نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه فلسفه برای کودکان و نوجوانان، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی

چکیده

ارزیابی انتقادی، به‏‏‌منزلة فرایندی فعال و سازمان‏‌دهی‏‌شده، طی چند دهۀ اخیر، به فعالیتی ضروری برای درک بهتر متون علمی و شفاف‏‌سازی اهداف، نکات برجسته، و نتایج و هم‏چنین پویایی مطالعات بدل گشته‏ است. این فعالیت اما اغلب با خرده‏‌گیری، ایرادجویی‏‌های تلخ، و گاه سوگیری‏‌های تند هم‌راه می‏‌شود که تأثیرگذاری آن را تا حد زیادی کاهش می‏‌دهد. ارزیابی انتقادی یکی از مؤلفه‏‌ها یا کارکردهای تفکر انتقادی است. تفکر انتقادی، بیش از آن‏که به‏‌معنای جست‏وجوی ایرادها باشد، درپیِِ نگاه به موضوع از زاویۀ متفاوت است. متأسفانه، یکی از مشکلات رایج ارزیابی انتقادی تمرکز بیش‌ ‌از‌اندازه بر فرایندهای منطقیِ نقد و جداسازی منطق از عواطف است. در این مطالعه می‏‌کوشیم امکان ارائة رویکردی شناختی‌-عاطفی به نقد را بررسی کنیم و به این سؤال پاسخ دهیم که در فعالیت شناختی و ناخوشایند نقد تا چه حد می‏توان مؤلفه‏‌های عاطفی را در نظر گرفت؟ ضرورت توجه به مؤلفه‏‌های عاطفی و ارزشی در حینِ فرایند نقد چیست؟ و در‌این‌میان چگونه می‏‌توان میان تفکر انتقادی و تفکر مراقبتی ارتباط برقرار کرد؟ در پاسخ به این سؤالات، ضمن توصیف تفکر انتقادی و مراقبتی و مؤلفه‏‌های آن، ایدۀ نقد مراقبتی را مطرح خواهیم ساخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Healthy Climbing: The Critical Care Approach

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehrnoush Hedayati

Assistant Professor, Philosophy for Children and Adolescents, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies

چکیده [English]

Critical assessment, as an active and organized process, has become an essential activity for a better understanding of scientific texts and clarifications of goals, highlights, and outcomes, as well as the dynamics of studies over the last few decades. This activity, however, is often accompanied by objection, and sometimes abrupt bias, which greatly reduces its effects. Critical assessment is one of the components or functions of Critical Thinking. Critical Thinking means something more than just looking for the problems; rather, it has tried to consider a subject from different aspects. Unfortunately, one of the common problems of critical assessment is the excessive focus on rational critique processes, and the separation of the logic from emotions. In this paper, the possibility of presenting a cognitive-emotional approach was taken into account to criticize and to answer the question of how much emotional components can be considered in this cognitive and maybe unpleasant activity. The paper has tried to find out What the requirements of paying attention to the value and emotional components during this process are, and how we relate Critical Thinking to Caring Thinking.  In response to these questions, the concept of Critical Care is presented by describing Critical Thinking and Caring Thinking as well as its components.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Critical Thinking
  • Caring Thinking
  • Critical Care
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