Art
Behrouz Avazpour; Nader Shayganfar
Abstract
In the field of criticism of art, Gilbert Durand has invented five methods, and in this case, he has been directly influenced by Iranian Islam. Despite this, we do not know him fundamentally, we have not translated his works into our language, and we have not addressed them as we should. According to ...
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In the field of criticism of art, Gilbert Durand has invented five methods, and in this case, he has been directly influenced by Iranian Islam. Despite this, we do not know him fundamentally, we have not translated his works into our language, and we have not addressed them as we should. According to experts, one of his works which represents his intellectual system and consequently the substructure of his innovative methods, is a book that, according to him, is in fact an expanded version of a not so voluminous treatise entitled “Journey and Room in Xavier de Maistre’s Work”, the one which its analysis is the main subject of this article: this treatise seeks to explain the new system of thought, conceiving the invention of a new method of critique, mythocritic. In this treatise, based on the system and the method in question, a work by the French novelist de maistre is analyzed. This analysis had three main pillars: literary, psychological, and mythological. There are some criticisms of these pillars which were taken into account in this article. On the contrary, it should not be overlooked that the system in question, analytical mythology, is one of the most applied artistic mythologies, just as the method in question, mythocritic, which is one of the most practical methods of artistic criticism.
Art
Leila Ghaffari; Jamal Arabzadeh
Abstract
From ancient times to the present, the concept of Representation is one of the intrinsic components of Art, and it is considered as an essential element in human definition and perception of Art. Generally, Representation is embodied as the idea of Similarity of artwork, with the real world, which ultimately ...
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From ancient times to the present, the concept of Representation is one of the intrinsic components of Art, and it is considered as an essential element in human definition and perception of Art. Generally, Representation is embodied as the idea of Similarity of artwork, with the real world, which ultimately becomes a transcript of nature. According to Eva Baer, author of the book The Human Figure in Islamic Art, the concept of Representation in different Islamic periods was not the same as what would be meant today. In this book, the author sets different criteria in the Visual Representation of human, and considers their sources in the cultural and indigenous characteristics of original societies. While she has benefited from ethnic-national classification and the diachronic approach, in order to present the process of Visual Representation of Human in Islamic Art. As in this article, after the formal and methodological review of the book, it will be tried to analyze the concept of Visual Representation of Human in Islamic Art based on the chapters of the present book. Also, according to the appropriate cases, the author’s point of view in this context will be criticized and reviewed by referring to the examples and stories of other Islamic literary and artistic treatise.
Art
Marziyeh Ghasemi
Abstract
The history of Persian art is replete with many unique artworks and fine artifacts today reserved inside and outside Iran. Enjoying certain historical and cultural features, such works of art and other traditional handicrafts could be categorized in different groups. Despite large-scale production and ...
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The history of Persian art is replete with many unique artworks and fine artifacts today reserved inside and outside Iran. Enjoying certain historical and cultural features, such works of art and other traditional handicrafts could be categorized in different groups. Despite large-scale production and vast artistic movements, Persian art had not been recorded in an academic, scholarly manner just until the Qajar period. Before this event, the accounts and records left from art of Persia were just limited to artists, not artworks and the related categories. With regard to this shortage, Persian Art would be considered as the first independent research done by a Scot named Sir Robert Murdoch Smith in a period when there was rarely, if any recognition of art and artworks. This book was composed in the Qajar period for the purpose of introducing Persian arts to the South Kensington (now Victoria & Albert) Museum, England. Although some sections and subjects of the book seems quite evident today, or may need revision, it contains some invaluable ideas and information from that time. Furthermore, the book could be regarded as a pioneer in the study of Orientalism which forms the basis of a more extended field, i.e. Islamic art.
Art
Maryam Kamyar
Abstract
A Study of Geometry in Islamic Architecture by Professor Golroo Najibaaghlou is a valuable work in the field of Islamic architecture. This book has a detailed preface, a brief introduction, and five main sections. As it is known from the introduction of the book, this book was originally written for ...
