نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار علوم قرآن و حدیث، عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشگاه علوم و فرهنگ اسلامی، قم، ایران

2 استادیار فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

نظام‏‌های علمی برپایة نظریه‏ها شکل می‏گیرند. مفاهیم در زمرة مهم‏ترین عناصر نظریه‏هایند؛ زیرا تبیین و صورت‏‌بندی نظریه بر شماری از مفاهیم اساسی استوار است. نظریه‌‏ها میراث‏های علمی بزرگ و حاصل کوشش انسانی‌‏اند. ازاین‌رو، نیازمند بررسی و نقد هستند تا اصلاح و ترمیم شوند. پژوهش حاضر به خوانش انتقادی چهار عنصر مفهومی «سنت‌الله»، «تغییر»، «دین»، و «فطرت» در نظریة سنت‏های تاریخی در قرآن شهید صدر می‌‏پردازد که در زمرة مهم‏ترین عناصر مفهومی در نظریة اویند. روش مقاله توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است. پژوهش از نظر نوع و هدفْ بنیادی است. داده‏‌هاى تحقیق از طریق بررسى اسنادى جمع‌آوری و تحلیل شده‌‏اند. قرآن کریم و کتاب مدرسۀ القرآنیۀ شهید صدر به‌عنوان جامعة تحقیق و سایر منابع ناظر به اهداف پژوهش، به‌عنوان منابع تبیینی و تکمیلی پژوهش استفاده شده‌اند. نتیجۀ تحقیق حاکی از آن است که مفهوم‏شناسی شهید صدر منسجم نیست و مفاهیم تبیینی بسنده نیافته‏اند. تبیین مفهوم «سنت‌الله» و مفهوم «تغییر» نیازمند ترمیم و تکمیل است و تبیین مفهوم «دین» نیز، با همة اهمیت و گستردگی، صورت‏بندی، تنظیم، و تنسیقی شایسته ندارد. این امر تدوین‏گران مطالب او را نیز دچار مشکل کرده است، چنان‏که نظریه‌‏پرداز دیدگاه‏‌های دیگران دربارۀ مفهوم «فطرت» را که موردتأیید برخی از روایات نیز است، مطرح‏ نکرده است و علت کنارگذاشتن آن‏ها را بیان نمی‏کند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Critical Reading of Four Concepts in Explaining the Theory of Historical Traditions in the Qur'an of Martyr Sadr: A Case Study of the Basic Concepts of Allah’s Precedent, Change, Religion, and Nature

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Bahmani 1
  • Faranak Bahmani 2

