddens, Robertson and Beck. This article introduces three novel models of conflict, interwoven, and subset between environmental discourse and economic discourse.
Sociology
Vakil ahmadi
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
The “Sociology of Stratification and Social Inequalities by Rasoul Rabani and Abraham Ansari was evaluated to improve human science resources. Of the book advantages are the study of social inequalities dimensions including such subjects as women and social stratum, religions and social stratum, ...
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The “Sociology of Stratification and Social Inequalities by Rasoul Rabani and Abraham Ansari was evaluated to improve human science resources. Of the book advantages are the study of social inequalities dimensions including such subjects as women and social stratum, religions and social stratum, ethnics and social inequalities, policy and social stratum as well as two chapters which deal with the case study of middle class in Iran and the USA. The formal generality factors have not been regarded as an educational book in university. The formal and content evaluation show that this book does not meet the needs of a scientific society in sociology of stratum and social inequalities field despite of the third edition because the book is not problem-oriented; it has no theoretical presupposition and methodology, and its content has not been arranged around a main question, and if the book is subject–oriented, it is not an educational and scientific book, so it looks more like a collection of articles.
Sociology
farhang ershad
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 15-40
Abstract
Mannheim’s purpose in writing Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge was indeed to project the basic principles of sociology of knowledge. The fundamental question for him was about the problem of “how men think”. In his book, he argues the way ...
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Mannheim’s purpose in writing Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge was indeed to project the basic principles of sociology of knowledge. The fundamental question for him was about the problem of “how men think”. In his book, he argues the way of thinking by people, especially the intellectuals, in a socio-historical context within which the thoughts take place. So, his book has been the product of the critical historical duration, especially in the agitating time of Hungary and Germany during the years between the two world Wars and the time of Fascism power in Europe. He attempts to find the way of thinking and cognition, but he cannot emancipate from the conditions of thinking crisis in that time. However, he migrates from his home to Germany, and then to Britain under such unfavorable circumstances. Some readers emphasize that this Mannheim’s book is a philosophical work, while he believes that he has attempted to introduce the principles of thinking and knowledge and with his attention to the relation between thought and the socio-historical conditions (as relationism in Mannheim word), he feels that he is keeping distance from philosophy.
Sociology
Maryam Eskafi
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 41-68
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the book "Capitalism, Family and Personal Life." The author's question is how capitalism and feminism differentiate between two public and private spheres in the family. The researcher has come up with a part of the criticism by matching the translated ...
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The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the book "Capitalism, Family and Personal Life." The author's question is how capitalism and feminism differentiate between two public and private spheres in the family. The researcher has come up with a part of the criticism by matching the translated text with the original text and looking at the sources of the subject. Then, by examining the text of the interpreter, she criticized the other part. But in general, the critical thinking method has been used to evaluate the book. The researcher's evaluation showed that, despite the complexity of the original text, the interpreter has provided a thorough and psychological translation of the book; nevertheless, given the fact that it was translated and published in Iran, it would have been better for the translator to include some differences in the footnotes about the West, the Iranian community, and Eastern societies. Despite the historical importance of the present book, given the content problems, methodological problems, facial problems and its very incomplete translation from the original text in Persian, it does not seem to suggest that a suitable source, as a textbook, be offered to students. If this book is supposed to be introduced at university, it needs major reforms.
Sociology
Saeedeh Amini
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 69-83
Abstract
The aim of this article is to critically evaluate Sociology of Revolution and Social Revolutions written by Mohamad Taghi Sabzeie. The author attempts to provide a book for sociology of revolution. In this book, at first, the concept of revolution and similar concepts like coup, riot, and social ...
