Research
Persian Language and Literature
Issa Amankhani
Abstract
Recently, postmodern theories are the main theoretical framework for many published studies in postmodern theories, whatever the reason is for considering these theories. The application of this theory is usually done in two forms. A) Through presenting a simplistic reading of postmodernism (in ...
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Recently, postmodern theories are the main theoretical framework for many published studies in postmodern theories, whatever the reason is for considering these theories. The application of this theory is usually done in two forms. A) Through presenting a simplistic reading of postmodernism (in this case, the differences between the postmodern theories are being ignored), its main components such as uncertainty, etc., are also extracted, and then the text is analyzed in terms of the components. B) Only such postmodern theories as Derrida's (de) construction are the building block for the text analysis. Despite a lot of studies, it seems that the application of postmodern theory did not play any significant role in enhancing our knowledge. Although there are several reasons for this failure, one of the main reasons to such demerits is the simplistic reading and reductive application of postmodern theory. The present article seeks to investigate one of the most important elements, namely short story based on postmodern theory. Furthermore, it specifically aims to address the short story in Iran as framed in postmodern stories (with emphasis on chapter 9, the Postmodernism characterizing based on Foucault's theory) to disclose the outcomes and the reasons why reductionism and simplistic reading occurs in such works.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Zakarya Bezdoode; Cyrus Amiri
Abstract
The present paper aims to apply a critical reading to the book entitled “Theory of Genre: An Analytical and Historical Approach”, by Mahdi Zarghani and Mahmood Reza Ghorban Sabbagh which was first published in 2015 by Hermes Publications. The book includes four parts and sixteen chapters. ...
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The present paper aims to apply a critical reading to the book entitled “Theory of Genre: An Analytical and Historical Approach”, by Mahdi Zarghani and Mahmood Reza Ghorban Sabbagh which was first published in 2015 by Hermes Publications. The book includes four parts and sixteen chapters. It is a historical and, at parts, a critical review of the theory of genre from Plato to the present. It is a comprehensive book with encyclopedic features that endeavors to review and explicate the theory of genre throughout history. A review of the book shows that although the authors have achieved their goals relatively, the book needs to be reviewed and revised particularly concerning the content and the method of the study. In this paper, we have tried to point to some of these methodical and textual shortcomings that need to be considered and possibly corrected for the future reprinting of the book
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Davood Pour Mozaffari
Abstract
Ziya’ Ghâsemi claims in his book, Sabk-e Adabi Az Didghâh-e Zabânŝenâsi, that he has presented an analytic pattern based on linguistics, especially generative grammar, to analyze literary text’s style. This essay evaluates the book and its writer’s claims ...
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Ziya’ Ghâsemi claims in his book, Sabk-e Adabi Az Didghâh-e Zabânŝenâsi, that he has presented an analytic pattern based on linguistics, especially generative grammar, to analyze literary text’s style. This essay evaluates the book and its writer’s claims through criticizing the book’s form and content. Based on this book, this article attempts to show not only this book does not present a new point of view and method, but also it merely addresses some abstract examples like previous stylistics handbooks in Farsi. The book cannot be counted as a progress in literary and stylistic studies in any way because of its out of date references, ignoring new approaches in stylistics, repetition of other handbook’s defects, shallow knowledge about Persian literature, and misunderstandings of some literary terms.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Mohammad Ragheb
Abstract
Chapters of Kelk-e Khiyal-Angiz (Ney Publication: 2014) by AbolfazlHorri are devoted to “Theory of Literary Genres”, “fantasy and fantastic”, “uncanny in psychology and literature”, “structural approach to fantastic” and “poetics of fantastic ...
