Abstract "The Dictionary of Tun (Ferdows) Dialect" is a book about one of the Iranian dialects that is common in Khorasan province. This book is the result of several years of cooperation between Mohammad Jafar Yahaghi, Rahmatullah Abrishami and Ahmad Armaghani. Of course, the scientific compilation and preparation of this work for publication has been the responsibility of  Yahaghi. In this book, common words in the dialect of Tun have been collected and documented. In compiling this book, as its name implies, Yahaghi has only considered the words of this dialect and has refrained from addressing the grammatical features of this dialect. Of course, there is little information about grammatical features in the book's introduction. Although this book is essential and valuable in terms of collecting and documenting words of one of the common linguistic varieties in Khorasan, the author has not acted following the scientific methods common in reporting dialects, therefore using valuable lexical data of this book is not easy for researchers. In this paper, I examine the words collected in this book and the method of compiling them.

Abstract Criticism and study of literary works, especially those that deal with specific types of literary types and have gained a lot of acceptability among linguists, is of great value. In the meantime, reviewing and criticizing valuable works such as "Mjm'a Al'amthal" Book by Abolfazl Meydani, which was written in the early periods of compiling Arabic literature, to prevent the change, distortion, and destruction of the valuable heritage of proverbs, to collect, describe and explaining such language becomes double. In this regard, the present study intends to provide a more profound and scientific knowledge of this valuable work in structural critique and the descriptive-analytical method. Existence of a coherent plan in arranging this work and paying attention to the expertise and scientific and linguistic ability of the author in framing the internal structure, selection, description, and explanation of proverbs using Quranic evidence, poems, narrations, stories, lexical dictionaries, show the strength of the scientific and citation aspect of the book and a unique style and awareness in arranging the book following the diversity of tastes of the audience and it has justified ignorance of some shortcomings of this work. It has made it a unique work among its peers using its linguistic and cultural backgrounds in strengthening the linguistic, historical, and cultural heritage of the Arab people.

Abstract Feminism is a school of thought that has been found to restore the oppressed rights of women and establish equity with and sometimes supremacy over men. After its pervasion in Western countries, the phenomenon slipped through such Muslim nations as Saudi Arabia. In her novel "Ontha al-Aankaboot" (Female Spider), Qumasha al-Ayan, a Saudi Arabian author, addresses women's problems and the challenges facing feministic movements in her country. Using a descriptive-analytic method, this study aims to firstly investigate the differences between the social structures of western and Islamic countries regarding feminist approaches and secondly to demonstrate the obstacles against the advancement of the feminist movement in Saudi Arabia to discuss social problems women face in that society with emphasis on the afore-mentioned novel. As the study results show, the Industrial Revolution and the subsequent need for women's workforce induced feministic feelings in Western countries. In contrast, such feelings have not found the opportunity to develop in Islamic nations, specifically in Saudi Arabia, since there is not only a fundamental conflict between Islam and feminism but also the normalization of patriarchy in these countries. Moreover, the male-oriented interpretation of laws in some Arab Muslim countries has limited women in different areas.

Abstract The book "Poets of Khorasan Literary Field" is one of the literary excerpts written by Dr. Nasrollah Emami for a course of the same name in the undergraduate course of Persian literature. Given the author's background in academic excerpts, the reader expects a well-groomed book to increase students' enthusiasm for further study of one of the most important areas of Persian poetry, but this expectation is not met. In the present article, the most significant drawbacks of the mentioned book include: not so suitable notes for poems, incomplete selection of poems, incorrect explanations for some verses, changing the tastes of words from poems without any explanation about them, deleting some of the sources referred to in the book description, inadequate, inaccurate or unnecessary description, and editorial and writing flaws have been examined. By presenting these problems, the author hopes that the authors of academic literary excerpts will pay more attention to their writings and dress up the book from the mentioned problems in the subsequent editions.

Abstract "The Analytical History of Persian Language", written by Homeira Zomordi, has been written for one of the courses in Persian language and literature. Has the author been successful in her goal of introducing students to the history of the Persian language? The author of this article has reviewed this book. In this study, there are several shortcomings that can be enumerated as follows: many errors which can be seen in writing and some typographical errors, some of the historical information listed in the book is incorrect, lack of information which causes an incomplete understanding on the part of the reader, adequate sources have not been used in the writing of this book, the various sections of this book are taken from the research of the predecessors, and the author has not played much of a role in finding what he mentions.

