نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار علوم اقتصادی، دانشکدۀ معارف اسلامی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه امام صادق (ع)

چکیده

موضوع توقف و ورشکستگی نهادهای مالی، به‌ویژه بانک‌ها ازجمله پیچیده‌ترین مباحث حقوقی ـ اقتصادی است که عموماً در چهارچوب موازین ورشکستگی عادی رایج در حقوق خصوصی موردتوجه قرار می‌گرفته است. تجربۀ بحران‌های مالی، به‌ویژه بحران 2008- 2009 نشان داد که توقف و ورشکستگی بانک‌ها و دیگر نهادهای مالی مهم می‌تواند به بی‌ثباتی مالی و اقتصادی منجر شود. ازهمین‌رو، در سال‌های اخیر موضوع ثبات مالی به یکی از اهداف اصلی سیاست‌گذاران اقتصادی و اجتماعی تبدیل شده است و نظام خاص توقف بانکی، که به‌اصطلاح نظامِ گزیر نامیده می‌شود، به‌منزلۀ رکن رکین ثبات مالی به جایگاه مهمی دست یافته است؛ به‌گونه‌ای‌که بسیاری از کشورهای جهان به ایجاد یا توسعۀ نظام گزیر اقدام کرده‌اند. در این مقاله ضمن معرفی نظام گزیر نظام حقوقی ایران ازمنظر استانداردهای جهانی این حوزه ارزیابی شده است. یافته‌های مقاله نشان می‌دهد باوجود آن‌که قانون‌گذار در ایران بر اهمیت موضوع توقف بانکی واقف بوده است و کوشیده است تاحدی ترتیبات توقف و ورشکستگی بانکی را از ترتیبات مربوط به دیگر بنگاه‌ها تفکیک کند، ایجاد نظام گزیر به‌منظور ارتقای ثبات مالی و مقاوم‌سازی نظام اقتصادی ضرورت مبرم دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Critique of Banks’ Failure and Bankruptcy Law in Iran and the Necessity of Its Replacement with the Resolution System to Stabilize the Financial Sector in the Country

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Javad Sharifzadeh

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Islamic and Economic Sciences, Imam Sadiq (A.S) University

چکیده [English]

The issue of failure and bankruptcy of financial institutions, especially banks, is one of the most complex legal-economic issues that has generally been addressed within the framework of the usual rules of bankruptcy in private law. The experience of financial crises, especially the crisis of 2009-2008, showed that failure and bankruptcy of banks and other important financial institutions could lead to financial and economic instability. Consequently, in recent years, the issue of financial stability has become one of the main goals of economic and social policy makers, and the special system of bank failure (the so-called Resolution System) has become a pivot point of financial stability, so that many countries in the world have taken steps to create or develop a resolution system. This article, while introducing the resolution system, evaluates the legal system of Iran in terms of global standards in this field. The findings of the paper show that despite the fact that the legislators in Iran recognized the importance of the issue of bank failure and tried to partially divide the banks’ failure arrangements from the failure arrangements for other firms, the establishment of a resolution system for enhancing financial stability, and the strengthening of the economic system is urgent.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Law and Economics
  • Resolution System
  • Resistance Economics
  • Iranian Economy
  • Iranian Law
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