1 Assistant Professor of Qur'an and Hadith Sciences, Academic Member of the Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, Qom, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty Member of Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Scientific systems are based on theories. Theories are significant scientific legacies and the result of human effort. Therefore, they require to be reviewed for further improvement. Concepts are among the most important elements of theories, as the explanation and formulation of a theory are based on some fundamental concepts. This study critically examines four conceptual elements: “Sunna-tu-Allah” (Allah’s Precedent), “Change,” “Religion,” and “Fitrah” (nature) in Martyr Sadr’s theory of historical traditions in the Qur’an, which are among the most important conceptual elements in his theory. The method of the paper is descriptive-analytical. The study is fundamental in terms of type and purpose. The data was collected and analyzed through document review. The Holy Qur’an and Martyr Sadr’s book “al-Madrasat al-Quraniyyah” were used as the research community, and other sources related to the research objectives were used as explanatory and supplementary sources. The results of this study indicate that Martyr Sadr’s conceptualization is not coherent and lacks a systematic framework, while the explanation of the concepts of “Sunnatullah” and “Change” requires refinement and completion. The explanation of the concept of “Religion,” despite its importance and breadth, does not possess appropriate formulation and organization. This fact has also caused problems for those compiling his works. Additionally, the theorist has not addressed others’ views on the concept of “Fitrah,” which is also endorsed by some narrations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Martyr Sadr
  • Critical Reading
  • Historical Traditions of the Qur'an
  • Allah’s Precedent
  • Change
  • Religion
  • Nature
The Holy Qur'an.
Akbari, Reza, Mohammad Hassan Shirzad, and Mohammad Hossein Shirzad (2014), “Revisiting Martyr Sadr’s Theory in Thematic Interpretation of the Holy Quran with Emphasis on Gadamer’s Hermeneutical Thought”, Quran and Hadith Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, 37-61, [in Persian].
Bahmani, Saeed (2020), “Critical Reading of Interrogation (Istintaq) and Its Application in Martyr Sadr’s Theory on Historical Traditions in the Quran”, Quranic Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, 29-48, [in Persian].
Bahrani, Mohammad (Sheikh Hurr Amili) (1989), Tafsil Wasa’il al-Shi’a ila Tahsil Masa’il al-Shari’a, Qom: Al al-Bayt Institute, [in Arabic].
Bahrani, Seyyed Hashim bin Suleiman (1995), Al-Burhan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Qom: Bi’tha Institute, [in Arabic].
Barqi, Ahmad bin Mohammad (1952), Al-Mahasin, Qom: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah, [in Arabic].
Blumer, Herbert (1969), “Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method”, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Chinoy, Ely (1967), “Sociological Perspective: Basic Concepts and their Application”, New York: Random House, Eighteenth Printing.
Fadlallah, Mohammad Hossein (1998), Min Wahy al-Quran, Beirut: Dar al-Malak, [in Arabic].
Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2009 a), Adab Fanay-e Muqarraban, Researcher: Mohammad Safayi, Qom: Esra, [in Persian].
Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2009 b), Tasnim:  The Exegesis of the Holy Quran (Sequential Interpretation), Researcher: Karim Abedini, Qom: Asra Publishing Center, [in Persian].
Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2009 c), Revelation and Prophethood in the Quran, Researcher: Morteza Waʻez-Jo, Qom: Esra, [in Persian].
Kadkhodaei, Mohammad Reza (2017), “Methodological Implications of Systematization with Emphasis on Martyr Sadr’s Thought,” Fiqh Ahl al-Bayt, vol. 92, 169-196, [in Persian].
Kulayni, Yaʻqub (1986), Usul al-Kafi, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah, [in Arabic].
Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taqi (2012), Society and History from the Perspective of the Quran, Tehran: Islamic Development Organization, [in Persian].
Mostafavi, Hassan (1981), Al-Tahqiq fi Kalimat al-Quran al-Karim, Tehran: Translation and Publishing Agency, [in Arabic].
Motahari, Morteza (1982), Fitrah (Nature), Tehran: The Building of the Higher School of Islamic Students Association, [in Persian].
Qasempour, Mohsen and Maryam Nazarbeigi (2013), “Methodological Approach of Martyr Sadr in the Subject of Quranic Theory”, Quran Interpretation and Language Research Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 27-44, [in Persian].
Qorbankhani, Omid (2022), “Exploring the Conceptual Components of ‘Interrogation (Istintaq) of the Quran’ in Martyr Sadr’s Interpretive Method”, Quranic Studies, vol. 27, no. 1, 23-42, [in Persian].
Raghib Isfahani, Hossein bin Mohammad (1991), Mufradat Alfadh al-Quran, Beirut: Dar al-Shamiya, [in Arabic].
Sadr, Musa (2014), The Spirit of Legislation in Islam: The Reality of Legislation in Islam, Musa Aswar and Ahmad Nazem (trans.), Tehran: Imam Musa Sadr Cultural-Research Institute, [in Persian].
Sadr, Seyyed Mohammad Baqir (2001 a), Al-Islam Yaqud al-Hayat; Martyr Sadr’s Encyclopedia, vol. 5, Qom: Martyr Sadr Specialized Research Center, [in Arabic].
Sadr, Seyyed Mohammad Baqir (2001 b), Al-Madrasah al-Qur’aniyyah: A Thematic Exegesis of the Holy Quran; Martyr Sadr’s Encyclopedia, vol. 19, Qom: Martyr Sadr Specialized Research Center, [in Arabic].
Sadr, Seyyed Mohammad Baqir (2001 c), Al-Tashayyuʻ wa al-Islam; Martyr Sadr’s Encyclopedia, vol. 18, Qom: Martyr Sadr Specialized Research Center, [in Arabic].
Sadr, Seyyed Mohammad Baqir (2001 d), Bahth Hawl al-Mahdi; Martyr Sadr’s Encyclopedia, vol. 18, Qom: Martyr Sadr Specialized Research Center, [in Arabic].
Sadr, Seyyed Mohammad Baqir (2002), Wamadhat, Qom: Martyr Sadr Specialized Research Center, [in Arabic].
Sadr, Seyyed Mohammad Baqir (2003), Iqtisaduna; Martyr Sadr’s Encyclopedia, vol. 3, Qom: Martyr Sadr Specialized Research Center, [in Arabic].
Suyuti, Jalal al-Din (1984), Al-Durr al-Manthur, Qom: Ayatollah Najafi Library, [in Arabic].
Tabarsi, Fazl bin Hassan (1993), Majmaʻ al-Bayan, Corrected by Fazlollah Yazdi Tabatabaei and Hashem Rasuli, Tehran: Nasir Khosrow, [in Arabic].
Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad Hossein (1996), Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran, Qom: The Society of Seminary Teachers, [in Arabic].
Tarihi, Fakhr al-Din bin Mohammad (1996), Majmaʻ al-Bahrain, Researcher: Ahmad Hosseini Ashkuri, Tehran: Mortazavi, [in Arabic].
Tavakoli, Nasrin and Mohammad Ali Esmaeili (2020), “Interpretation of Secondary Philosophical Intentions in the Thought of Sadr al-Muta’allihin and Martyr Sadr”, Philosophical Knowledge, vol. 18, no. 2, 9-26, [in Persian].