نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری کارآفرینی، گروه توسعه، دانشکدۀ کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه توسعۀ کارآفرینی، دانشکدۀ کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه کارآفرینی سازمانی، دانشکدۀ کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه کارآفرینی سازمانی، دانشکدۀ کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

کارآفرینی با تبدیل چالش‌ها و مسائل به فرصت‌هایی چون افزایش نرخ اشتغال و درآمد، کاهش جرایم ناشی از بی‌کاری و فقر، و هم‌چنین افزایش خودکفایی به تأثیرگذاری در جوامع می‌پردازد. تحقیق حاضر با رویکرد کیفی به شناسایی موانع نهادی توسعۀ کارآفرینی در ایران از منظر تاریخی پرداخته و به همین منظور، ده اثر مرتبط با عدم توسعه‌یافتگی ایران که ناظر بر نظام برنامه‌ریزی قبل از انقلاب اسلامی در سال 1357 بوده انتخاب شده است و با استفاده از استراتژی تحلیل تم و بهره‌گیری از نرم‌افزار اطلس تی. آی، در دو مرحلۀ کدگذاری باز و محوری تحلیل شدند. طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده ریشۀ اصلی عدم توسعه‌یافتگی کارآفرینی در ایران را بایستی در گذرگاه تاریخ بررسی کرد و مساعدنبودن محیط کسب‌وکار در زمان فعلی تنها دلیل عدم توسعه‌یافتگی کارآفرینی در کشور نیست. مهم‌ترین موانع نهادی شناسایی‌شده در متون موردبررسی در شش طبقۀ اصلی اداری، اقتصادی، اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی، قانونی و مقرراتی، سیاسی، و شناختی ـ شخصی قابل‌دسته‌بندی است که بخشی از این موانع (اداری، اقتصادی، قانونی  ـ مقرراتی، و سیاسی) در طبقۀ نهادهای رسمی و بخشی دیگر (اجتماعی  ـ فرهنگی و شناختی  ـ شخصی) در طبقۀ نهادهای غیررسمی قرار می‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of Institutional Barriers to Regional Entrepreneurship Development (A Critical Approach to Historical System of Entrepreneurship Development Policy Making)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Khodapanah 1
  • Mohammad Ali Moradi 2
  • Hamid Padash 3
  • Kamal Sakhdari 4

1 PhD Candidate, Faculty of entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor Faculty of entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Prof. Faculty of entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,

4 Assistant Prof. Faculty of entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Entrepreneurship transforms the challenges of regions into opportunities such as increasing employment and income rates, reducing crimes caused by unemployment and poverty. Clearly, entrepreneurship development is not possible without efficient institutions that respond creatively and entrepreneurially to local and regional issues and challenges. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to identify the institutional barriers to entrepreneurship development in Iran from a historical perspective before the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Therefore, 12 sources related to Iran's underdevelopment have been selected and were analyzed by using the theme analysis strategy and Atlas T software in two stages of open and axial coding. According to the results, the main root of entrepreneurship underdevelopment in Iran should be examined in the course of history, and the unfavorable business environment at the present time is not the only reason for the lack of entrepreneurship development in Iran . The most important institutional barriers identified in the studied texts can be classified into 6 main categories: administrative barriers, economic barriers, social and cultural barriers, legal and regulatory barriers, political barriers, personal and cognitive barriers, which are part of these barriers (administrative, economic, legal-regulatory, political) in the category of formal institutions and another part (socio-cultural and cognitive-personal) in the category of informal institutions.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurship Development Policy Making
  • Regional Entrepreneurship
  • Institutional Barriers
  • Historical Approach
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