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The aim of this article is to critically evaluate Sociology of Revolution and Social Revolutions written by Mohamad Taghi Sabzeie. The author attempts to provide a book for sociology of revolution. In this book, at first, the concept of revolution and similar concepts like coup, riot, and social movement have been raised. Second, the process of revolution’s elements (ideology, mobilization, organizing and leadership) was taken into consideration. Then the author deals with the explanation of revolution. In this work, after mentioning the process and explanation of revolution, the consequences of revolution (social changes in post revolution society) have been raised. Finally, in the last chapter, different kinds of revolution like republican, communist, etc. are examined. The most important outcome of thecritical evaluation of this work with respect to the format is the loss of proper equivalence for English words. With regard to the content the loss of logical coherence is observed. At last, the author’s main objectives, which include offering theories about the revolution and paying attention to social revolutions, are not met which the main shortcomings of the present book.
Sociology
Gholam Reza Azari
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 85-109
Abstract
Academic classrooms and the lived experience of university professors have been a major concern for many academic, educational, and training systems in Iran and elsewhere in the world. The importance and necessity of addressing classroom space are a valuable realm that can provide a variety of challenges ...
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Academic classrooms and the lived experience of university professors have been a major concern for many academic, educational, and training systems in Iran and elsewhere in the world. The importance and necessity of addressing classroom space are a valuable realm that can provide a variety of challenges for education experts and managers. Therefore, in this essay, the book "A Narrative of Academic Classrooms: The Lived Experience of University Professors" was attempted by Abbas Kazemi from the Institute for Cultural and Social Studies published in 1396. Using descriptive-analytic analysis, the purpose of the present review is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the book and make it more useful for the subsequent editions without any bias. First, his work was introduced, and then the book was criticized in two aspects of form and content. At the end of the critique, the rational communication approach is considered as a communicative channel for the classroom with the argument that it can take a deeper look at the learning process. In the end, , suggestions are made to eliminate the shortcomings of this work.
Sociology
Mohammad abdolahpour chenari
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 111-132
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is, in particular, to understand and evaluate Robert Dahl and Brackner's book, modern political analysis and in general, to provide a framework for analyzing a text. Today, the conventional way of examining a text with false assumptions, which actually lead to a lack of understanding ...
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The purpose of this paper is, in particular, to understand and evaluate Robert Dahl and Brackner's book, modern political analysis and in general, to provide a framework for analyzing a text. Today, the conventional way of examining a text with false assumptions, which actually lead to a lack of understanding and evaluation, is to presuppose definitions of understanding and evaluation, attention to semantic dimensions, and emphasis on face and content evaluation. But, is it really possible to evaluate without understanding the work? The main reasoning behind this article is that the conditions for the possibility of understanding and evaluating a piece of work, based on this assumption, are that understanding and evaluation are inextricably bound. The context of understanding requires the return of the text to the historical context and the context of the evaluation involves the propositional content. The result of the application of this interconnectedness is that the work has been written in the political atmosphere of "democracy" and "behaviorist" science. The verbs contained in the speech initially confirm the behavioral-oriented monistic methodology, then change into pluralistic affiliation. An increasing propositional content represents innovation in the thematic, political, and methodological context. Decreasing propositional content points to problems in the methodological domain of political sciences. For example, it is not able to provide a valid argument about how to obtain normative propositions from the empirical methods of studying the historical and metaphysical values. Therefore, the understanding and appraisal of political phenomena require Robert Dahl's methodological adjustments.
Sociology
Bizhan Zare
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 133-156
Abstract
The present critique aims to review form, content and techniques of the book entitled Sociology and Education based on theoretical fields and current scientificly accepted standards about the functions and desirable features of a University technical textbook. Findings of this research suggest ...
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The present critique aims to review form, content and techniques of the book entitled Sociology and Education based on theoretical fields and current scientificly accepted standards about the functions and desirable features of a University technical textbook. Findings of this research suggest that this book, in terms of criteria mentioned before, is of fairly good quality. Yet, it is necessary to add some issues in the field of methodology in Sociology of Education and create an enhanced social personality in students, social structure of education and so on to this book. Also, the inclusion of a summary of the important issues by asking questions to develop the thinking and searching of the audience and adding a list of new and upcoming books and resources related to the contents of each chapter at the end of the chapterss can add to the attractiveness and richness of the book's contents. In addition, it is necessary to devote part of the contents of each chapter to the present and future of the Iranian education.
