نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه، گروه حقوق
چکیده
پارهای از اصول قانون اساسی و مواد قانونی مربوط به تعارض قوانین درمورد تعیین قانون حاکم بر احوال شخصیه در روابط بینالمللی، بینالادیانی، و بینالمذاهبی، که عمدتاً در اصول دوازدهم و سیزدهم قانون اساسی و مواد 5 تا 10 جلد اول و مواد 956 تا 975 جلد دوم قانون مدنی و مادهواحدۀ مصوب مرداد 1312 ش، موسوم به «اجازۀ رعایت احوال شخصیۀ ایرانیان غیرشیعه» انعکاس یافته است، دو مشکل دلالی (سکوت و اجمال) و مضمونی (نداشتن انطباق کامل با موازین اسلامی و رعایت مصلحت اتباع ایران) دارد که بازنگری در این مواد و اصلاح شکلی و ماهوی آنها را ضروری میسازد.گرچه هدف اصلی در این مقاله آن است که با نقد مضمونی این قوانین و ارائۀ پیشنهادی «اصلاحی ـ ماهوی» و جایگزینکردن مضمونی جدید مشکلات دلالی اشارهشده را موضوعاً منتفی کند، درعینحال، پیش از آن تلاش شده است که با فرض پذیرش قوانین موجود، احتمالات مختلف در موارد سکوت و اجمال قانون بررسی شود و متناسب با هر احتمال پیشنهادی «اصلاحی ـ شکلی» ارئه شود تا بدینوسیله غبار سکوت و اجمال از چهرۀ این قوانین زدوده گردد.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
A Critical Review of Some of the Rules Relating to Conflict of Laws in Personal Terms from the Point of View of Jurisprudence and Law
نویسنده [English]
- Mustafa Daneshpajooh
Associate Professor of Law, Research Institute of Hawzah and University
چکیده [English]
Some of the articles of Iran's international private law concerning the conflict of laws,which are reflected in articles 5 to 10 in the first volume and 956 to 975 of the second volume of the Civil Law, have suffered from at least one of the following problems: 1) uncertainty and brevity of some articles and the differences in judicial interpretations: these ambiguity and brevity of some articles lead to different scientific and legal interpretations and therefore, conflicting judgments. It seems that the arguments of the holders of these views are not strong enough to force the proponents of competing viewpoints to accept them. The interpretation of 'reduction of the lower grade' mentioned in article 973 of the Civil Law can be enumerated as one of the examples of these cases. After decades of legislation, the continuation of this situation seems unreasonable. Clearly, the problem with scientific interpretations cannot be solved by convention and consensus like administrative problems. So, it is necessary to solve this problem basically by logical and judicious interpretation and analysis of this case, revision in some related legal articles and clarified rewriting of these controversial articles. 2) The legislation problem: some other articles, assuming the clarity and lack of ambiguity, are suffering from the problem of non-compliance with legislative logic in the Islamic Republic of Iran. For instance, they are not benefitted from full compliance with Islamic teachings as much, and the duty of protecting Iranian nationals is not taken into consideration as well. The single article approved in August 1933 related to the personal status of non-Shia Iranians and articles 6, 7, 963 to 965 of the Civil Code are examples of such cases. This paper aimed at explaining some of these problems and proposing amendments concerning these articles.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- International Private Law
- Conflict of Laws
- The Jurisdiction of Court's Law
- The Jurisdiction of National Law
- The Jurisdiction of Religious Law
- The Jurisdiction of Islamic Sharia
- The Rule of Deception (Taghrir)
- The Rule of Obligation