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A Study of Geometry in Islamic Architecture by Professor Golroo Najibaaghlou is a valuable work in the field of Islamic architecture. This book has a detailed preface, a brief introduction, and five main sections. As it is known from the introduction of the book, this book was originally written for a non-Iranian audience. The first purpose of writing this book is to try to moderate public belief about geometry and the stages of compilation and discussion in Islamic architecture. Another purpose is to correct the negative view of the geometric documentation of Islamic architecture in the West, because such a view has created a kind of reluctance to equate the works of Islamic architecture with the great works of classical Western architecture. In addition, Najibaaghlou wants to reject and respond to Western criticism that reduces Islamic architecture to the level of an unedited work. In the final chapter of the book, Najibaaghlou looks at the compiled documents of Islamic architecture from a Western perspective and highlights some of the missed points of geometric sciences, including clarifying conceptualization, recording, and transferring architectural design in the Islamic world.
Art
Masoumeh Karimi; Kouros Samanian
Abstract
It is about a half-century since the intellectual foundations of the concept of Islamic art have been dramatically challenged. This new trend has been culminated after the end of the colonial era, setting the stage for the spread of Islamic thought, the consequent establishment of Islamic Art museums ...
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It is about a half-century since the intellectual foundations of the concept of Islamic art have been dramatically challenged. This new trend has been culminated after the end of the colonial era, setting the stage for the spread of Islamic thought, the consequent establishment of Islamic Art museums in the West, and later, through the September 11 attacks. Simultaneously, the museology became a beneficial approach towards the study of the arts of Islamic regions through which the museum plays a crucial role in creating the knowledge of Islamic Art. Published in 2012, Islamic Art and the Museum; Approaches to Art and Archeology of the Muslim World in the Twenty-First Century was the first in this area. Using content analysis and taking a muselogical view, the current study recognizes the main approaches towards the representation of Islamic Art in American and European museums. The results show that although it is a worthwhile source with main challenges included, it can be criticized in terms of its fundamental approach towards the museum, the hegemony of historiographical point of view, the problematic relationship between some articles and titles, and its emphasis on one or two geographical areas.
Art
Maryam Kahvand
Abstract
With the development of visual communication in the present age, the analysis and reading of visual texts in order to decipher the meanings and express their meanings is of particular importance. Critical discourse analysis, as one of the approaches that considers both the context of the text and the ...
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With the development of visual communication in the present age, the analysis and reading of visual texts in order to decipher the meanings and express their meanings is of particular importance. Critical discourse analysis, as one of the approaches that considers both the context of the text and the social context of the text, has made it possible to study discourses in works of art. The purpose of this paper is to introduce visual discourse or visuality as a way to analyze images, and its theoretical framework is dedicated to reviewing the critical visual methodology, which is an integrated model of Rose and Fairclough methodology. In the process of analysis, the Mellat Bank's advertising campaign has been visually criticized in order to elucidate its visual discourse based on the textual components of the images and the fields of its representation. The structure of technology, the configuration of images, and the social effects of visual components are discussed in the sites of the text, discourse action, and social action. The findings of the research indicate that the discourse function of this campaign is to highlight the value of money as national and cultural capital and to promote empathy and patriotism in the audience, during which the Mellat Bank changes its identity from a financial institution to a cultural institution.
Art
Jalal Mohaddesi; Hadi Nadimi
Abstract
Relation between Architecture and Religion is a known discourse in Iran. Considering this relation in the context of Islamic Art, City and/or architecture, it is rooted in Oriental and Historic studies inherited among generations of researchers during the past years. The timeline view shows critical ...
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Relation between Architecture and Religion is a known discourse in Iran. Considering this relation in the context of Islamic Art, City and/or architecture, it is rooted in Oriental and Historic studies inherited among generations of researchers during the past years. The timeline view shows critical points upon which the discourse and its context has been shaped, modified, and developed evolutionarily. These critical points could be brought in four main categories which “corrects”, “transforms”, “methodologically” proposes or even totally “rejects” the background studies and/or established approaches in it. Exploring these critics considering their basics and criteria would help an inducing pathology of the field, among which diverse viewpoints, deductive and/or disciplinary approaches, theoretical ambiguity, inappropriate methodology, etc. could be mentioned. This critical and pathological review may help to analyze and then organize the status quo of the literature although in a passive a priori approach. It seems that an active and a posteriori approach would lead to a better methodology in research. Considering the “Relation” and the multidisciplinary nature of its components as in Art, City, Architecture & Religion (here Islam), an interdisciplinary approach in research is inevitable. The interdisciplinary approach not only hands over criteria for better criticizing the background of the field but also would shed light over the onward march of the research.
Art
Mojde Mokhlesi
Abstract
Reviewing the Persian translation of Umberto Eco’s “Art and Beauty in the Middle Ages” (translated by Faride Mahdavi Damghani), is the subject of this article. The article does not concentrate on evaluating the original book, which is widely acknowledged by those who are involved in ...