Sociology
SeyedSaeid ZahedZahedani
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 157-180
Abstract
This book follows a political development in the Middle East. After World War II, at the time of the U.S. investments in Europe and the third world countries, development became a subject of study in social sciences. According to Modernization Theories, political development should follow economic ...
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This book follows a political development in the Middle East. After World War II, at the time of the U.S. investments in Europe and the third world countries, development became a subject of study in social sciences. According to Modernization Theories, political development should follow economic and cultural developments. Mostly at this phase, Islamic societies resist development because of its secular, humanist, and experimental sciences bases. Thereby, development confronts challenges in Islamic countries. Articles of this book explain hardships of liberal democracy in Islamic countries and suggest some solutions. They believe there should be negotiations between Iran and the U.S., the top powers of the region, in order to avoid conflicts. Other suggestions are the interpretation of religious texts according to liberal principles, promotion of gender equality, and enhancement of women's' participation in social life.
Sociology
Mohamad Farhadi
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 181-206
Abstract
Poverty and inequality in Iran are two important phenomena the depth and breadth of which have attracted the attention of social and economic thinkers and have been studied from various perspectives. "The Necessity of Fighting Poverty and Inequality in Iran" by Saeed Madani Qahfarhchi is one of these ...
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Poverty and inequality in Iran are two important phenomena the depth and breadth of which have attracted the attention of social and economic thinkers and have been studied from various perspectives. "The Necessity of Fighting Poverty and Inequality in Iran" by Saeed Madani Qahfarhchi is one of these research findings.Reviewing and criticizing these studies are a necessary prerequisite for defining literature on poverty and inequality in Iran. From the methodological point of view, the present paper criticizes this book and provides some theoretical imperatives and a way to complete it. In a critique, this article is not seen as a defect, which provides some suggestions for the completion of this project with an empathetic attitude. After the introduction of the effect of some shortcomings, the chapters of the book are discussed, and in the next step, the systematic analysis of the methodological, theoretical, and epistemological perceptions of the book is introduced.The result of this article is that the approach of the book is more descriptive and does not provide an explanation of poverty in Iran. Accordingly, the book does not introduce the category of inequality and its causes and reasons in Iran. The lack of a deliberate look and a definite stance on poverty and inequality in this book is one of the main points that this article emphasizes.
Sociology
Muzaffar Namdar; Javad Nazarimoghaddam
Volume 18, Issue 12 , June 2019, , Pages 207-230
Abstract
Many of the research works on the Iranian history and culture, while embracing the theory of Oriental Despotism, regard despotism as a feature of Iranian society, and they believe that during the history of Iran, the shadow of tyranny has always been widespread in all social areas of the Iranian community. ...
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Many of the research works on the Iranian history and culture, while embracing the theory of Oriental Despotism, regard despotism as a feature of Iranian society, and they believe that during the history of Iran, the shadow of tyranny has always been widespread in all social areas of the Iranian community. This discourse has considered a decisive role for the government and the institution of politics in the Iranian history and believes that despotism in Iran has prevented the formation of civil and guild organizations. This article tries to criticize this discourse with a descriptive-analytical approach with the library method as well as the study of non-Iranian writings. According to the research findings, the structure of the market institutions, religious institutions, social strata and tribal status in the Iranian society show that the Iranian despotism theory is rooted in the meta-narratives or the great theory of Oriental Despotism and Asian Production which does not correspond to the historical facts of Iran.
Sociology
Mohmmadreza Iranmanesh
Abstract
Iranians’ controversial ethos have attracted Iranians’ attention for nearly two centuries and led to writing many books in this field. The book “We Iranians” by Dr. Maghsoud Ferastkhah is one of the latest books of this kind that has been publicly welcomed. After demonstrating ...