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Chapters of Kelk-e Khiyal-Angiz (Ney Publication: 2014) by AbolfazlHorri are devoted to “Theory of Literary Genres”, “fantasy and fantastic”, “uncanny in psychology and literature”, “structural approach to fantastic” and “poetics of fantastic literature, miracles and marvels in practice”. Examples of critical data include Faraj-e Ba’dazSheddat, Haft Peykar, Arabian Nights, ‘jayeb-name and stories of Sūrat al-Kahf. The main approach of the author is TzvetanTodorov approach in The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre. In a general evaluation, the book has some problems: using Western theory in Persian traditional stories without any modification is not so useful, and borders of different genres have not been specified, selected cases have been chosen unreasonably. Some problems have been seen in the story analysis and some examples are not in accordance with the approach. A few terms have been translated wrongly. Moreover, sometimes there are some simple editing problems, for instance redundancy, circumlocution, and repeating make reading difficult. General and obvious results are more than needed. Referential system and bibliography have some problems as well. Above all, sometimes translated texts have been used instead of writing.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
zeinab rezapour
Abstract
One of the lessons considered essential for the better understanding of Quranic knowledge in the field of Persian literature is familiarity with Quranic sciences. But, this lesson has some drawbacks in goals, syllabuses, and educational books that have diminished its importance, attractiveness and effectiveness, ...
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One of the lessons considered essential for the better understanding of Quranic knowledge in the field of Persian literature is familiarity with Quranic sciences. But, this lesson has some drawbacks in goals, syllabuses, and educational books that have diminished its importance, attractiveness and effectiveness, which havegreatly influenced this lesson. Three important and widely circulated textbooks are written by the scholars Radmanesh, Halabi, and Rokni. While these textbooks possess some merits such as inclusion of the most significant Quranic Sciences, useful and valuable information in this regard as well as some literary topics proportionate to the subject, they also have some demerits and drawbacks. The critical problem is the lack of a comprehensive and methodological approach to include the literary subjects related to the syllabus designs which are mentioned in the educational books on Introduction to Quranic Sciences, which, along with such factors as comprehensive and non-impediment of teaching lessons, addressing unnecessary material, the lack of prioritization of Qur'anic topics based on its reflection in literature and turmoil. In compiling the content of textbooks, this lesson has been thrown into the fringe of specialized Persian literature courses. In this research, we try to find ways to improve the quality of the lesson and improve its status through a descriptive-analytical method along with pathology and critique of the educational sections and academic courses of the Quranic sciences familiarizing.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Roya Yadolahi Shahrah
Abstract
In this article, the book “Comment on Comment”, written by Seyyed Ali Kashefi Khansari, consisting of 12 book reviews, a pathology of children's literary theory books, and a response to review response, was investigated and criticized in two sections. In the first section, the form and content ...
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In this article, the book “Comment on Comment”, written by Seyyed Ali Kashefi Khansari, consisting of 12 book reviews, a pathology of children's literary theory books, and a response to review response, was investigated and criticized in two sections. In the first section, the form and content generality of the book were reviewed, and in the second section, all the articles separately, based on the principles of book review were reviewed. Finally, the lack of a comprehensive introduction, problems in the number of index pages, lack of reasoning and rationality of most of the claims made in the book, lack of citation and examples of claims and reviews when necessary, often the lack and sometimes deficiency of citing references, non-use of lexicons and specific language and some writing and typing problems are major drawbacks of the book. The strengths and weaknesses of book review articles include: Introducing the history and subject area of books and their place among similar works in most articles, sometimes exceeding mere review, proposing new topics, categorizing and indexing or numbering reviews and axes of review in some articles that facilitates receiving concepts, and in the whole book, its simple and suitable appearance. Finally, the book was considered inappropriate for the academic research and education.
Persian Language and Literature
Saeid Shafieioun
Abstract
The book "Analytical Approach to Rhetoric" is one of the recently-published scholarly textbooks in the field of rhetoric that, while relying on the basics of traditional rhetoric, has attempted to use new approaches in this field as well. Moreover, the critical aspect and the approach of this book to ...