Abstract The child's literature must teach the audience the best thoughts and the most ideal goals and concepts in a pleasant way. Poetry, as a part of child's literature, is a good tool for this purpose due to its listening pleasure and extraordinary capacity. This article has been compiled to express the content and structural disorders of the poems of six Persian books in the elementary period. The study results show that the lyrics' theme is more a repetition of naturalism and epic regardless of the message. The presence of some authors in different foundations, repeated use of a poet's poems, repetition of themes, repetition in the format and music of poems, lack of attention to the different needs of students, writing flaws, lack of awareness of the overall development of the child, etc. are a set of factors described in this article. This applied research, using the descriptive-analytical method, examines the order of texts of elementary school textbooks. The content unit is context. The statistical population includes Persian books (read) from the first to the sixth grade of elementary school, and statistical samples are parts of Persian books from elementary school that are in the form of verse. The method of collecting information, documents and bookshops is a question that this research has raised in the idea of answering the problems of a part of the Persian book that explains the shortcomings.

Abstract Today, postcolonial discourse is considered as one of the most important approaches to the humanities, including translation studies. Confronting the hierarchical structure imposed by discourses with symbolic, repressive power to marginalize and take away the voice of the discourses which lack such power has turned into a battle to regain this lost voice of the "other". One of the fighting ways is creating hybrid literature as a part of Resistance literature in which the "other" is present in the text with its own language and its own self without transformation. Along with the creators of hybrid texts, one of the most critical front lines of this battle belongs to the translators who are involved in a consistent challenge as social activists. On one hand with the text and on the other hand with the target community's structure which aims to maintain the existing hierarchical structure. In this article, after having defined hybrid texts, we will try to present strategies for active translators in the battle against eliminating the minority in the world of capitalist discourse, by providing translation examples of the Chicano language, the language of Mexican immigrants in the U.S.A.

Abstract "Sport and Media, an Applied Approach" is a book for physical education students and sports communication enthusiasts, written by Hamid Ghasemi and Loghman Keshavarz. The research method was a critical philosophical exploration based on the critique of educational criticism. The experience and expertise of the authors guarantee readers' confidence in the book's content. The book is valuable for readers and most undergraduates of physical education. Comprehensible and simple text with suitable sentence structure, which helps to convey the message to the readers, is the most valuable point of the book. The book's contents, beginning with the introduction of basic concepts, definitions, and foundations and gradually leading to specialized and applied content and ultimately to the effects of the environment, including culture, rules, and policymakers on media performance, indicate a desirable order and logical relevance of the book's contents. There are some writing problems in Persian grammar due to the poor technical performance of the publisher and the book's editor. It can be a unique book, not only for the students but also for all who are interested in sports and media, just if the form and grammatical structure are reviewed and corrected.

Abstract The book "Intellectuals and Politics" by Mark L. deals with the relationship between politics and intellectuals. More than anything, this book claims that in the subside era of grand metanarrative, enlightenment has ended, and intellectuals cannot be pioneers in changes such as in the past. Layla claims that the leading causes of the rise of totalitarian regimes, ruinous wars in the west, and philosophy politicization is the intellectuals' betrayal. Intellectuals who had great aspirations, but did not reach the desired results. They were mostly involved in hidden aspects of their life, which influenced their thinking and led to the combination of philosophy and practical politics. Thinkers whom Layla accuses are Heidegger, Arendt, Kojève, Benjamin, Foucault, and Derrida. The strength of the book is contextualism, and the weakness is the ethical critique of thinkers rather than a critique of their works.

Abstract Geography has a very important impact on the fate of countries. Land and natural resources can endanger and threaten human beings just as they can bring security and prosperity. Although modern technology has made it possible to control geographical laws to some extent, it is still important in understanding why countries behave. The main focus of the book "prisoners of Geography" is the importance of geopolitics in studying international issues and crises. The author seeks to answer the key question of how geopolitics influences the decisions of leaders and political actors. According to the author, geographical challenges, including mountains, rivers, deserts, and other natural barriers, limit leaders' decision-making in war and peace. In this regard, the author examines the geopolitical conditions of different countries in different geographical regions and, by reviewing the historical past, looks at the future of international crises in light of geopolitical constraints. The Marshall Team has identified key geopolitical issues facing all major continents and regions of the world. The author analyzes the geopolitics of areas with the potential for current or future conflicts. In view of the above issues, the present article tries to introduce the work, critique, and evaluate it on the agenda.

