Abstract One of the most important subjects for investigation in the humanities, especially in philosophy and theology, is the comparative investigation. Today in many countries, comparative philosophy is an independent discipline that has different especial methods and investigators. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, after the Islamic Revolution, many thinkers tried to conduct studies on the comparative subjects and published different books and articles about these subjects as well as the comparative philosophy itself. Dr. Mahdi Haeri Yazdi is one the contemporary Islamic thinkers that has investigated comparative philosophy by publishing different books and articles in this area. In this article, we try to re-study one of his books about comparative philosophy drawing on a critical approach. The author in his book, “HerameHasti” (Pyramid of Being)has tried to notice to some philosophical problems, comparing Islamic philosophy and Western philosophy and logic. In this article, we try to show that his book has some internal and methodical pitfalls although it has different merits for comparative investigations in philosophy, theology, and logic.

Abstract Michael J. Sandal (born March 1993) is an American Political philosopher and professor at Harward University. He is best known for the Harward Course Justice and for his critique of John Rawls’s “Theory of Justice”. Sandal in his book "Public Philosophy", which is about his ideas in "Morality in Politics" has explained his philosophical and Political thoughts with real and objective examples. In this book, he has tried to lead abstract philosophical discussions into concrete political and social affairs. The author has tried to explain the relationship between ethics and politics in American society with concrete examples. The author of the present article aims to clarify Saddle’s view in ethics and politics as well as his critical thoughts about Rawls’s Theory of Justice.

Abstract This article tries to critically review Modern and Postmodern Philosophers: The End of History by Ali Moradkhani. The topic of Endism is one of many new issues that in the late twentieth century, especially with Fukuyama, has gained momentum in academic circles. This issue has been, explicitly or implicitly, stated in philosophy of modern and postmodern in this book, but the author wants to make clear it under the title of "end of history". This article consists of two parts: The first part of this article refers to the shortcomings of the content of the book such as the style of its writing and translation. In other words, much of the book is a translation of the sources of the book, not necessarily the author’s own ideas. The second part of the article considers formal shortcomings of book such as book cover, table of contents, references, endnotes, etc. We also propose some samples whenever necessary.

Abstract The deontological epistemic approach was a reaction to the foundationalism approach that advocated the existence of basic or self-justified beliefs. Descartes, skeptical of any kind of knowledge, provided the first foundations for such an approach. John Locke and W. K. Clifford expanded it with two different perspectives. Locke, in "The Reasonableness of Christianity" and "Human Understanding" and Clifford in "The Ethic of Belief" attempted to form extreme reasoning approach while criticizing foundationalism and emphasizing the existence of reason for any belief. This view provided a new basis for the acceptance of belief, which emphasized both reasoning and the ethical aspect of accepting the belief. Clifford in the treatise of "The Ethic of Beliefs", by telling two specific stories, while criticizing and praising current epistemology, seeks to show that the importance of ethical consequences of epistemic belief is more than merely justification. His major point of reliance in this path is the link between ethics and epistemology. In his treatise, he criticized the religious rightness beliefs of Muslims and, after Locke, specifically addressed the theory of authority. Clifford's method will face many challenges in emphasizing mere reason of maximum extreme type, and rejection of the particular state of faith.

Abstract Philosophy of Eshraq is represented as new and illustrative thought in the history of Islamic philosophy.  Studying Islamic philosophy is not completed without studying Philosophy of Eshraq. The book describes and analyzes wisdom of Eshraq as illuminating fundamental principles of the Eshraq Philosophy.  The current book describes and analyzes Philosophy of Eshraq  concentrating on “Hikmat  al – Eshraq” book. For this purpose, the author has offered judgments of Sheikh Eshraq about subjects of the philosophy that are considered as Sheikh Eshraq replies to Masha, and he has analyzed them.  In this article, we introduce the book and indicate backgrounds of such books and analyze its content and formal dimensions. In order to do provide the assessment and critique, we indicate negative and positive aspects and suggest some recommendations to improve the book in the subsequent editions.                               

Abstract Islamic Thought 1 is a book which has been written for bachelor students of all fields, and it has reached its 97^th edition. The book seeks to examine three important doctrinal principles, including human, God, and resurrection. But unfortunately the book has not utilized great Islamic intellectuals’ opinions, namely Avicenna, Abu Hamid al-Gazali, Sheikh Ishraq, and Mulla Sadra. The authors of this book have presented their own accepted opinions with theological attitudes and with very weak reasons. When they realized the weaknesses of traditional theology reasoning, and and when they could not provide rational  proofs for it, they drew on some terms  and reasoning of transcendental wisdom, which per se led to some contradictions in represented opinions in this book. The author of this paper believes that this book does not represent any thoughts, nor does it reflectany Islam of great intellectuals like Mulla-Sadra

Abstract Thematic interpretation of the Quranic verses interpretation helps to create a comprehensive and in-depth understanding impression of the subjects of the Quran. The author of the book of Creation in the Holy Quran wrote a case study about the creation of verses with the "School of literary interpretation" method. When facing cosmology theories  and in order to get a better understanding of world necessity and show a faithful reaction to scientific success, he compared modern and traditional interpretations. He used author-based hermeneutic method against text-based without following the specific school, so this work opens new horizons in the interpretation issues. Hence,  reviewing this work with a critical perspective can help to improve its quality. In so doing, , in this paper, after introducing the book and providing a summary of its content, as well as the analysis of the author’s method, some structural and content features are expressed along with some suggestions to rectify the shortcomings.