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Reviewing the Persian translation of Umberto Eco’s “Art and Beauty in the Middle Ages” (translated by Faride Mahdavi Damghani), is the subject of this article. The article does not concentrate on evaluating the original book, which is widely acknowledged by those who are involved in this field, and just outlines its subjects, chapters, and also its importance. In order to review the translation, the first 25 pages of the Persian text have been checked against the English one, which is introduced as the source of translation, and the errors have been divided into four categories and in each case, in addition to an explanation, the suggested translation is provided, too. The large quantity of errors is eloquent of the necessity for a serious revision to the translation of such an important book, which is usually used as a source by students and those who are interested in art and aesthetic studies.
Art
Mohammad Ali Merati
Abstract
This article takes a critical look at Alan Merriam's book Anthropology (1923-1980), while the history of ethnomusicology considers this work as one of the foundations of the field. The knowledge of musicology and its relation to anthropology after the second half of the twentieth century is somehow gradually ...
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This article takes a critical look at Alan Merriam's book Anthropology (1923-1980), while the history of ethnomusicology considers this work as one of the foundations of the field. The knowledge of musicology and its relation to anthropology after the second half of the twentieth century is somehow gradually tied to the connection between music and Human. This article intends to examine this work in contemporary theories by considering the basic and fundamental axes of “Human Musical”. Probably, the design of some of Merriam’s principles in this book, if he were alive today, would face challenges. The process of this critique will have comparisons in the methods and ideas of comparative musicology that have been revived in the last decade or two with international music associations. But the main focus of this article is the interdisciplinary critique within the field of Ethnomusicology, which believes in the use of theories and methods more independent of the humanities or social sciences.
Art
Mohammadreza Moridi
Abstract
In this article, the most important books on modern and contemporary art in Islamic lands were examined; these studies were divided into five categories: first, the books that studied the art of this region under the concept of “modern / contemporary Islamic art”, second, the books that studied ...
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In this article, the most important books on modern and contemporary art in Islamic lands were examined; these studies were divided into five categories: first, the books that studied the art of this region under the concept of “modern / contemporary Islamic art”, second, the books that studied under the title of “Middle Eastern Art”. Third, books that have followed Islamic art under the title “Arab Art”. Fourth, books that studied the Islamic art under nationalist narratives such as Iran, Arab, or Turkey art, and fifth, books under more general headings such as “Islamic Visual Culture” or Image Policy in Islamic Countries have been studied. Examining these resources is for three reasons: First, it enables researchers to compare approaches and methods in regional studies of Islamic art. Second, unfortunately, in Iran, there is not enough knowledge of the art of neighbors and other Islamic countries; therefore, reviewing the sources of regional art studies enables researchers to get acquainted with the most important sources and researchers in regional studies of art in Islamic countries. Third, by critically evaluating sixty important books in the study of modern and contemporary art in Islamic lands, we do emphasize the aspects that studies less than other aspects in this field were studied, and show the contribution of Iranian researchers in the regional studies of Islamic art.
Art
Mehran Houshiar
Abstract
Content critique of scientific texts and structural analysis of available resources in the field of humanities is as complex as the main nature of this concept. This factor, along with unfamiliarity with the basics of critique and the culture of critically in society, has made the critique of published ...
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Content critique of scientific texts and structural analysis of available resources in the field of humanities is as complex as the main nature of this concept. This factor, along with unfamiliarity with the basics of critique and the culture of critically in society, has made the critique of published books and texts of philosophy of art and theoretical foundations less done and not accepted. However, criticism in all its structures and types is the most important and effective method for the growth and promotion of human knowledge and today in the most prestigious scientific, academic, and research circles in the world and developed countries to the extent that criticism and its principles are considered maybe they don't care about producing new sciences. The book “Interaction of Language and Art”, which is the result of symposiums of a number of experts in the field of culture, art, literature, and philosophy of the country, was published in 2000 by the Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Art. The book is available to readers with thematic content in the fields of art, literature, and architecture, including fourteen articles. In this article, while introducing the book, reviewing the motivation for holding this symposium and its content structure, an attempt is made to take a critical look at the thematic content of each article.
Art
Azadeh Pashootanizadeh
Abstract
Arab Jinni’s carpet is an example of Suleimani’s carpets. This carpet has primitive images and symbolic motifs. This sample of Suleiman carpets has different characteristics than visual/pictorial carpets. This kind of carpet has a unique form and color combinations that represent the metaphysical ...