Abstract The process of globalization has created many challenges for countries. Small countries, meanwhile, face more challenges, because they are more influential and vulnerable communities. Researchers have published various articles and books about this issue and have tried to explain the situation of countries in the process of globalization, and their actions to resolve the problems and challenges of globalization. With this approach, the author of the book "The Gulf States in International Political Economy" has tried to explain the position of the GCC members in the international economy in the era of globalization. This book examines and analyzes the actions of small countries in the Persian Gulf to adapt to globalization and global conditions. In this article, with a critical review of this book, we have tried to examine and introduce its strengths and weaknesses. This study shows that the author of the book has provided valuable analysis of the policies and actions of the small the Persian Gulf countries to improve their position in the international economy. But, at the same time, the book has numerous formal and content weaknesses, especially its translated text.

Abstract This article will review the Persian translation of "The Political Philosophy of Niccolò Machiavelli" by Filippo Del Lucchese. Fouad Habibi and Amin Karami translated Del Lucchese's book into Persian, and the Ghoghnos Publication provided it to Persian language readers. In this article, in addition to giving a brief introduction about the author, the organization of the book will be drawn for readers. We will also try to examine the content of the work of the Italian professor of the history of political thought about the French secretary in light of the central concepts in his writing. We begin by defining the author's understanding of Machiavelli's naturalism and pursuing the logical implications of this philosophical formulation until their final conclusions are reached. We will show how Del Lucchese's account of Machiavelli's philosophical thought will lead to a new formulation of the concept of modern politics in his thought. A republican revolutionary formulation that, unlike most of the claims about Machiavelli, turns him into a philosopher of conflict and people.

Abstract The present descriptive-analytical study was an attempt to improve jurisprudential texts and sources to detect the problems in the content of popular Shiite jurisprudential texts used as textbooks in seminaries. Finally, it figures out what contents and materials should be added to the jurisprudential teachings to increase the enforceability of jurisprudential laws in different times and circumstances to prevent practical deviation from religious laws and the application of incorrect methods in the enforcement of such laws. To achieve this goal, aside from dealing with jurisprudential laws and the reasons behind them, which are addressed in common jurisprudential works, jurists are advised to take into account the rationale, logic, and enforcement methods of such laws (which are collectively referred to as "the requirements of jurisprudential laws" in the present article), so that they can organize jurisprudential law enforcement methods concerning their philosophy and rationale and put forward appropriate strategies to prevent the deviation of such enforcement methods from their pre-determined goals and objectives.

Abstract Piracy is the oldest crime with universal jurisdiction to prosecute its perpetrators. In recent years, with the many changes that have taken place in the manner and place of piracy, as well as the way countries approach the issue of jurisdiction and prosecution of international crime defendants, the continued establishment of universal jurisdiction over piracy has been questioned. Therefore, given the doubts that have arisen about the possibility of continuing the exercise of universal jurisdiction over piracy in the last decade, can this principle still be applied to piracy? This research tries to answer the above question by descriptive-analytical method and using library resources. Considering the critical developments that have taken place in various dimensions of pirate attacks, including the use of new weapons and also the relocation of attacks (from the high seas to inland seas and coasts), it can be said that piracy was the first crime in the international arena for that universal competence has been established, but this principle can no longer be applied and applied due to the changing atmosphere of the international community and the elimination of the main reasons that justified its implementation in the past, and alternatives must be sought for it.

Abstract George Berkeley, an empiricist philosopher of the 18^th century, regards corporeal things as perceptions or ideas (subjective idealism) from one side, and from another side, he denies the existence of material things, and he confirms only the presence of the soul (objective idealism). In "Berkeley: An Introduction", Jonathan Dancy, has tried to give an outlook of Berkeley's philosophy, which pursues the analytic philosophers' procedure, contains an analysis of the main constituents of his thought by having a critical view, and shows its prominent and weak points. The significant innovation of this book is in introducing Berkeley's view on scientific explanation as a scientific and, at the same time teleological explanation. He says that he has gotten to this point by reconstructing Berkeley's thoughts rather than just studying these books. This paper aims to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of some authors' criticisms against Berkeley's thought and to show some defects of his analysis. In addition, the Persian translation of the book will be assessed and criticized. 