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Iranians’ controversial ethos have attracted Iranians’ attention for nearly two centuries and led to writing many books in this field. The book “We Iranians” by Dr. Maghsoud Ferastkhah is one of the latest books of this kind that has been publicly welcomed. After demonstrating the Iranians’ controversial ethos and from the perspective of sociological theories the author has tried to present a multilevel systemic theoretical model with scientific look and in order to explain this ethos. In this paper, it is shown that first, the writer’s attempt to formulate such a model has not been successful, and the theoretical eclecticism gives a way to the theoretical integration, and ultimately leads to structured-oriented theories; secondly, the plurality of used theories causes some kind of theoretical disorders; thirdly, the used theories may have been misunderstood, or analyzed, and explained wrongly or paradoxically.
Sociology
Ebrahim Towfigh
Abstract
This article aimed at examining the position of what is often described as Max Weber’s most important work “Economy and Society” in his thought. According to a Parsonian and totalizing reading of Weber, there is a break between an early Weber (a Weber focusing on methodological ...
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This article aimed at examining the position of what is often described as Max Weber’s most important work “Economy and Society” in his thought. According to a Parsonian and totalizing reading of Weber, there is a break between an early Weber (a Weber focusing on methodological reflections on conceptualizing “Historical individual” and “The Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism”) and a late Weber (a Weber focusing on “Economy and Society” and “Interpretative Sociology”); this break is based on a transition from historical individuality to sociology as an abstract, typological and universalizing science. In this text, I want to demonstrate that this transition is not a break but a tension-fraught continuity and that Weber’s thought (both early and late Weber) focuses on the different historical-individual formations of “modern capitalism” and “iron cage”. To do so, I will first review the history and structure of “Economy and Society”. Then, the before-mentioned transition will be examined. Then I will deal with the unavoidable tension in Weber’s thought in order to outline a critical and productive dialogue with him.
Sociology
Bizhan Zare
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to examine and evaluate the book of Education and Development: The New Issues in Educational Economics, compiled by Arani Miner and Sarkar Arani from Nashr-e-Nay Publishing. This book is one of the few works published in the field of economics. The review and evaluation ...
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The main purpose of this paper is to examine and evaluate the book of Education and Development: The New Issues in Educational Economics, compiled by Arani Miner and Sarkar Arani from Nashr-e-Nay Publishing. This book is one of the few works published in the field of economics. The review and evaluation of the book have been carried out based on the questionnaire for reviewing the texts and books of the Humanities Review Council in terms of form, structure, and content evaluation. Overall, the results of the survey show that the book has a decent quality despite some minor downsides in terms of structure and content. However, the need to improve the quality of the book in future publications should be considered in the final suggestions of the paper, especially, in the field of education economics and the impact of human development on economic growth. Appropriate analysis is also needed to reform policy-making in terms of the structure of trusted institutions, and to change their approach to efficient human resource training and to allocate sufficient credits to the book in light of the global experience.
Sociology
Seyyed Saeed Zahed Zahedi; Reihaneh Shahvali
Abstract
In 1970s, Jean-François Lyotard wrote The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge at the request of the president of Conseil des Universities, government of Quebec. In this book, he argues that the conditions of communities have changed. Knowledge and information have undergone the dominance ...
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In 1970s, Jean-François Lyotard wrote The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge at the request of the president of Conseil des Universities, government of Quebec. In this book, he argues that the conditions of communities have changed. Knowledge and information have undergone the dominance of technology in general, and computers in particular. Besides these effects on knowledge, Lyotard has named this the end of the industrial age and mass production, “The Postmodern Era”. In his book, he continues by criticizing the knowledge under the dominance and control of technology. He discusses the incredulity toward metanarratives, the knell of the age of the professor, legitimation of knowledge, as well as narrative and scientific knowledge. “The Postmodern condition” is in a sense a forerunner of postmodern thinking. Instead of starting from power struggle to maintain the global capitalist system, it starts from technology, and this may be the weak point of this work. There are many different reviews on this report which have contributed to the growth of postmodern thoughts, and it is recommended for all audiences interested in postmodern topics.
