نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی (اندیشه‌های سیاسی)، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی (مسائل ایران)، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران

چکیده

کتاب دروغ/ ارادۀ آزاد بررسی دو سؤال کلیدی و مهم را مطمح‌نظر قرار داده است: 1. پدیدۀ دروغ چیست و چگونه می‌‌توان مکانیسم کارکردی آن را کنترل کرد؟ 2. آیا انسان صاحبِ ارادۀ آزاد است که به تکالیف اخلاقی وفادار بماند؟ نویسنده در تحلیل پدیدۀ دروغ، دیدگاه خود را، از منظری فلسفی، با تأکید بر پی‌آمدهای منتج‌شده از یک عمل (بدبودن نتیجۀ دروغ) بیان می‌‌کند. بدین معنا که نتیجۀ واکنش انسانی در عرصۀ عمل بر کنشِ عصبِ زیست‌‌شناختی تقدم و برتری دارد؛ زیرا در بررسی پدیدۀ ارادۀ آزاد، نگرشی طبیعت‌‌گرایانه (علمی ـ تجربی) اتخاذ می‌‌کند. بدین معنا که بر تقدم کنشِ زیست‌‌شناختی بر نتیجۀ واکنش انسانی در عرصۀ عمل اصرار می‌‌ورزد. نوشتار حاضر، ضمن معرفی دقیق و تفصیلی این کتاب، در تلاش است تا اثر را از حیث ساختاری، محتوایی، شکلی، و روش‌‌شناختی موردبازخوانی انتقادی قرار دهد. بررسی‌‌های نوشتار حاضر نشان می‌‌دهد، نویسنده به‌عنوان یک فیلسوف غیر‌‌سیستماتیک، توانسته است ایدۀ اصلی خود را به‌شکلی نسبتاً منسجم پردازش کند، اما نتایج حاصل از بررسی‌‌ها و تأملات علمی ـ فلسفی وی گواه این است که کتاب از نظر محتوایی و روشی در دام جبرگرایی/ تقلیل‌‌گرایی‌‌ هستی‌‌شناختی در حوزۀ سلسه‌‌مراتب‌‌ معرفتی علم گرفتار شده است. به‌نظر می‌‌رسد رویکرد تلفیقیِ (فلسفی/ علمی/ الحادی) نویسنده حامل نوعی پارادوکس منطق درونی است. این پارادوکس در چهارچوب دو گونه نقد، نقد ساختاری از بطن استدلال نویسنده و نقد برون‌گفتمانی از منظر سنت فکری ایرانی ـ اسلامی موردواکاوی قرار خواهد گرفت. از دیگر نقایص کتاب می‌‌توان به ایرادات نگارشی و ویرایشی آن اشاره کرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

In ontological Reductionism A Critical Review on the Book Lies / Free Will

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Yazdan Hashemi Asl 1
  • Mohsen Shokri 2

1 PhD Student of Political Science (Political Thoughts), Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 PhD Student of Political Science (Iran Issues), Faculty of Law and Political Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

The book Lie / Free Will proposes to examine two key and important questions; 1) What is the phenomenon of lying and how can its functional mechanism be controlled? 2) Does man have free will to remain loyal to moral duties? In analyzing the phenomenon of lying, the author expresses his point of view from a philosophical point of view, emphasizing the consequences of an action (the badness of the result of a lie). This means that the result of a human reaction in the field of action has priority and superiority over biological neurology. What if he adopts a naturalistic (scientific-empirical) attitude in examining the phenomenon of free will: This means that he insists on the priority of biological action over the result of human reaction in the field of action. The present article, along with the detailed introduction of this book is trying to critically review the work in terms of structure, content, form, and methodology. The reviews of the present article show that the author, as a non-systematic philosopher, was able to process his main idea in a relatively coherent way; However, the results of his scientific-philosophical investigations and reflections prove that the book is caught in the trap of determinism/ontological reductionism in terms of content and method in the field of epistemological hierarchy of science. It seems that the author's integrated (philosophical/scientific/atheistic) approach carries a kind of internal logic paradox. This paradox will be analyzed in the framework of two types of criticism, structural criticism from the author's argument and out discursive criticism from the perspective of the Iranian-Islamic intellectual tradition. Among other defects of the book, we can mention its writing and editing defects.
Keywords: Lie, Free Will, Physicalism, Reductionism, Internal Logic Paradox, Structural Criticism, Out Discursive Criticism.

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