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Arab Jinni’s carpet is an example of Suleimani’s carpets. This carpet has primitive images and symbolic motifs. This sample of Suleiman carpets has different characteristics than visual/pictorial carpets. This kind of carpet has a unique form and color combinations that represent the metaphysical world. A non-Iranian man writes part of his book to the Arab Jinni’s carpet. The name of his book is A Buenos Aires Collection: Rugs and Art/Tribal Bird Rugs and Others. It is very important to publish an image of this kind of rare carpet that is not currently in Iran and is not even woven in Fars province. The home country of Arab Jinni’s carpet weavers is Fars province. The research method in this paper is content and descriptive analysis. The knitters of this carpet are migrants of Fars province, and their designs reflect their tribal culture. In different literary and folklore texts of Iran, Fars province is called the land of Prophet Solomon. The stories of Prophet Solomon are related to the religious and geographical beliefs associated with the goddess Nahid and Prophet Khidr. The Prophet Khidr and the Nahid goddess have shared duties, and this has led to their similarity and consistency. Carpets with mental and improvised maps woven in the tribes depict the indigenous and religious beliefs of the people.
Art
Abed Taghavi
Abstract
Argument to Islamic Art is one of the controversial topics in Archaeology and art of Islamic world. Many scholars have written professional articles and books about the origin, function, cognition of art in the Islamic Period. Whatever has caused the definition differences in Islamic art due to ...
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Argument to Islamic Art is one of the controversial topics in Archaeology and art of Islamic world. Many scholars have written professional articles and books about the origin, function, cognition of art in the Islamic Period. Whatever has caused the definition differences in Islamic art due to different theoretical frameworks and various approaches have been studied so far. These theoretical approaches have been important to coherent presentation of artistic phenomena in the Islamic world. The present book is included as a source book of Islamic art cognition that it has been written based on the Historicism approach. The book has tried to show the important events from the socio-political and cultural evolutions in the Islamic world according to evidence of urban-planning, art, and architecture. The investigation of this book shows that the author has presented general landscape evolutions according to local scale despite the expansion of Islamic governments in political authority. Serious critiques include generalization and descriptive presentation of various events in Islamic world, lack of the determined approach in analyzing the artistic phenomenon, over-focusing on the socio-economic impacts on the production of objects. Finally, this factor has caused that other factors to be ignored.
Art
Majid Sarsangi; Sadeq Rashidi; Farhad Amini
Abstract
The book of the Theatre in Safavid Period by Yaghoob Azhand is a work that historically mentions the theatrical performances common in the Safavid period and the origins and backgrounds of these practices, and is therefore of particular interest to historians. In this article, first, by briefly comparing ...
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The book of the Theatre in Safavid Period by Yaghoob Azhand is a work that historically mentions the theatrical performances common in the Safavid period and the origins and backgrounds of these practices, and is therefore of particular interest to historians. In this article, first, by briefly comparing this work with some other works published in the field of history of theater in Iran, we outline its place among these exegetical works and its distinguished aspects. In the following, while reviewing the method of segmenting the method of presenting this historiography and comparing it with the conventional methods of theater historiography, we have criticized this work as a work in the field of Iranian theater history. In the same way, using the theory of performance, some of the species mentioned in this work have been examined as executive types, and their strengths and weaknesses have been expressed. Finally, by examining the general approach of the work in relation to the historiography of the play, the work’s status is evaluated as an academic work.
Art
Ali Sheikhmehdi; Arsalan Moghadas
Abstract
The book Understand Film Studies aims to equip its reader with necessary concepts for film critique; in this regard, the author describes the definitions of aesthetic and film structure, film genres and documentary, and by giving examples and expressing the basic concepts of each one, it aims to clarify ...
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The book Understand Film Studies aims to equip its reader with necessary concepts for film critique; in this regard, the author describes the definitions of aesthetic and film structure, film genres and documentary, and by giving examples and expressing the basic concepts of each one, it aims to clarify the topics. The author presents 10 different approaches for cinematic studies, and then pays attention to different techniques to create the images. The author also indicates the distinction between realist and formalist theoreticians and argues that both approaches are useful. However, the 10 approaches mentioned in the book do not have enough precision and comprehensiveness for film analysis. The emphasis on Hollywood films and special privileges for the director as auteur, despite the subsequent text-based analysis, reduces the updated content of the book.