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The book "Analytical Approach to Rhetoric" is one of the recently-published scholarly textbooks in the field of rhetoric that, while relying on the basics of traditional rhetoric, has attempted to use new approaches in this field as well. Moreover, the critical aspect and the approach of this book to review the most prevalent issues in the field of rhetoric, which have been stated in previous sources as well as its attempt to provide a detailed investigation of some of them, absolutely justify the title of this book. The shortcomings of this book are categorized into general and specific ones. The general ones include some problems such as print mistakes and typos, the lack of literature review and the method of referencing and bibliography whereas the specific ones comprise those flaws which appeared in relation to the subject and structure of this book. There are some cases like improper selection of evidence and misreading of them that sometimes have led to false analysis and recognition of rhetorical principles. In this critique, the weak coherence of the book in managing the discussion as well as evidence and categorizing the content has been pointed out, and also its mundane verbosity and unnecessary brevity has been discussed.
Persian Language and Literature
Davood Emarati Moghaddam
Abstract
The semiotics theory of Greimas is mainly introduced to Persian readers by Hamid Reza Sha'iri. This article attempts to prove that the presentation of this theory and the explanation of its foundational concepts and methodological bases, have only made it more complicated and difficult. This article ...
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The semiotics theory of Greimas is mainly introduced to Persian readers by Hamid Reza Sha'iri. This article attempts to prove that the presentation of this theory and the explanation of its foundational concepts and methodological bases, have only made it more complicated and difficult. This article examines Sha'iri's last book, namely The Semio-Semantics of Literature: Towards the Theory of Literary Discourse Analysis and some other writings of the author to show the causes of ambiguity which exist through them. The most important causes of ambiguity in what the author has written about Grimasian semiotics are: 1- The lack of historical approach to semiotics theory 2- Ambiguity of definitions, classifications and terms 3- using insufficient and sometimes wrong Persian substitutes for technical terms of Greimasian theory of semiotics. The article concludes that because of the aforementioned faults, the book cannot represent how the Greimasian semiotic concepts and methodology should be applied to the literary texts, and even the most elementary questions about the application of different methods in understanding and assessing literary texts, remain unanswered.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Haleh Kiani barforoush; Ghodsieh Rezvanian
Abstract
The General Persian Book is one of the academic curriculum resources that has not been designated for its part and several books are written by the professors of Persian literature for it. The review of 12 General Persian books in this study shows that the type of perception and the attitudes of the ...
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The General Persian Book is one of the academic curriculum resources that has not been designated for its part and several books are written by the professors of Persian literature for it. The review of 12 General Persian books in this study shows that the type of perception and the attitudes of the professors to the nature of "literature" are very effective in the writing this books. In most of these books, the purpose and perspective are not different from the high school Persian books, and the approach of most of these books is to provide attractive and informative selections of literary texts. The difference between books is mainly in the presentation of different excerpts from the texts of order and prose. The position of the author's thoughts is apparent only in the selection of texts, and books are not primarily designed and written. The effort to present a selection of high and sublime texts has marginalized other discourses and literary currents in these books. In most of these books, there is no role for the audience, and from this perspective, they have a static and passive approach. The results of this study highlight the necessity of compiling a book on the subject of literature as a public school curriculum.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Mostafa Gorji
Abstract
On of printed works in the Persian language and literature field with respect to research teaching is ‘Research Principles in the Persian Language and Literature’ written by Taheri. Analyzing such a book amongst f similar works appears that the writer has tried to go beyond Persian language ...
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On of printed works in the Persian language and literature field with respect to research teaching is ‘Research Principles in the Persian Language and Literature’ written by Taheri. Analyzing such a book amongst f similar works appears that the writer has tried to go beyond Persian language and literature by his critical and philosophical points of view. ’. The present review aims to review the most important shortcoming along with some necessary suggestions. The most important points in the discussion of structure and methods are inaccuracy in quotations and relying on memory, lack of mentioning the resources in the end, hurrying in the list of announcements, verbosity, lack of harmony of chapter titles and contents, mentioning unnecessary evidence, and lack of clarification between quotations and the writer’s opinion. In the discussion of content critique, lack of audience rhetoric, lack of attention to education principles and claimed proposition and discussion about unnecessary contents can be mentioned. So, the final review shows that this book despite its title and target goes beyond language and literature field and because of this attitude, it needs to revision.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Rahman Moshtagmehr
Abstract
Although hedonistic and some other self-beneficial and pleasure-seeking approaches towards a text are assumed to be subjective, those who aim at dealing with textual exegesis, and publishing the resultant text in the public domain undertake a responsibility for which they must accept some requirements ...