Abstract "Ancient Greek Philosophy: from the Presocratic to the Hellenistic Philosophers" is a book written for undergraduate philosophy students in the United States. The author's attempt in this relatively concise book is to show that ancient Greek philosophy is not a history of disparate opinions from various philosophers, but rather a coherent line or lines of thought that extend throughout the period. Based on these lines of view, a unified narrative of this period's philosophy can be presented. The author, in particular, follows a line of thought in Greek philosophers' quest for actual knowledge and good and prosperous life that begins with Socrates and continues through Plato, Aristotle, and the late ancient philosophers. After introducing the work and providing a general report on its argumentative content, the current article reviews it primarily in light of the author's approach and goals. It clarifies its place in an undergraduate course on ancient Greek philosophy.

Abstract The present study was conducted to present the technological leadership model of virtual education to promote primary school curricula with a combined approach. The research was a series of exploratory ones. The statistical population in the qualitative sector includes experts familiar with technological leadership. These individuals were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (16 interviews with 16 people and continued to the point of theoretical saturation), and in the second (quantitative) part, a questionnaire was constructed among the primary school principals of the city, distributed in Tehran to 235 public school principals and 215 non-profit school principals. To analyze the coding in the qualitative part and the method of structural equations in the quantitative component was used. In the qualitative section, it was found that the categories were identified in the form of 9 types and 37 concept codes, and in the heart of the six dimensions of the paradigm model as causal causes (3 categories), the main category: virtual leadership technological education (1 category), strategies (1 Category), contextual conditions (1 category), intervening conditions (2 categories) and consequences (1 category) were included. In the quantitative part, it was found that all 6 main research components have a good fit. When selecting managers, relevant managers are advised to pay attention to their technological attitudes and capabilities.

Abstract Contingency management claims that there is nothing as the best universal principle in management. Considering the outcomes of the contingency approach, its epistemology must be analyzed from the perspective of the Quran using the interrogative/ cross-examination [istintaqi] method to express the propositions of the revelatory word in rejecting, confirming, correcting, and completing the epistemology of contingency management as we can eliminate its epistemological shortcomings relying on them. The research findings indicate that epistemology in contingency management is based on objective and sensory knowledge and ignores supernatural causes and factors in explaining natural propositions. The Quran, while pointing to the shortcomings of contingency management, considers the subject of knowing God, human-being, nature, and understanding how they are interdependent, and emphasizes that human-being and the environment affect and influence each other visibly and invisibly, and the,refore human-being must take his/her advantage using networking tools by combining a horizontal view of the relationship between phenomena and a vertical and longitudinal view and their relationship with their creator. The results indicate that the Quran, in addition to reason and empirical findings, emphasizes that the best methods that lead to greater efficiency cannot be presented without revelation.

Abstract Although researchers generally agree on the nature and importance of strategic entrepreneurship (SE), various definitions have created confusion. Also, most exiting measures do not take into account the unique characteristics of this construct. The purpose of this paper is to criticize and redefining SE and its measures. By conducting a systematic review of previous research, we identify similarities between definitions of SE. Balancing is the core of SE concept and successful SE capabilities stressed on balance between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management, opportunity exploration and exploitation, and radical and incremental innovations. In this way, the main section of the papers which are published in the Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal (SEJ) has paid attention to balance strategy and entrepreneurship. This paper reviews three questionnaires that were developed to measure SE. However, only a few studies have used these questionnaires and further studies should be conducted to develop instruments to measure SE.

Abstract The book "The TV Production Handbook" aims to introduce students to digital technologies for producing TV programs and also the presentation of the specific aesthetic of this medium for influencing audiences. In this regard, we confront explanations about technical facilities and how to use them, regarding qualitative analysis method for reviewing and analyzing the book "The TV Production Handbook", and, along with the use of theories of McClellan and Baudrillard in media criticism. Regarding this analysis, the important point is that for the invitation of the audience, and presentation of formal elements to influence, his choice for interpretation is restricted. His deprivation of possible alternatives in the visible image is an ideological aspect of the TV program. Standardization in choosing the visual form of programs and avoiding visual innovations in choosing the shot sizes, camera angle, etc. This can be called depriving the audience of their freedom to interpret the program.