Art
Alireza Taheri; Batool Maazallahi
Abstract
This article is an attempt to criticize “How Can Art Change Your Life” by Alain de Botton and John Armstrong. The foundations of this book rely on Dewey’s emphasis on restoring the link between the experience of aesthetics and ordinary life. According to Dewey’s pragmatic ...
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This article is an attempt to criticize “How Can Art Change Your Life” by Alain de Botton and John Armstrong. The foundations of this book rely on Dewey’s emphasis on restoring the link between the experience of aesthetics and ordinary life. According to Dewey’s pragmatic thought, if we put art away and then glorified it, or if we were only engaged in the task of choosing the great works of art, and merely reviewing them, we would have to understand the “role of art”. In civilization, we will be weakened. The authors of the book try to descend from the level of the description of art in a situation far from the experience of human life and formulate it in a practical and practical structure. By explaining the problems of the audience in dealing with art, they explain that art as a tool will be able to act as an effective tool against many of the hardships of the contemporary era, both in the private sphere and at the general level.
Art
Samira Arab; Seyyed Abdul Majid Sharifzade
Abstract
It is difficult to speak and theoretically analyze the handicrafts, although it may sound easy. Crafts are a familiar and tangible thing in everyday life, so it would be obvious without any need to know and try to understand them. The book “Introduction to Iranian Crafts Workshops” was compiled ...
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It is difficult to speak and theoretically analyze the handicrafts, although it may sound easy. Crafts are a familiar and tangible thing in everyday life, so it would be obvious without any need to know and try to understand them. The book “Introduction to Iranian Crafts Workshops” was compiled by Fariba Mostafavi in Mehr Nowruz Publications in 2016. Although the book is generally a collection of invaluable high-quality illustrations to introduce to some handicraft workshops, like any scholarly work, it has some formative and content deficiencies that have been attempted to criticize it critically. This research has explained the relevance of the library to some non-scientific propositions that mislead the reader (artists) and move from one research to another. In this regard, the following shortcomings and critical comments will be expressed in each of the following issues.
Archaeology
Morteza Ataei
Abstract
Among the arts of the Islamic era, pottery is one of the most diverse and attractive arts, which has always been considered by archaeologists and Islamic art researchers. Therefore, many specialized books and catalogs have been published in various languages about this art and its introduction in a variety ...
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Among the arts of the Islamic era, pottery is one of the most diverse and attractive arts, which has always been considered by archaeologists and Islamic art researchers. Therefore, many specialized books and catalogs have been published in various languages about this art and its introduction in a variety of ways, many of which have been compiled based on the works of a private collection or museum. The present paper seeks to review the translation of one of these books, which is actually a volume of a multi-volume collection dedicated to the introduction of Islamic artworks in Nasser Khalili collection. A careful review of the translation of the mentioned book, which has been published under the title of "Islamic Pottery", indicates that this work, despite its remarkable print quality and the fluency of the text in some parts, has some serious deficiencies and weaknesses in its translation and edition. From among the most significant weaknesses, serious and numerous problems in recording proper nouns, especially the geographical names and the names of ancient sites, the translator’s unfamiliarity with the technical terms and vocabulary of Islamic pottery and art, errors and ambiguities in translation, and ultimately the editor’s biased and erroneous explanations can be mentioned.
Art
Hamed Fardar; Masoud Soflaei ShahreBabak
Abstract
In this paper, the book of the genre of film, from the classical to the post-classic, has been attempted from different aspects, including the general introduction of the book and the author, the external analysis, the internal analysis and position of the book, the study of its advantages and its shortcomings. ...
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In this paper, the book of the genre of film, from the classical to the post-classic, has been attempted from different aspects, including the general introduction of the book and the author, the external analysis, the internal analysis and position of the book, the study of its advantages and its shortcomings. The lack of genre generation and diversity in Iranian’s films and the need for more knowledge in the field of genre studies have necessitated the publication of more books in this area. For this reason, the author’s and publisher’s efforts to convey an analytical work that examines the process of transforming the Hollywood genre from classical to post-classic and describes the genres of the film in various historical, cultural, political, and industrial fields are commendable. In this text, the author has attempted to highlight some of the main issues of the genre theory in relation to the book and a brief description of the types of published books in the genre, to show disadvantages of the form, translation, and editing of the book, to identify issues that need to be reformed.