Abstract Great importance of two fields of religion and morality necessitates the study of their relation. Religion and morality contribute to each other in many ways. However, in some cases, religious and moral propositions seem to be incompatible. Therefore, profound philosophical research is required to investigate possible relations and conflicts of these two fields. Religion and Morality: An Investigation into Types of Morality's Dependence on Religion has studied these issues and since this work is used as a textbook for students of philosophy of morality and philosophy of religion in master's level, it should be critically analyzed. The method we have applied in this article is library research as well as analytic.  First, the necessity of this research has been pointed out. Next, this book has been analyzed in terms of its form, and its advantages and disadvantages have been mentioned. Later, the book has been investigated in terms of its content mentioning its advantages and disadvantages in this respect as well. Finally, some suggestions have been provided for the improvement of this work.

Abstract The logical positivism was the name of radical empiricism that was formed in Viena  by the inspiration of persons like Hume, Russell, Witgenstein and others in 1920 and then entered into England by Ayer via  his The language, True and Logic book.The main claim of this philosophical movement is to exclude metaphysics as a kind of knowledge. Spokesmen and agents of this school of thinking who accepted Hume’s division of propositions into Analytic and synthetical, believed that not only metaphysics but also theology and morals cannot be counted as scientific mental actions. Translating some articles, the writer of logical positivism has tried to represents and criticize its main doctrines like verifiability.

Abstract The present paper aims to introduce, criticize, and survey the Persian translation of  the 4^th volume of The Routledge History of Philosophy: The Renaissance and Seventeenth-century Rationalism, translated by Hasan Murtazawi. The ten volumes Routledge History of Philosophy provides a chronological survey of the history of Western philosophy, from its beginnings in the sixth century BC to the present time. It discusses all the major philosophical developments in-depth. The philosophy discussed in this volume covers a period of three hundred and fifty years, from the middle of the fourteenth century to the early years of the eighteenth century: The birth of modern philosophy. The chief topics are Renaissance philosophy and seventeenth-century rationalism—in particular Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz. This volume has been published 1993 by Routledge and translated into Persian and published in 2014 in Iran. The author aims to introduce these ten volumes,  history in general, and the 4^th one in particular to Persian readers. Then, the content and form of Persian translation has been reviewed and criticized.

Abstract In the present essay the Persian translation of Routledge History of Philosophy: Renaissance and Seventeenth-century Rationalism is reviewed. This work is volume 4 of the ten ones and was first published in 1993 by Routledge Publications. The editor of this book is J. R. A. Parkinson and the  Persian translator of the book is Seyyed Mostafa Sharaeeni with the editorship of Hassan Fathi. It was  first published in 1392 in Iran.
After a brief introduction of the English text, our article is divided into two parts: 1- Reviewing  the formal aspects of the Persian translation, and 2- Reviewing  the material aspects. For both aspects, we compare some pages of Persian translation with the original text at random. Our relative conclusion reveals that the Persian translation is credible, understandable, and useful for Iranian students of philosophy. Experience and expertise of Persian translator and his attention to the philosophical terms are mainly from factors that make his translation  an academic reliable work. Of course, there are some unwanted slips the correction of which depicts ethical tasks and philosophical originality of translator against readers.

Abstract Curriculum planning is based on both macro and general issues as well as on the details, and the type of look at each one will have a major impact on the curriculum development and its quality. One of the most important issues in this regard is the need assessment, setting and limiting goals and missions, as well as the issue of evaluation. The strengths and weaknesses of a curriculum return to the strengths and weaknesses of these issues. Therefore, to optimize each educational activity, it is necessary to evaluate each of its components in order to identify the deficiencies by trying to resolve them. An overview of the curriculum of the Quran and Hadith sciences suggests that there is no serious theoretical precision in constructing the principles of curriculum planning, which may be one of the major weaknesses of the discipline and the cause of not making capable students. Planning with no plans and non-compliance with educational standards will not solve the problem, and it will further become a problem along with other problems.

Abstract As the title implies, The Ethics of Science: An Introduction, is a book on the science of ethics published by the Research Institute of Science and Religion of the Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Science in 2012. The English title is "The Ethics of Science: An Introduction", written by David B. Resnik and its translators are Mostafa Taghavi and Mahboubeh Morshedian. The ethics of science, which is a type of professional ethics in fact closely overlaps with various fields such as politics, society, ethics, religion, and economics. However, this field of ethics is more related to the sociology of science. In this article, the author first describes and explains the sociology of science, and then outlines a general design and an abstract of the contents of the book, and finally briefly reviews the deficiencies of the book.

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Orientalism, Post modernism, and Globalism are important topics each of which has led to the reflection and serious study of a number of contemporary thinkers on various fields of the humanities. Bryan Turner is one of the scholars who has explored these issues in a book with the same title and tried to clarify their relationship with one another. He argues in these series of subjects that not only globalization and post modernism have complicated the notion of "society" and thus challenged the legitimacy of thinking and the coherence of "sociology" itself, but they also affect all areas, including Orientalism. Emphasizing that the main threat to religious faith in a postmodern society is the commodification of everyday life, he urges intellectuals, in the light of the created shifts in the global nature of consumerism, to reflect on the traditional ways in which Orientalism has been discussed. The present article seeks to provide a critical analysis of his views by providing a content description of Turner's book. 

Abstract This article is a critical review of the book “An Overview of the Philosophy of Science”. The importance of this lies in the fact that it is the first Persian book in this field. What we confront in the introduction increases its importance which says “This book can be used as a textbook or even self-study book”. In this review, first, the approach of this book to topics such as induction, methodologies, and realism as well as the weights which are given to each of them and their clarity and ambiguity will be surveyed. Then, some further notes like what is necessary for a textbook and what this book lacks, and  summary of each chapter and questions for further thinking will be noticed. Finally, a conclusion and evaluation of the book and its purposes will be presented.