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Although hedonistic and some other self-beneficial and pleasure-seeking approaches towards a text are assumed to be subjective, those who aim at dealing with textual exegesis, and publishing the resultant text in the public domain undertake a responsibility for which they must accept some requirements necessary to the successful accomplishment of the task. Exegetes should know the text well and get acquainted with it thoroughly. To achieve a reliable, revised, or edited version, exegetes should exert themselves in laborious task of revising. They should be sensitive, precise, and strict during the task of reading; furthermore, in case of encountering with any linguistic or metrical heterogeneities (in poetical texts) or any alternations regarding the internal logic of the main text, they should not rely on their self-reading of the text; instead, they should try to unravel the problem through continual and repeated rereading, referring to dictionary and other related resources, note-taking from corrected and revised versions, and consulting experts of the field. The above-mentioned procedure will be fruitful when exegetes acquire the necessary requirements for textual interpretation and mastery in related fields. One should not surmise that proficiency and expertise in a discipline of Humanities ensure mastery in all of the related domains; this kind of complacency, especially amongst those who are assumed to be authorities of the field, is not acceptable at all. The current paper, as a pioneering model, intends to analyze and criticize Gholamhussain Dinani’s reading of Rumi’s ghazals from various angles of vision, namely, the reliability of the text as a sourcebook, the correct reading, the way of dealing with problems confronted as a result of inadequate knowledge about the mentality and language of the main author, and exegete’s explanations about the literary content.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Vardanjani; seyed Javad Mortezaei; Mhammadreza torki; Maryam Salehinia
Abstract
The two stylistics books of Shamisa and Gholam-Rezaie are the sources which have divided the Persian poetry styles with aperiodic (historical/geographical) perspective. These two works, despite some major drawbacks, have been the source of teaching and reference for many years. The lack of critical and ...
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The two stylistics books of Shamisa and Gholam-Rezaie are the sources which have divided the Persian poetry styles with aperiodic (historical/geographical) perspective. These two works, despite some major drawbacks, have been the source of teaching and reference for many years. The lack of critical and specialized review on these two works, caused them to be reprinted repeatedly with a little change. This research aims at investigating and analyzing the existing information in these books about Arrani style (Azarbaijani), in order to correct some non-scientific propositions which have been accepted for many years and are transferred from one research to another. In the same vein, after a quick look at the background of Persian poetry classification and reference to some existing conflicts about the Sixth century poetry and the Arrani (Azarbaijanian) style, we will discuss the stylistics criticism of Shamisa, and then the stylistics criticism of Gholam-Rezaie.
Research
Persian Language and Literature
Roohollah Hadi
Abstract
Doing studies about the king of speech “Sa’di” is highly respected and the greater they are the greater happiness they make. Atash-e-Parsi is one of these studies on Sa’di`s life and poems. Seeing Sa’di’s name in the first step, makes the reader smile but reading the ...
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Doing studies about the king of speech “Sa’di” is highly respected and the greater they are the greater happiness they make. Atash-e-Parsi is one of these studies on Sa’di`s life and poems. Seeing Sa’di’s name in the first step, makes the reader smile but reading the book more seriously and thinking twice about its content, changes this early feeling little by little, besides revealing new points and facts. A fair reader will understand that the writer of the book, as a Shiite Muslim, has used the SA’DI Collected Works as well as a collection of other historic, religious, mystical, literary, and other references to show a personality of Sa’di based on his own personal thoughts and beliefs. He has also tried to reconstruct the real life of the poet using his romantic Ghazals, which are a product of a unique moment. As a result, reading this book makes hundreds of questions in the readers’ mind and totally confuses them. They mainly have complaints about the periphrasis, incorrect inference, repetition, and the irregular references and wonder why the writer and the publisher did not care about their reader’s mind. considering the fact that a professional publishing institute like Ettela’at is rightly expected to pay much more attention to judging books before publishing them.
